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DillAnethum graveolens

Dill (Anethum graveolens) is a popular annual herb prized for its fresh, anise-like flavor. Native to the Eastern Mediterranean and Western Asia, dill is now found worldwide in kitchens and gardens. It is excellent for companion planting and attracts beneficial insects. Harvest is continuous for the leaves or in late summer for the seeds, which can also be used culinarily. Dill is relatively easy to care for but requires a sunny location and well-drained soil.

Dill (Anethum graveolens): plant portrait for plant portrait - Herbs, Celery family, Harvest May, Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct
Dill: plant portrait. harvest: May, Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct.

Quick profile

Key data

Harvest

May, Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct

Water

medium

Good neighbors

CucumberCabbageLettuce

Avoid

FennelCarrots

Growing data

Dill Growing data

Seed depth

1 - 2 cm

Plant spacing

5 - 10 cm

Row spacing

20 - 30 cm

Germination temp

10 - 24 °C

Sowing and germination

Seed depth1 - 2 cm
Germination temp10 - 24 °C
Germination time14 - 21 days
Seed viability2 - 3 years
Light germinatorNo
Dark germinatorYes
Cold germinatorNo
Stratification neededNo
Pre-soaking recommendedNo
Direct sowing possibleYes
Pre-culture recommendedNo

Planting and spacing

Plant spacing5 - 10 cm
Row spacing20 - 30 cm
Plants per m²50 - 80 per m²
Bed widthfrom 60 cm
Spacing16 per square foot

Temperature and site

Soil temperature8 - 15 °C
Growing temperaturefrom 5 °C
Optimal temperature15 - 22 °C
Frost sensitiveYes
Late frost sensitiveYes
Heat tolerancemedium
Cold tolerancelow

Water, nutrients and care

Watermedium
Critical water phasesGermination phase, Flower formation
Watering methodBodenbewässerung
Droughthigh
Waterlogging sensitiveYes
Mulching recommendedYes
Nutrient needmedium_feeder
Compost recommendedYes
Fertilizer sensitivitymedium

Container, support and growth

Container suitableYes
Pot sizeVolume: from 5 l; Recommended: from 10 l; Diameter: from 20 cm; Depth: from 25 cm
SupportNo; 60 - 100 cm
Height60 - 120 cm
Width20 - 40 cm
Root depth30 - 50 cm
Root spread10 - 15 cm
Yield10 - 30 g

Year plan

Dill Calendar

All plants
Indoor sowingDirect sowingPlantingHarvest

Indoor sowing

No data

Pre-culture is not recommended for dill due to its sensitive taproot.

Direct sowing

AprMayJunJul

Successive sowings every 2-4 weeks for continuous harvest.

Planting

No data

Direct sowing preferred.

Harvest

MayJunJulAugSepOct

Harvest leaves before flowering; seeds in late summer when brown.

Year plan
  1. Direct sowing outdoors

Growing

Dill Site, soil and care

Spacing

5 - 10 cm

Storage

Fresh storage method: Refrigerator, Long term storage: Drying, freezing, pickling

Dill is a light germinator; seeds should be lightly covered with soil or pressed in. Early sowing outdoors is possible once severe frosts are no longer expected. Regular watering is important, especially during dry periods, to prevent premature bolting. For a continuous harvest of leaves, successive sowings should be made every 2-4 weeks. Harvesting leaves is best done before flowering, as they can lose flavor afterward. Seed heads for harvesting seeds mature in late summer.

Cultivation timeline for Dill (Anethum graveolens) with sowing, planting, care, and harvest months
Dill: cultivation timeline. calendar: Apr, May, Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct.

Pruning

Dill Pruning

Not applicable

Goal

Not applicable

Tools and hygiene

Use clean tools to prevent disease transmission.

Companion guide

Dill Companion guide

Companion guide

Good neighbors

CucumberCabbageLettuce

Avoid

FennelCarrots

Health

Pests, Diseases

Pests

Aphids

Curled leaves, sticky honeydew.

Diseases

Fusarium wilt

Sudden wilting of shoots despite moist soil.

Deficiencies

Nitrogen deficiency

Pale, yellowish leaves and stunted growth.

Plant health

FAQ

When is the best time to sow dill?

The best time to sow dill outdoors is from April, once severe frosts are no longer expected. For a continuous harvest, you can sow successively every 2-4 weeks.

Why is my dill bolting prematurely?

Premature bolting is often triggered by drought stress, heat, or nutrient deficiency. Ensure consistent watering and a cool location if possible.

Can dill be grown in pots?

Yes, dill can be grown successfully in pots. Choose deep pots (at least 25 cm deep) due to its taproot and ensure good drainage.

Related plants

Fennel

Same family

Both belong to the Apiaceae family.

Parsley

Same family

Both belong to the Apiaceae family.

Coriander

Same crop group

Both are popular annual culinary herbs.

Lettuce

Similar nutrient needs

Both plants have medium nutrient requirements.

Spinach

Similar water needs

Both prefer consistent soil moisture and do not tolerate drought.

Sources

Public sources

  1. Wikidata entity

    Wikidata · 2026-05-12

  2. GBIF species match

    GBIF · 2026-05-12

  3. Deutschsprachige Wikipedia: Dill (Pflanze)

    Wikipedia · 2026-05-12

  4. English Wikipedia: Dill

    Wikipedia · 2026-05-12

  5. Deutschsprachige Wikipedia: Dill (Pflanze)

    Wikipedia · 2026-05-12

Details

More public plant data

Names
Common

Dill

Plural

Dill

BotanicalAnethum graveolens
Botanical authorL.
Scientific synonyms
  1. Anethum arvense
  2. Anethum sowa
  3. Angelica graveolens
  4. Ferula graveolens
  5. Peucedanum anethum
  6. Pastinaca graveolens
  7. Selinum anethum
Synonyms
  1. Garden dill
  2. Dill weed
Common synonyms
  1. Garden dill
  2. Dill weed
Regional names
Historical names
Market names
Misspellings
  1. Dil
International names
Fr
  1. Aneth
Es
  1. Eneldo
It
  1. Aneto
Pl
  1. Koper ogrodowy
Ambiguous names
  1. NameDill
    Languageen
    Shared with
    1. Dill (Surname)
    2. Dill (Germany)
    Clarification

    Refers specifically to the culinary herb.

Search terms
  1. Dill
  2. Anethum graveolens
  3. Garden dill
Taxonomy
KingdomPlantae
Clades
  1. Tracheophyta
  2. Angiosperms
  3. Eudicots
  4. Asterids
OrderApiales
Family botanicalApiaceae
Family

Celery family

Family idapiaceae
SubfamilyApioideae
TribeApieae
GenusAnethum
SpeciesAnethum graveolens
Hybrid statusnot_hybrid
Related crops
  1. Foeniculum vulgare
  2. Petroselinum crispum
  3. Coriandrum sativum
Classification
Main groupHerbs
Sub groupCulinary Herbs
Crop groupLeafy Herbs
Life cycleAnnual
Perennialno
Woodyno
Treeno
Shrubno
Edible parts
  1. Leaves
  2. Seeds
  3. Flowers
Nutrient groupMedium feeder
Calendar
Sowing indoor
Notes

Pre-culture is not recommended for dill due to its sensitive taproot.

Sowing outdoor
Months
  1. 4
  2. 5
  3. 6
  4. 7
Earliest month4
Latest month7
Notes

Successive sowings every 2-4 weeks for continuous harvest.

Planting out
Notes

Direct sowing preferred.

Harvest
Months
  1. 5
  2. 6
  3. 7
  4. 8
  5. 9
  6. 10
Earliest month5
Latest month10
Notes

Harvest leaves before flowering; seeds in late summer when brown.

Month tasks
3
  1. Prepare bed and remove weeds.

4
  1. First direct sowing outdoors.

5
  1. Perform succession sowing; water young plants during drought.

6
  1. Continuous harvest of fresh tips.

7
  1. Last sowing for autumn harvest.

8
  1. Harvest dill umbels for pickling cucumbers.

9
  1. Collect seed heads for seed saving.

10
  1. Final harvest before frost; clear beds.

Month tasks structured
4
  1. Tasksowing
    Label

    Direct sowing outdoors

    Priorityhigh
    Months
    1. 4
    2. 5
    3. 6
    4. 7
    Notes

    Sow in rows, barely cover with soil.

Book content
Overview

Dill (Anethum graveolens) is a popular annual herb prized for its fresh, anise-like flavor. Native to the Eastern Mediterranean and Western Asia, dill is now found worldwide in kitchens and gardens. It is excellent for companion planting and attracts beneficial insects. Harvest is continuous for the leaves or in late summer for the seeds, which can also be used culinarily. Dill is relatively easy to care for but requires a sunny location and well-drained soil.

Structured month tasks
4
  1. Tasksowing
    Label

    Start sowing

    Prioritymedium
    Months
    1. 4
    Notes

    Soil temperature should be above 10°C.

Cultivation specs
Seed
Seed depth cm min.1
Seed depth cm max.2
Light germinatorno
Dark germinatoryes
Cold germinatorno
Stratification neededno
Pre soaking recommendedno
Germination temperature c min.10
Germination temperature c max.24
Germination days min.14
Germination days max.21
Seed lifespan years min.2
Seed lifespan years max.3
Direct sowing possibleyes
Pre culture recommendedno
Spacing
Plant spacing cm min.5
Plant spacing cm max.10
Row spacing cm min.20
Row spacing cm max.30
Recommended density per sqm min.50
Recommended density per sqm max.80
Thinning distance10 cm
Min. bed width60 cm
Square foot gardening spacing16 per square foot
Spacing notes

Sow more densely for leaf harvest, leave more space for seed harvest.

Growth dimensions
Height cm min.60
Height cm max.120
Width cm min.20
Width cm max.40
Root depth cm min.30
Root depth cm max.50
Root spread cm min.10
Root spread cm max.15
Growth speedfast
Final size notes

Develops a deep taproot and a tall, airy structure.

Temperature
Min. growing temperature5 °C
Optimal temperature c min.15
Optimal temperature c max.22
Max. heat tolerance30 °C
Soil temperature for sowing c min.8
Soil temperature for sowing c optimal15
Frost sensitiveyes
Late frost sensitiveyes
Heat tolerancemedium
Cold tolerancelow
Temperature notes

Sensitive to severe late frosts; heat encourages bolting.

Water
Water needmedium
Critical water phases
  1. Germination phase
  2. Flower formation
Drought tolerantno
Drought sensitivityhigh
Waterlogging sensitiveyes
Mulching recommendedyes
Water notes

Consistent moisture is important, avoid waterlogging.

Nutrition
Nutrient groupmedium_feeder
Heavy feederno
Medium feederyes
Light feederno
Nitrogen needmedium
Phosphorus needmedium
Potassium needmedium
Calcium needmedium
Magnesium needlow
Compost recommendedyes
Mulching recommendedyes
Fertilizer sensitivitymedium
Nutrition notes

Do not use fresh manure; compost is ideal.

Container
Container suitableyes
Min. pot volume5 l
Recommended pot volume10 l
Min. pot depth25 cm
Min. pot diameter20 cm
Plants per container min.3
Plants per container max.5
Drainage requiredyes
Repotting neededno
Container notes

Choose deep pots due to the taproot.

Support
Needs supportno
Support recommendedyes
Climbingno
Viningno
Trellis recommendedno
Support types
  1. stake
Support height cm min.60
Support height cm max.100
Training requiredno
Support notes

Tall plants may collapse in wind; protection or stakes advisable.

Cultivation modes
Outdoor bed suitableyes
Raised bed suitableyes
Container suitableyes
Balcony suitableyes
Greenhouse suitableyes
Polytunnel suitableyes
Indoor suitableno
Windowsill suitableyes
Hydroponic possibleyes
Permaculture suitableyes
No dig suitableyes
Yield density
Yield per plant min.10
Yield per plant max.30
Yield unitg
Yield per sqm min.200
Yield per sqm max.500
Yield reliabilitymedium
Yield notes

Yield varies significantly depending on harvest time (leaf vs. seed).

Site
Exposure

Full sun to partial shade

Wind protection

Wind protection required

Soil
Type

Permeable, humic, medium-heavy

PH range6.0 - 7.5
Watering
Description

Never let soil dry out completely, especially during germination.

Nutrition
Description

Medium feeder; benefits from well-rotted compost before sowing.

Cultivation planning
Succession sowing
Possibleyes
Interval days min.14
Interval days max.28
Bed planning notes

Do not plant next to fennel (risk of cross-pollination); good neighbors are cucumbers and cabbage.

Rotation prioritymedium
Interplanting potentialhigh
Mechanization relevancelow
Crop rotation
Rotation break years4
Successors
  1. Lettuce
  2. Cucumbers
  3. Onions
Predecessors
  1. Potatoes
  2. Legumes
Notes

Dill should not follow other members of the celery family (Apiaceae) to prevent soil exhaustion and disease buildup.

Deficiencies
Nitrogen
Name

Nitrogen deficiency

Symptoms

Pale, yellowish leaves and stunted growth.

Problems
Bolting
Name

Premature bolting

Cause

Drought stress or excessively high temperatures.

Problem management
Common pest groups
  1. Sucking insects
  2. Cutworms
Common disease groups
  1. Wilt diseases
  2. Downy mildew
Prevention principles
  1. Maintain crop rotation
  2. Consistent water supply
  3. Avoid waterlogging
Diagnosis notes

Dill is sensitive to soil issues; wilting is often a sign of root pathogens.

Disease graph
Scopecommon_ailments
Profiles
  1. Slugdill_wilt
    Severityhigh
    Conditions
    1. Waterlogged soils
    2. Lack of crop rotation
    Affected parts
    1. Roots
    2. Stems
    Prevention
    1. Site rotation
    2. Soil aeration
    Organic control
    1. Removal of infected plants
Diagnostic rules
  1. Symptom

    Yellow leaf tips

    Possible causes
    1. drought
    2. nitrogen_deficiency
    First checks
    1. Check soil moisture
    2. Review fertilization
Prevention strategy
Cultural
  1. Thin sowing for good air circulation
Monitoring
  1. Weekly check for aphids
Organic first response
  1. Nettle water for aphid infestation
Notes

Healthy soil is the best prevention.

Diagnosis
Phenology
Stages
  1. Germination
  2. Leaf development
  3. Bolting (stem elongation)
  4. Flower bud formation
  5. Flowering
  6. Fruit development (seed ripening)
  7. Senescence
Notes

Dill grows very rapidly and tends to bolt prematurely under drought stress or heat.

Flowering pollination
Flowering period

June to August

Flower color

Yellow

Flower type

Compound umbel

Harvest
Harvest parts
  1. Leaf tips
  2. Flower heads
  3. Seeds
Main harvest season

May to October

Harvest details
Harvest frequency

Continuous for leaves; single event for matured seed umbels.

Harvest indicators
  1. Leaves have reached approximately 15-20 cm in height
  2. Umbels for pickling: When flowers are fully open
  3. Seeds: When umbels turn brown
Post harvest handling

Use fresh dill immediately or store in a damp cloth in the refrigerator.

Storage
Fresh storage method

Refrigerator

Long term storage

Drying, freezing, pickling

Storage details
General storage category

Short-lived fresh produce or dried spice

Storage life

Fresh: 2-3 days; Dried: 1-2 years; Frozen: 6-12 months

Processing options
  1. Freezing (preserves aroma better than drying)
  2. Drying seeds in an airy location
  3. Infusing in vinegar or oil
Processing use
Primary use

Culinary and medicinal herb

Industrial use

Production of dill oil for the food industry

Kitchen usage
Culinary applications
  1. Fish dishes
  2. Cucumber salads and pickles
  3. Yogurt or cream-based sauces
  4. Potato dishes
Flavor profile

Anise-like, fresh, slightly sweet

Safety and edibility
Edible parts
  1. Leaves
  2. Seeds
  3. Flowers
  4. Tender stems
Inedible or caution parts
  1. Coarse, woody stems
Toxicity notes

Non-toxic. Contact with plant sap combined with UV light may cause phototoxicity in rare cases.

Raw consumption

Excellent for raw consumption, especially the young tips.

Seed saving
Isolation distance meters500
Seed typeorthodox
Harvest method

Cut entire umbels once seeds are brown and dry.

Seed saving advanced
Cross pollination risk

High when fennel is flowering at the same time.

Cleaning method

Shaking umbels into a bucket, screening out coarse debris.

Woody crop details
Rootstock relevanceNot applicable
Renewal pruning relevanceNot applicable
Notes

Dill is not a woody plant and therefore has no specific details for this category.

Ecology
Pollinator valuehigh
Wildlife valuemedium
Biodiversity notes

Dill flowers are an important food source for many beneficial insects, including hoverflies, bees, and various beetle species. The seeds provide food for birds.

Practical notes

Dill is a light germinator; seeds should be lightly covered with soil or pressed in. Early sowing outdoors is possible once severe frosts are no longer expected. Regular watering is important, especially during dry periods, to prevent premature bolting. For a continuous harvest of leaves, successive sowings should be made every 2-4 weeks. Harvesting leaves is best done before flowering, as they can lose flavor afterward. Seed heads for harvesting seeds mature in late summer.

Seasonal content
Spring

Begin sowing dill outdoors as soon as the soil has warmed. Plan for early successive sowings for continuous harvest.

Summer

Harvest fresh dill leaves continuously. Ensure adequate watering to prevent bolting. Harvest dill umbels for pickling.

Autumn

Collect dill seeds as the umbels turn brown. The last leaves can be harvested before the first frost.

Winter

Dill is an annual herb and does not overwinter outdoors. Seeds can be dried or frozen indoors.