Animal safety
Sheep are mainly grazing animals and feed mostly on grasses and herbs. Many problematic plants are avoided, but forage shortage, high stocking density, or limited choice can still lead to unsuitable plants being eaten.
Sheep
Sheep
These plants should not be fed or need clear access control.
32 Plants
Sheep
Wild garlic belongs to the Allium genus, whose species contain thiosulphates that can cause hemolytic anemia in grazing animals like sheep. Although no specific data for Allium ursinum in sheep is available, a toxic classification is made due to the known toxicity of other Allium species to ruminants.
Risk parts: All parts of the plant, especially bulbs and leaves
Sheep
No reliable species-specific assessment is available.
Risk parts: Bulb, Green shoots (leaves), Flowers
Sheep
No direct species-specific source was found for sheep. This is a cautious inference from the goats profile and the known plant-part risks.
Risk parts: All parts, especially Pennyroyal mint (Mentha pulegium), concentrated essential oils
Sheep
Leek is edible for sheep in small amounts, but certain parts like roots and tough outer leaves can cause gastrointestinal upset. Like other Allium species, it contains compounds that can be toxic in high doses. Feed only the tender, edible parts and limit quantity. Consult a veterinarian if signs of poisoning appear.
Suitable: Shaft (white and light green), Leaves (tender, green parts), Flowers (as edible garnish)
Risk parts: Roots, Very tough, outer leaves, Woody flower stalk after bolting
Sheep
No direct species-specific source was found for sheep. This is a cautious inference from the goats profile and the known plant-part risks.
Suitable: Sweet almond kernels (shelled, in moderation)
Risk parts: Leaves, Stems, Bark, unripe fruits
Sheep
No specific data on the safety of basil for sheep is available. Basil is generally considered safe for human consumption and non-toxic to dogs and cats. It is classified as 'not recommended' due to the lack of specific feeding data for sheep and because it is not a typical forage plant. In very large quantities, the essential oils present could theoretically cause digestive upset.
Suitable: leaves, young shoots, flowers
Sheep
No reliable species-specific assessment is available. Fruits might be considered in very small amounts as a treat after frost or processing, but leaves and seeds should be avoided due to amygdalin.
Suitable: Fruit (processed or after frost)
Risk parts: Leaves, Seeds
Sheep
Young leaves and flowers are safe in moderation; older parts contain hepatotoxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids. Sheep can eat young leaves as occasional feed but not as primary feed.
Suitable: Young leaves, Flowers
Risk parts: Older leaves, Stems, Seeds
Sheep
Cooked or processed flowering quince fruit can be given to sheep as an occasional treat, but seeds must be removed due to their cyanogenic glycoside content. Raw fruit is unsuitable due to high acidity and hardness. Ingestion of seeds may cause mild to moderate gastrointestinal distress.
Suitable: Fruit (cooked or processed)
Risk parts: Seeds
Sheep
Chives contain N-propyl disulfide, which can cause gastrointestinal upset and hemolytic anemia in sheep if consumed in large quantities. Although no species-specific studies are available, a conservative assessment is made based on toxicity in related livestock (horses, cattle) and the known mechanism of action. Leaves and flowers are the toxic parts.
Risk parts: Leaves, Flowers
Sheep
Leaves, young shoots, and stems of Cochlearia species are generally edible for sheep and contain valuable vitamin C, but overconsumption may cause gastrointestinal irritation due to mustard oil glycosides. No evidence of severe poisoning in sheep found. Suitable as supplemental feed in moderation.
Suitable: Leaves, Young shoots, Stems
Sheep
['Common bean contains the lectin phasin, which causes gastrointestinal distress when raw. Heating destroys the toxin. Sheep can tolerate cooked beans in small amounts, but they should not be used as a primary feed.']
Suitable: cooked pods, cooked seeds
Risk parts: raw pods, raw seeds
Sheep
Sage contains thujone, which can be toxic in high doses. No adverse effects are expected with normal culinary use. Pregnant, lactating sheep and animals with epilepsy should avoid concentrated extracts. Leaves and young shoots can be given in small amounts as supplemental feed.
Suitable: Leaves, Young shoots, Flowers (sparingly)
Risk parts: Concentrated essential oils
Sheep
The nut kernels of Juglans regia are edible and nutritious for sheep, but other plant parts contain juglone, which can cause gastrointestinal irritation if ingested. Sheep should be restricted to nut kernels only, especially if fallen fruits or leaves are present on pasture. Monitoring is advised if access to non-nut parts exists.
Suitable: Fruit (nut kernel)
Risk parts: Green fruit husks, Leaves, Roots
Sheep
Leaves and young shoots suitable in small amounts as flavoring, avoid woody stems. Excessive consumption may cause digestive issues. Not suitable as main feed.
Suitable: Leaves, Young shoots
Risk parts: Woody stems
Sheep
Leaves, young shoots, and flower spikes are suitable for sheep in moderation. Seeds and older stalks contain higher concentrations of saponins and oxalic acid and may cause gastrointestinal upset. Roots are inedible and should be avoided. Consumption of large amounts may lead to diarrhea. Consult a veterinarian if symptoms persist.
Suitable: leaves, young shoots, flower spikes
Risk parts: seeds, older tough stalks, roots
Sheep
Ground ivy contains essential oils, tannins, and saponins that can cause gastrointestinal upset in sheep. Although no species-specific sources are available, the plant is toxic to many mammals, especially horses and rodents. Sheep should not have access to fresh ground ivy, particularly not as part of their forage. If ingested, observe and contact a veterinarian if symptoms occur.
Risk parts: Leaves, Flowers, Young shoots
Sheep
No direct species-specific source was found for sheep. This is a cautious inference from the goats profile and the known plant-part risks.
Suitable: Leaves
Risk parts: Stems (very woody), Roots
Sheep
Oregano is suitable for sheep in small amounts as supplemental feed, but essential oils may cause gastrointestinal upset if overconsumed. Woody stems should be avoided. Not for use as primary feed. Consult a veterinarian if symptoms persist.
Suitable: Leaves, Flowers, Young shoot tips
Risk parts: Heavily woody stems at the base
Sheep
Solanine in green parts and sprouts can be toxic. Cooked tubers without these parts are safe in moderation.
Suitable: Tuber (ripe, not green, no sprouts)
Risk parts: Green parts of tuber, Sprouts, Leaves, Stems
Sheep
Leaves and rhizome are toxic to sheep due to high oxalic acid concentration. Leaf stalks are only suitable in small amounts before end of June; thereafter oxalic acid levels increase significantly and pose kidney risk. No species-specific studies exist, but consensus from animal groups and plant toxicology supports conservative classification.
Suitable: Leaf stalks (petioles) until end of June
Risk parts: Leaf blades (high oxalic acid content), Rhizome/Rootstock, Leaf stalks after end of June (high oxalic acid content]
Sheep
No direct species-specific source was found for sheep. This is a cautious inference from the goats profile and the known plant-part risks.
Suitable: cooked pods (young), cooked seeds (mature and immature), flowers
Risk parts: raw seeds, raw pods
Sheep
Sambucus contains sambunigrin, which can cause gastrointestinal upset when consumed raw. Cooked ripe berries and flowers are tolerable in small amounts. Leaves, stems, and roots are toxic and should be avoided. Sheep may receive cooked berries as an occasional treat, but raw parts are not recommended.
Suitable: Flowers, Ripe berries (cooked)
Risk parts: Raw berries, Leaves, Stems, Roots
Sheep
The bulb is safe for sheep in moderation, while young leaves should be avoided due to potential disulfide content. Excessive consumption may lead to gastrointestinal upset.
Suitable: Bulb
Risk parts: Leaves (young shoots)
Sheep
The ripe, bletted fruit of the service tree is tolerable in small amounts after bletting but contains astringent tannins. Unripe fruits, seeds, leaves, and bark contain cyanogenic glycosides that can cause gastrointestinal upset in sheep if consumed in excess. No specific sheep studies available, but conservative classification based on plant toxic compounds and known effects in ruminants.
Suitable: Fruit (after bletting)
Risk parts: Unripe/unbletted fruits, Seeds, Leaves, Bark
Sheep
Tarragon contains estragole and essential oils that may cause gastrointestinal upset in sheep if consumed excessively. Culinary amounts are likely safe, but it is not suitable as feed.
Risk parts: Leaves, Young shoots
Sheep
No direct species-specific source was found for sheep. This is a cautious inference from the goats profile and the known plant-part risks.
Risk parts: leaves, young shoots, seeds, stems
Sheep
Edible parts (leaves, young shoots, thickened stems, flowers) are safe for sheep in moderation but contain thiosulfates that may cause gastrointestinal upset if overconsumed. Root fibers and dry leaf sheaths should be avoided. Sheep are ruminants and can tolerate Allium species better than monogastric animals, but caution is still advised.
Suitable: Leaves, young shoots, thickened stems, flowers
Risk parts: Root fibers, dry leaf sheaths
Sheep
Winter Savory contains essential oils that can cause gastrointestinal upset if consumed in excessive quantities. It is not a typical forage for sheep and should not be offered as such.
Risk parts: Whole plant (especially with excessive consumption)
Sheep
Yarrow contains glycoalkaloids and sesquiterpene lactones that can cause gastrointestinal upset and skin irritation in sheep. While not classified as highly toxic, ingestion is not recommended due to potential mild to moderate toxicity. Young leaves and flowers are occasionally used in very small amounts as herbs, but routine feeding should be avoided.
Risk parts: Leaves, Flowers, Stems
Sheep
While the flesh of apricots is safe for human consumption, the leaves, stems, and especially the stone contain cyanogenic glycosides, which can cause poisoning in ruminants like sheep. The risk is particularly high when the plant material is wilting. Feeding sheep apricot plants is not recommended.
Suitable: Flesh (in very small amounts as a treat, but not recommended)
Risk parts: Leaves, Stems, Seeds, Stone
Sheep
Plant part, amount, maturity, or animal condition matter here.
32 Plants
Sheep
The flesh of acorn squash is safe for sheep in small amounts and can be fed as an occasional treat. Raw flesh may be difficult to digest. Seeds contain cucurbitacins, which can cause gastrointestinal irritation if consumed in excess. Leaves and stems should be avoided.
Suitable: Flesh
Risk parts: Leaves, Stems, Seeds (raw)
Sheep
Apple flesh and peel (untreated) can be offered to sheep in moderation as a treat. However, seeds, leaves, stems, and especially wilted plant material contain cyanogenic glycosides, which can be metabolized into cyanide and are highly toxic. Sheep should not have access to these plant parts.
Suitable: Fruit flesh (without seeds), Peel (for untreated fruit)
Risk parts: Seeds, Leaves, Stems, Wilted plant material
Sheep
No direct species-specific source was found for sheep. This is a cautious inference from known plant-part risks (tannins, cyanogenic glycosides in seeds/leaves) and the general non-toxicity of the fruits for other species.
Suitable: Ripe fruits (in small quantities)
Risk parts: Unripe fruits, Leaves, Stems, Seeds
Sheep
The flesh of ripe fruits is safe for sheep and can be fed as an occasional treat. The seeds and unripe fruits contain alkaloids and should be avoided.
Suitable: Flesh (fully ripe)
Risk parts: Seeds, Unripe fruits
Sheep
Sheep should eat chili peppers in moderation only, as the seeds, leaves, and stems are toxic.
Suitable: ripe and unripe fruits
Risk parts: seeds, leaves, stems
Sheep
No reliable species-specific assessment is available.
Suitable: ripe syconium (fruit flesh including skin)
Sheep
Fruit pulp of ripe Cornelian cherry is suitable for sheep in small amounts as a treat. Seeds are indigestible and may cause gastrointestinal upset. Leaves contain fine hairs that may cause irritation in sensitive animals. No known toxic compounds in the plant.
Suitable: Fruit pulp
Risk parts: Seeds, Leaves
Sheep
The fruit flesh of the damson plum is safe for sheep and can be given as a treat. Pits, leaves, and bark contain amygdalin, which releases cyanide when metabolized and is toxic. Feed only pitted fruit flesh.
Suitable: Fruit flesh
Risk parts: Seed/pit (contains cyanogenic glycosides), Leaves, Bark
Sheep
Ripe fruits are likely safe in small amounts for sheep but not suitable as a primary feed. Green plant parts and unripe fruits contain solanine and are toxic. There is no direct evidence for sheep, but classification is based on known solanine toxicity and general plant use.
Suitable: Ripe fruit (in moderation)
Risk parts: Leaves, Stems, Unripe fruits, Green plant parts
Sheep
The fruit flesh of plum is generally safe for sheep in moderation, however pits, leaves, and bark contain amygdalin which can release hydrogen cyanide. Consumption of large amounts of hazardous parts poses poisoning risk. Offer only pit-free fruit flesh as an occasional treat.
Suitable: Fruit flesh, Skin
Risk parts: Seeds (pit), Leaves, Bark
Sheep
Fully ripe goji berries are suitable for sheep in small amounts as an occasional treat. Unripe fruits contain solanine and can cause gastrointestinal upset. No indications of severe poisoning in sheep with normal consumption of ripe fruits. Consult a veterinarian if symptoms occur.
Suitable: fully ripe fruits
Risk parts: green unripe berries, roots, bark
Sheep
The fruit flesh of greengage is suitable for sheep in small amounts as a treat. Pits, leaves, and bark contain cyanogenic glycosides and can cause poisoning symptoms. If toxic parts are consumed, contact a veterinarian immediately.
Suitable: Fruit flesh, Fruit skin
Risk parts: Seeds (pit), Leaves, Bark
Sheep
Kiwi fruit flesh is suitable for sheep in small amounts as an occasional treat. Leaves and stems contain actinidin and oxalates, which can cause gastrointestinal upset if consumed excessively. Sheep should only be given the fruit flesh, never leaves or stems.
Suitable: Fruit flesh
Risk parts: Leaves, Stems
Sheep
Mirabelle fruit flesh is suitable for sheep in small amounts as an occasional treat. Pits, leaves, and stems contain cyanogenic glycosides and should be avoided. Consuming large quantities of fruit flesh may cause gastrointestinal upset due to sugar content.
Suitable: Fruit flesh
Risk parts: Pit (seed), Leaves, Stems
Sheep
Ripe mulberries are generally safe for sheep and can be offered as an occasional treat or part of the diet. Unripe fruits and leaves may cause stomach upset. Overconsumption of ripe fruits can lead to digestive issues.
Suitable: Ripe fruits
Risk parts: Unripe fruits, Leaves, Milky sap
Sheep
The flesh of musk squash is suitable for sheep in small amounts as a supplemental feed, provided it is not bitter. Bitter fruits contain toxic cucurbitacins and must be avoided. Seeds in large quantities, leaves, and stems are not recommended due to potential irritants and digestive issues.
Suitable: Flesh
Risk parts: Bitter-tasting fruits (cucurbitacins), seeds in large quantities, leaves, stems
Sheep
No direct species-specific source was found for sheep. This is a cautious inference from the goats profile and the known plant-part risks.
Suitable: Fruit flesh
Risk parts: Seeds, Rind
Sheep
Immature okra pods, leaves, and flowers are safe and nutritious for sheep in moderation. Overripe, woody pods may pose impaction risk. The fine hairs can cause skin irritation in sensitive individuals but are usually harmless when ingested.
Suitable: Immature seed pods, Leaves, Flowers
Risk parts: Overripe, woody pods
Sheep
Pattypan squash is generally safe for sheep when only the mature fruits or the flesh of young fruits are fed in moderation. Bitter or unripe fruits, as well as leaves, stem, and roots, should be avoided as they may contain cucurbitacins which can cause gastrointestinal upset. Feeding should be limited to young fruits or mature seeds.
Suitable: Flesh (young fruits), Seeds (mature fruits)
Risk parts: Leaves, Stem, Roots, unripe fruits (may contain cucurbitacins)
Sheep
Peaches are not recommended for sheep as the leaves and stems contain toxic cyanogenic glycosides.
Suitable: Fruit flesh
Risk parts: Pit, Leaves, Stems
Sheep
No direct species-specific source was found for sheep. This is a cautious inference from the goats profile and the known plant-part risks.
Suitable: Ripe fruits
Risk parts: Leaves, Stems, Green, unripe fruits
Sheep
Ripe fruits of sweet pepper varieties are safe for sheep in moderation and can be given as treats. Green parts contain solanine and should be avoided. Hot varieties may cause mucosal irritation. If large amounts are consumed or symptoms occur, a veterinarian should be consulted.
Suitable: Ripe fruits
Risk parts: Leaves, Stems, Roots, Unripe fruits
Sheep
The leaves, stems, and unripe fruits of Physalis peruviana contain alkaloids and are considered toxic. As sheep are grazing animals, there is a risk they may consume these plant parts. Ripe fruits are safe for human consumption but are not suitable as feed for sheep.
Suitable: Ripe fruits (not recommended as feed)
Risk parts: Leaves, Stems, Unripe fruits
Sheep
All parts of the plant, especially the leaves and unripe fruit, contain solanine, a glycoalkaloid, which is toxic to sheep. Ripe fruit is generally considered safe, but consumption of other plant parts is not recommended and can cause severe symptoms.
Suitable: Ripe fruits (in very small amounts as a treat)
Risk parts: Unripe fruits, Leaves, Stems, Roots
Sheep
Ripe fruit is safe for sheep in moderation and can be offered as a treat. Seeds, leaves, stems, and roots contain small amounts of cyanogenic glycosides and should not be consumed in large quantities.
Suitable: ripe fruit
Risk parts: seeds (in large quantities), leaves, stems, roots
Sheep
Cooked quince fruit flesh can be given to sheep occasionally as a treat, but seeds, woolly fuzz, leaves, and stems should be avoided due to amygdalin and potential irritation. Monitoring is advised if sheep have access to whole fruits or other plant parts.
Suitable: Fruit flesh (cooked)
Risk parts: Seeds, Woolly fuzz, Leaves, Stems
Sheep
The flesh, skin, and roasted seeds of red kuri squash are safe for sheep in moderation. Bitter fruits due to cucurbitacins may cause gastrointestinal upset and should be avoided. The flower stem should not be fed.
Suitable: Flesh, Skin, Seeds (roasted)
Risk parts: Flower stem
Sheep
The flesh of sour cherry is suitable for sheep in small amounts as an occasional treat, but pits, leaves, and twigs contain amygdalin, which can release cyanide when chewed or when wilted material is consumed. Sheep tend to browse and may ingest leaves and twigs, posing a poisoning risk. Only pit-free flesh should be offered occasionally. Seek veterinary help immediately if poisoning is suspected.
Suitable: Flesh
Risk parts: Pits, leaves, twigs
Sheep
Cooked spaghetti squash flesh is suitable for sheep in small amounts as a treat. Raw flesh, seeds, and hard rind may cause gastrointestinal upset due to cucurbitacins and poor digestibility. No known cases of severe poisoning in sheep. Occasionally used as feed but not recommended as a primary component.
Suitable: Flesh (cooked)
Risk parts: Seeds (raw), Rind
Sheep
The flesh of sweet cherry is suitable for sheep in small amounts as a treat, but pits, stems, and leaves contain cyanogenic glycosides that can be toxic if ingested. Wilted leaves pose an increased risk. Overconsumption of fruit may cause digestive upset.
Suitable: Flesh
Risk parts: Pits, Stems, Leaves
Sheep
No reliable species-specific assessment is available.
Suitable: ripe fruit
Risk parts: unripe fruits, leaves, stems, husk (calyx)
Sheep
Watermelon flesh is generally safe for sheep as an occasional treat. Seeds contain low levels of cyanogenic compounds and should only be fed in very limited quantities. Unripe fruits may contain cucurbitacins that can cause gastrointestinal irritation. Sheep should not have access to wild forms or bitter-tasting melons. The high water and sugar content necessitates limited feeding to avoid digestive upset.
Suitable: Flesh
Risk parts: Seeds in large quantities, unripe fruits
Sheep
These plants are more likely suitable in the reviewed data, but not as a sole feed.
99 Plants
Sheep
Fennel is generally safe for sheep when the bulb, leaves, and stems are fed. Seeds and essential oil should be given only in very small amounts due to potential hormonal effects and overdose risks. No known cases of severe poisoning in sheep from normal feeding of vegetable fennel. Exercise caution during pregnancy due to possible estrogenic effects of anethole. Excessive seed consumption may cause gastrointestinal…
Suitable: Bulb, Leaves, Stems
Risk parts: Seeds in high concentrations, Essential oil
Sheep
Parsley is generally safe for sheep when fed in moderation. Large quantities, especially from flowering plants, can lead to photosensitization due to apiol and furanocoumarin content. Leaves, stems, and roots are the commonly consumed parts and are considered safe. Feeding should be limited to non-flowering parts.
Suitable: Leaves, Stems, Roots
Risk parts: Plants in the flowering stage (increased apiol content), Seeds (high furanocoumarin content)
Sheep
Fruits are generally safe for sheep as an occasional treat, but leaves and stems may cause gastrointestinal irritation due to tannins when consumed in large amounts. No known serious toxins for sheep in the fruits.
Suitable: Fruits
Risk parts: Leaves, Stems
Sheep
No direct species-specific source was found for sheep. This is a cautious inference from the cattle profile and the known plant-part risks.
Suitable: Leaves, Seeds, Flowers, Tender stems
Sheep
Wild strawberry (Fragaria vesca) is non-toxic to sheep and all parts are edible. Fruits and leaves can be given as supplemental feed. Overconsumption may cause mild gastrointestinal upset but is rare. No known toxic compounds.
Suitable: Fruits, Leaves
Sheep
Leaves and flowers of Allium ramosum are edible for sheep in small amounts, but contain sulfur compounds that may cause gastrointestinal upset if consumed excessively. No evidence of severe toxicity in sheep, but caution is warranted due to its Allium nature.
Suitable: Leaves, Flowers
Risk parts: Bulbs, Tubers
Sheep
Young asparagus shoots are generally safe for sheep in moderation, while berries and mature plant parts contain saponins that can cause gastrointestinal upset. Sheep should only consume the young, tender shoots and be prevented from accessing berries and woody ends. If large amounts or toxic parts are ingested, the animal should be observed and a veterinarian consulted if symptoms persist.
Suitable: Young shoots (asparagus spears)
Risk parts: Berries, Woody ends of spears, Mature fronds
Sheep
No reliable species-specific assessment for sheep is available. Yellow Rocket belongs to the Brassicaceae family, which can contain glucosinolates. Young leaves and flower buds can be consumed in moderation as forage or supplement. Older or very pungent leaves should be avoided as they can cause gastrointestinal upset or potentially thyroid issues.
Suitable: young leaves, flower buds
Risk parts: very pungent or old leaves
Sheep
The root of beetroot is generally safe for sheep in moderation and provides nutritional benefits. The leaves contain oxalic acid and should be fed only in limited amounts to avoid gastrointestinal upset. Excessive leaf consumption may warrant observation; consult a veterinarian if symptoms persist. Feeding should be part of a balanced diet and not replace the primary forage.
Suitable: root (taproot)
Risk parts: leaves
Sheep
No direct species-specific source was found for sheep. This is a cautious inference from the cattle profile and the known plant-part risks.
Suitable: Fruits
Risk parts: Leaves, Stems, Roots
Sheep
Edible parts (seeds, young pods, shoot tips) are suitable for sheep in moderation and are used as forage. Mature pod shells and roots are tough and indigestible, potentially causing gastrointestinal discomfort. Phasin is destroyed by cooking. No evidence of specific toxicity to sheep when edible parts are fed normally. Excessive raw or immature consumption may cause bloat due to high fiber and lectin content…
Suitable: Seeds (beans), Very young pods, Tender shoot tips
Risk parts: Mature pod shells (tough and indigestible), Roots
Sheep
Broccoli is generally safe for sheep in moderation. Overconsumption may cause bloat, as with other brassicas.
Suitable: flower buds, tender stems, young leaves
Sheep
Brussels sprouts are edible and non-toxic for sheep, but should only be given as supplemental feed as overfeeding can cause digestive issues such as bloat. Young sprouts and leaves are preferred.
Suitable: Buds (sprouts), Young leaves
Sheep
No direct species-specific source was found for sheep. This is a cautious inference from the goats profile and the known plant-part risks.
Suitable: Young leaf stalks, Young leaves, Flower buds
Risk parts: Older, fibrous leaf stalks, Thorns on leaves and stalks
Sheep
Cauliflower is generally safe for sheep when fed in moderation. Large quantities can lead to digestive issues due to its fiber content and potential for gas production. Feed only fresh, clean parts.
Suitable: curd/head, tender inner leaves, peeled stem
Risk parts: rotted or moldy parts
Sheep
The bulb of celeriac is suitable for sheep in small amounts as a treat. Leaves and stalks should be avoided as they may contain potentially irritating compounds. Excessive consumption of the bulb can lead to gastrointestinal upset.
Suitable: Bulb (hypocotyl)
Sheep
Celery is suitable for sheep in small amounts as a treat. Stalks and leaves are safe; seeds should be fed sparingly due to their high psoralen and essential oil content. Under normal forage feeding, there is no risk.
Suitable: stalks, leaves
Risk parts: seeds
Sheep
No direct species-specific source was found for sheep. This is a cautious inference from the goats profile and the known plant-part risks.
Suitable: Leaves, Stems, Flower buds, Flowers
Risk parts: Roots
Sheep
No direct species-specific source was found for sheep. This is a cautious inference from the goats profile and the known plant-part risks.
Suitable: Leaves, Stems, Flower buds
Risk parts: Seeds
Sheep
Crambe is not a known toxic plant for sheep and is used as a forage plant. However, excessive consumption of raw material may cause digestive upset in sensitive animals, similar to other brassicas.
Suitable: Leaves, Shoots, Flower buds
Sheep
Cucumber fruit is suitable for sheep in small amounts as a treat. Leaves, stems, and roots contain cucurbitacins and may cause gastrointestinal upset. Avoid bitter-tasting fruits, as they may contain high concentrations of toxic cucurbitacins.
Suitable: Fruit
Risk parts: Leaves, Stems, Roots
Sheep
Artichoke is generally considered safe for sheep when edible parts are fed in moderation. Unsuitable parts or excessive consumption may lead to mild gastrointestinal upset.
Suitable: Flower bud base (heart), Inner, tender parts of the bracts
Risk parts: Choke (the fine hairs inside the flower head), Outer, tough parts of the bracts, Stems (raw)
Sheep
The roots of Daucus carota are safe and nutritious for sheep. Older leaves and stems can be bitter and should be avoided. No known poisoning symptoms with normal feeding.
Suitable: Root, Young leaves (in moderation)
Risk parts: Older leaves and stems
Sheep
No reliable species-specific assessment is available.
Suitable: Leaves, Seedlings, Flowers
Risk parts: Seeds
Sheep
Garden orache is safe for sheep in moderation, particularly young leaves and stems. Mature seeds contain saponins and should only be fed in small quantities. Woody stems are difficult to digest and should be avoided. Overconsumption may cause gastrointestinal upset. If symptoms occur, a veterinarian should be consulted.
Suitable: Leaves, Young stems
Risk parts: Old, woody stems, Large quantities of mature seeds
Sheep
Fully ripe fruit is generally safe for sheep as an occasional treat. Leaves, stems, unripe fruit, and large quantities of seeds contain oxalic acid and may cause gastrointestinal upset. Feed only ripe fruit in limited amounts. Consult a veterinarian if symptoms occur.
Suitable: fruit (fully ripe)
Risk parts: leaves, stems, unripe fruit, seeds (in large quantities)
Sheep
The fruit of hardy kiwi is suitable for sheep in small amounts as a treat. No known toxic compounds or parts. Overconsumption may cause gastrointestinal discomfort due to fiber and natural sugars. Leaves and stems are not considered toxic but should not be used as primary feed.
Suitable: Fruit
Sheep
Honeyberry fruits are edible for sheep and can be fed as a treat. Other plant parts such as leaves and stems should be avoided as their safety is not established. No poisoning symptoms are expected when fruits are fed normally.
Suitable: Fruits
Risk parts: Leaves, Stems
Sheep
No direct species-specific source was found for sheep. This is a cautious inference from the goats profile and the known plant-part risks.
Suitable: Root (rhizome), Young leaves (sparingly)
Risk parts: Older leaves, Large quantities of leaves
Sheep
No direct species-specific source was found for sheep. This is a cautious inference from the goats profile and the known plant-part risks.
Suitable: Leaves, young stem
Risk parts: Milky sap in old stems
Sheep
No reliable species-specific assessment is available.
Suitable: Fruit
Risk parts: Leaves, Stems, Roots
Sheep
Kohlrabi is generally safe for sheep, with only the stem tuber and young leaves recommended for feeding. Older, woody parts are less digestible and may cause bloat if overconsumed. Suitable as part of a balanced diet but not as a primary feed.
Suitable: Stem tuber, Young leaves
Sheep
Komatsuna is safe and nutritious for sheep. All aerial parts can be fed. Like all brassicas, it contains glucosinolates, which are beneficial in normal amounts. Overconsumption may cause bloating. Roots and old, woody stems should be avoided as they are difficult to digest but not toxic.
Suitable: Leaves, Stems, Flower buds, Young flower stalks
Risk parts: Roots, Old, woody stems
Sheep
Palmkohl (Lacinato kale) is suitable for sheep in moderation as supplemental feed. Leaves and young flower buds are safe, while tough, woody stalks should be avoided. Like all Brassica species, it contains glucosinolates that may cause bloating or gastrointestinal upset if overfed. Sheep generally tolerate brassicas well, but gradual introduction is recommended.
Suitable: Leaves, Young flower buds
Risk parts: Tough, woody stalks
Sheep
Lavender flowers and young leaves can be given in small amounts as treats for sheep. Older, woody plant parts and essential oil should be avoided as they can cause gastrointestinal upset. No specific toxicity data for sheep, but a conservative assessment based on general plant knowledge and the essential oils present.
Suitable: Flowers, Young leaves
Risk parts: Older, woody plant parts
Sheep
Brassica juncea is a brassica and can contain glucosinolates, which may cause gastrointestinal upset if consumed excessively, especially raw. Large quantities can also affect thyroid function. Cooked leaves in moderation are suitable for sheep as part of their diet. Seeds should be avoided.
Suitable: leaves (in moderation, cooked)
Risk parts: seeds, large quantities of raw leaves
Sheep
No direct species-specific source was found for sheep. This is a cautious inference from the goats profile and the known plant-part risks.
Suitable: Leaves, Young shoots, Ripe pseudo-fruits
Risk parts: Roots, Green (unripe) fruits, Seeds (in large quantities)
Sheep
No direct species-specific source was found for sheep. This is a cautious inference from the goats profile and the known plant-part risks.
Suitable: Seeds (cooked)
Risk parts: Raw seeds, Leaves, Stems
Sheep
No direct species-specific source was found for sheep. This is a cautious inference from the goats profile and the known plant-part risks.
Suitable: leaves, stems
Risk parts: seeds
Sheep
May turnips are non-toxic for sheep and can serve as a forage crop. Young turnips and leaves are digestible and palatable. Older or bolted plants can become woody and bitter, reducing palatability but not posing a toxicity risk. As with all Brassica species, excessive feeding should be avoided to prevent digestive issues.
Suitable: Root (turnip), Leaves (young)
Risk parts: Older, woody turnips, Flower stalks (after bolting)
Sheep
The fruit of the medlar tree is suitable for sheep in small amounts as a treat after bletting. The seeds contain cyanogenic glycosides and should not be consumed. Overconsumption may cause gastrointestinal upset.
Suitable: Fruit (after bletting)
Risk parts: Seeds
Sheep
Flowers and leaves of Mesembryanthemum crystallinum are suitable for sheep in small amounts as an occasional treat. Seeds should be avoided as their safety profile is unclear. No known toxic compounds or symptoms from leaf or flower consumption. For seed ingestion, observe and contact vet if symptoms occur.
Suitable: Flowers, Leaves
Risk parts: Seeds
Sheep
Mizuna is safe for sheep in moderation. Young leaves and stems are edible and well-tolerated. Due to high water and fiber content, it should only be given as supplemental feed to avoid digestive issues. No known toxic compounds in edible parts.
Suitable: Leaves, Young stems
Sheep
Young leaves and shoot tips are suitable for sheep after blanching and are occasionally used as supplemental feed. Mature parts and seeds contain higher concentrations of oxalic acid and saponins, which can cause health issues if consumed excessively. Blanching significantly reduces oxalic acid content.
Suitable: Young leaves, Tender shoot tips
Risk parts: Tough, woody stems, Mature fruits (seed capsules)
Sheep
No direct species-specific source was found for sheep. This is a cautious inference from the goats profile and the known plant-part risks.
Suitable: Root
Risk parts: Foliage (especially older), Flower stalks
Sheep
No direct species-specific source was found for sheep. This is a cautious inference from the goats profile and the known plant-part risks.
Suitable: Seeds, Pods (sugar peas only), Young shoot tips, Flowers
Risk parts: Old, fibrous pods (shelling peas), Roots
Sheep
Peanut kernels can be given to sheep as an occasional protein-rich supplement, but only in small amounts due to high fat and allergenic potential. Mold contamination leads to aflatoxin formation, which is highly toxic. Shells and foliage are not recommended due to possible contamination and lower digestibility. No indications of direct toxicity of plant material to sheep from fresh, mold-free kernels in moderation…
Suitable: Seeds (kernels)
Risk parts: Shell, Foliage
Sheep
Pointed cabbage is safe for sheep in moderation. The leaves and head can be given as supplemental feed, but overconsumption may cause flatulence due to mustard oils. The core should be removed due to its fibrousness.
Suitable: head, leaves
Sheep
Radicchio is generally safe for sheep in moderation. The leaves are edible and contain intybin, which aids digestion. Overconsumption may cause bloat due to high water and fiber content. No known severe toxicities documented for sheep. Suitable as part of a varied diet.
Suitable: Leaves
Sheep
Radish is generally safe for sheep, but high consumption can cause stomach irritation.
Suitable: Root tuber, Young leaves, Seed pods, Flowers
Risk parts: Old, woody leaves
Sheep
Roots are safe in moderation; leaves contain glucosinolates and may cause gastrointestinal upset if consumed excessively.
Suitable: Root
Risk parts: Leaves
Sheep
Currant fruits are safe for sheep in moderation and are readily consumed. Leaves, stems, and roots contain glycosides and may cause gastrointestinal upset if consumed excessively. Suitable as an occasional supplemental feed.
Suitable: Fruit
Risk parts: Leaves, Stems, Roots
Sheep
No direct species-specific source was found for sheep. This is a cautious inference from the cattle profile and the known plant-part risks.
Suitable: Inflorescence (head), Tender inner leaves, Stem (peeled)
Risk parts: Roots, Old, tough outer leaves
Sheep
Root parsley is safe for sheep in moderation, with the root and leaves being suitable for feeding. Seeds and flowering plants contain elevated apiol and myristicin levels and should be avoided, particularly in pregnant sheep due to potential uterine stimulation. Excessive seed consumption may cause gastrointestinal upset.
Suitable: Root, Leaves
Risk parts: Seeds (in large amounts), Flowering plants in second year
Sheep
The fruits are safe for sheep and readily consumed. Leaves and stems contain tannins that may cause gastrointestinal upset if ingested in large quantities. Thorns can cause physical injury but are not toxic.
Suitable: Fruit
Risk parts: Leaves and stems
Sheep
Kohlrabi is generally safe for sheep, with the stem tuber and young leaves being suitable for feeding. Like all cruciferous vegetables, it contains glucosinolates, which in excessive amounts can cause bloating and digestive issues. Not suitable as a primary feed, but acceptable as an occasional treat or supplement. Woody or very old tubers should be avoided due to poor digestibility. Flowering stems are fibrous but…
Suitable: Stem tuber, Young leaves
Sheep
No direct species-specific source was found for sheep. This is a cautious inference from the cattle profile and the known plant-part risks.
Suitable: Leaves, Flowers, Young shoots
Risk parts: Woody stems
Sheep
No direct species-specific source was found for sheep. This is a cautious inference from the goats profile and the known plant-part risks. Edible parts are safe in moderation; avoid old stems.
Suitable: Root, Young shoots, Leaves, Flower buds
Risk parts: Old, woody stems in the second year
Sheep
Savoury is generally considered safe for sheep in normal amounts, particularly young leaves and shoots. Excessive consumption may lead to mild gastrointestinal upset. Roots and woody stems should be avoided.
Suitable: Young leaves, Young shoots
Risk parts: Roots, Woody stems (raw)
Sheep
No direct species-specific source was found for sheep. This is a cautious inference from the cattle profile and the known plant-part risks.
Suitable: Leaves, Head
Sheep
No direct species-specific source was found for sheep. This is a cautious inference from the goats profile and the known plant-part risks.
Suitable: Root
Risk parts: Leaves and stems
Sheep
The edible berries of sea buckthorn are suitable for sheep in small amounts as an occasional treat, but contain high levels of vitamin C and acidity that can cause gastrointestinal upset if overconsumed. Thorns should be removed to prevent physical injury. No known toxic compounds in the edible parts. Not suitable as a primary feed due to acidic taste and low dry matter content.
Suitable: Fruits (berries)
Sheep
Tripmadam (Sedum rupestre) is considered non-toxic and safe for sheep in the usual parts. Young shoots and leaves can be offered as supplemental feed. Roots and flowers are not commonly consumed and are not known to be toxic, but should be avoided due to low nutritional value. Overconsumption may pose a low risk of gastrointestinal upset due to high water and fiber content.
Suitable: Young shoots, Leaves
Sheep
Serviceberry fruits are generally safe for sheep as an occasional treat. Seeds, leaves, and bark contain cyanogenic glycosides that can release cyanide when tissue is damaged, potentially causing poisoning. Monitoring is advised if sheep have access to fallen foliage or fruits with seeds.
Suitable: Fruits
Risk parts: Seeds (contain cyanogenic glycosides), Leaves, Bark
Sheep
Skirret is safe for sheep and can be included in their diet. Young roots and shoots are particularly palatable and nutritious. When foraging wild, there is a risk of confusion with toxic species like Sium latifolium (great water-parsnip), so only cultivated skirret should be used. No known toxic compounds or adverse effects documented in sheep.
Suitable: Roots, Young shoots in spring
Sheep
Processed soybeans are suitable for sheep as a protein-rich supplemental feed, but raw seeds should be avoided due to trypsin inhibitors. Gradual introduction is recommended to prevent digestive issues.
Suitable: Seeds (after processing/cooking)
Risk parts: Raw seeds
Sheep
Leaves and young shoots are safe and nutritious for sheep in moderation. Roots, flower stalks, and seeds contain higher concentrations of oxalic acid and should be avoided. Blanching reduces oxalic acid content.
Suitable: Leaves, young shoots
Risk parts: Roots, Flower stalks, Seeds
Sheep
Stielmus is edible and non-toxic for sheep when young, tender parts are fed. Older, woody stems and seeds should be avoided as they are poorly digestible and may cause bloat if consumed in excess.
Suitable: Stems, Leaves, Young roots
Risk parts: Old, woody stems, Flower stalks (if already bloomed), Seed pods
Sheep
Cooked or roasted nuts from the sweet chestnut are suitable for sheep in small amounts as a treat. Raw nut meat contains tannins that can cause gastrointestinal upset if consumed excessively. Leaves and bark should not be fed. If symptoms such as diarrhea or vomiting occur, a veterinarian should be consulted.
Suitable: Nut (after peeling and cooking/roasting)
Risk parts: Raw nut meat (high tannin content), Leaves, Bark, Cupule (spiny)
Sheep
No direct species-specific source was found for sheep. This is a cautious inference from the cattle profile and the known plant-part risks.
Suitable: Kernels (seeds), Young, immature ears (baby corn)
Risk parts: Husks, Stalks, Dried silks, Central cob core
Sheep
Cooked sweet potato tuber is suitable in small amounts as a treat. Raw tubers or seeds should be avoided. No specific toxicity data found for sheep.
Suitable: tuber (cooked)
Sheep
The fruit of the table grape is safe for sheep in moderation and is readily consumed. Stems and seeds may cause gastrointestinal upset if consumed in excess. Seeds contain tannins that can impair nutrient absorption in large quantities. Ripe grapes are an energy-rich treat. If signs of digestive upset occur, feeding should be reduced and a veterinarian consulted.
Suitable: Fruit (berries)
Risk parts: Stems, Seeds
Sheep
Tatsoi is generally safe for sheep when fed in moderation. Like other brassicas, it contains glucosinolates which can cause mild digestive upset if consumed in excess. Leaves and leaf stalks are the commonly consumed parts.
Suitable: Leaves, Leaf stalks
Sheep
Thyme is safe for sheep in normal amounts and is valued as a forage plant. In very large amounts it may cause mild stomach irritation.
Suitable: Leaves, young shoots, flowers
Risk parts: Woody stems
Sheep
The underground tubers of tiger nut (Cyperus esculentus) are edible for sheep and are occasionally used as a nutritious snack. The green foliage is very fibrous and sharp-edged, which may cause gastrointestinal upset if consumed excessively. No known toxic compounds.
Suitable: Underground tubers
Risk parts: Green foliage (very fibrous and sharp-edged)
Sheep
Ripe tomato fruits are generally safe for sheep as an occasional treat in small amounts. All green parts of the plant contain solanine and can cause gastrointestinal upset if consumed excessively. Sheep may browse plants and should be restricted from accessing unripe plant parts.
Suitable: Fruit (ripe)
Risk parts: Leaves, Stems, Unripe green fruits
Sheep
['Young leaves and shoot tips are safe and nutritious for sheep after heating, blanching, or drying. Old stems are more fibrous and may irritate the digestive tract. Stinging hairs cause skin irritation on contact but are inactivated by heat. Seeds only in small amounts due to possible hormonal effects.']
Suitable: young leaves, shoot tips, seeds in small amounts
Risk parts: old fibrous stems
Sheep
Watercress contains glucosinolates which can cause gastrointestinal upset if consumed in excessive amounts. In very large quantities and with long-term intake, there is a low risk of thyroid dysfunction. Likely safe for sheep in moderate amounts as part of a varied pasture or diet.
Suitable: Leaves, Young shoots
Sheep
Welsh onion (Allium fistulosum) contains mild sulfur-containing compounds that can cause gastrointestinal upset in sheep when consumed in large quantities. The edible parts (leaves, stems, bulb base) are tolerable in moderation but should not be used as a primary feed. When consumed normally as supplemental feed or treat, the risk is low. Excessive consumption may lead to diarrhea and discomfort. No evidence of…
Suitable: Leaves, Stems, Bulb base
Sheep
White cabbage leaves are safe for sheep in moderation. Excessive consumption can lead to bloating and gastrointestinal upset. Roots and core should be avoided.
Suitable: Head (leaves)
Risk parts: Roots, Core
Sheep
No reliable species-specific assessment is available.
Suitable: Leaves, Stems
Risk parts: Flower stems (may be bitter) on older plants, Seeds (not recommended)
Sheep
Ginger rhizome is generally safe for sheep in small amounts and may aid digestion. Large amounts can cause stomach irritation. Other plant parts such as leaves or stems are not typically used in feed and their safety is not established.
Suitable: Rhizome
Sheep
No reliable species-specific assessment is available. Based on general plant toxicity and the presence of cucurbitacins in bitter fruits, a conservative classification of 'safe_in_moderation' for young, non-bitter fruits is made. Excessive consumption or bitter fruits may cause gastrointestinal upset.
Suitable: Young fruits (including skin and soft seeds), Male and female flowers, Young, tender shoot tips
Risk parts: Old, woody stems, Bitter-tasting fruits
Sheep
Lemon balm (Melissa officinalis) is considered non-toxic to sheep. Leaves and young shoots can be fed in moderation as part of a balanced diet. No known toxic compounds or serious side effects with intended use. Mild gastrointestinal upset may occur with overconsumption.
Suitable: Leaves, Young shoots
Sheep
Arugula is non-toxic for sheep and can be fed as part of their diet. It contains valuable nutrients and is generally well-tolerated. As with any feed, a gradual introduction should be made to avoid digestive upset.
Suitable: Leaves, Flowers, Young seed pods
Sheep
No direct species-specific source was found for sheep. This is a cautious inference from the goats profile and the known plant-part risks.
Suitable: Leaves
Sheep
Butterhead lettuce is generally safe for sheep and is accepted as fresh forage. Nitrate can accumulate in leaves if over-fertilized, posing a risk with large quantities. No known toxic compounds in normal amounts.
Suitable: Leaves, Head
Sheep
Chayote is considered safe for sheep in moderation. All parts are edible and non-toxic, but it should only be given as supplemental feed to avoid digestive upset.
Suitable: Fruit, Young shoots, Leaves, Roots
Sheep
Endive is non-toxic to sheep and can be fed as part of a balanced diet. The leaves and heart are edible and well tolerated. Roots and flowering stems should be avoided due to woodiness, but are not toxic.
Suitable: Leaves, Heart
Sheep
Common chickweed (Stellaria media) is safe for sheep and is commonly accepted as a nutritious forage. Young shoots and leaves are particularly palatable and can be fed regularly. No known toxic effects under normal feeding conditions.
Suitable: Young shoots, Leaves
Sheep
Chicory is considered a safe feed for sheep, particularly as part of pasture or hay. It contains no known toxic compounds for ruminants and is commonly used due to its medium nutritional value and palatability. However, sudden diet changes or overfeeding may pose a low risk of bloat, typical of rapidly fermentable forages. A gradual introduction is recommended.
Suitable: whole plant, leaves, stems, roots
Sheep
Hazelnut is a common forage for sheep. Leaves and twigs are well-tolerated. Nuts can be fed in moderation, but excessive consumption may lead to digestive upset. There are no known toxic compounds.
Suitable: Leaves, Twigs, Nuts (in moderation)
Sheep
Corn salad is safe for sheep and valued as nutritious green forage. Leaves and flowers can be fed regularly. Roots and seeds should not be fed as they may be poorly digested.
Suitable: Leaves, Flowers
Sheep
Cutting lettuce is safe for sheep and is commonly accepted as fresh green forage. All parts are edible and non-toxic. If the plant bolts prematurely, leaves may become bitter, reducing palatability but posing no health risk. As with any fresh feed, gradual introduction is recommended to avoid digestive upset.
Suitable: Leaves
Sheep
Dandelion is safe for sheep and is commonly used as a forage plant. All parts are edible and nutritious.
Suitable: Leaves, Flowers, Roots
Sheep
Ground elder is generally accepted as safe forage for sheep. Young shoots are particularly palatable and nutritious. Risk of confusion with poisonous Apiaceae exists, so ensure positive identification before feeding.
Suitable: Leaves, Stems, Flowers
Sheep
Kale is generally safe and nutritious for sheep but should be fed in moderation due to bloat and potential goitrogenic risk. Young leaves are preferred.
Suitable: Leaves, Young shoots, Flower buds
Sheep
Napa cabbage (Chinakohl) is suitable as feed for sheep and is considered non-toxic. It causes less bloating than other brassicas and is very easily digestible. Leaves, leaf ribs, and the heart can be fed regularly as part of a balanced diet. Roots should be avoided as they are not typically consumed and may be harder to digest. Overconsumption may lead to mild bloating, but serious poisoning symptoms are not…
Suitable: Leaves, Leaf ribs, Heart
Sheep
Romaine lettuce is safe for sheep and can be fed as part of their diet. Nitrate may accumulate if over-fertilized, posing a risk only at very high intakes. Normal feeding is safe.
Suitable: Leaves, Tender inner stalk
Sheep
The public evidence for this combination is not strong enough.
17 Plants
Sheep
Leaves and flowers are suitable for sheep in moderation. Seeds contain essential oils that may cause gastrointestinal upset if consumed in large quantities. No indications of severe toxicity from usual feeding of green parts.
Sheep
The fruit is safe for sheep as an occasional treat. Raw leaves and stems may cause gastrointestinal upset if consumed in large quantities.
Sheep
No specific information available for sheep. Rosemary is generally considered safe for most animals when consumed in small amounts, but direct evidence for sheep is lacking.
Sheep
Sugarloaf chicory (Cichorium intybus var. foliosum) is safe for sheep and valued as nutritious winter forage. The leaves are highly digestible and contain beneficial bitter compounds like intybin that stimulate digestion. No known toxic effects in sheep documented.
Guides
Guide
Learn how to design a chicken-friendly garden with suitable plants, protected beds, and well-planned activity areas.
Guide
Keep your garden dog-safe by managing windfall fruit, seeds, stored crops, and potentially problematic plant parts.
Guide
Learn how to identify risks near horse pastures, fences, turnout areas, fruit trees, and garden planting zones.
Guide
Learn how to create a pet-safe herb garden with suitable herbs, thoughtful layouts, and practical maintenance strategies.
Guide
Learn how to grow tomatoes, potatoes, peppers, and eggplants safely in pet-friendly gardens and understand plant-part risks.