GarlicAllium sativum

Garlic

Garlic

1. Allium sativum var. controversum
2. Porrum ophioscorodon
3. Allium sativum var. subrotundum
4. Allium pekinense
5. Allium ophioscorodon
6. Allium sativum var. ophioscorodon
7. Allium sativum f. sagittatum
8. Allium sativum f. vulgare
9. Allium scorodoprasum var. multibulbillosum
10. Allium sativum subsp. ophioscorodon
11. Allium sativum var. pekinense
12. Allium scorodoprasum var. viviparum
13. Porrum sativum
14. Allium sativum subsp. controversum
15. Allium controversum
16. Allium sativum f. asiae-mediae
17. Allium sativum var. vulgare
18. Allium sativum subsp. subrotundum
19. Allium sativum subsp. asiae-mediae
20. Allium scorodoprasum subsp. viviparum
21. Allium longicuspis
22. Allium sativum f. pekinense

1. garlic plant
2. allium sativum
3. hardneck garlic
4. softneck garlic
5. garlic

1. garlic plant
2. allium sativum
3. hardneck garlic
4. softneck garlic
5. garlic

1. Garlic
2. garlic plant
3. allium sativum
4. hardneck garlic
5. softneck garlic

Amaryllidaceae

1. zwiebel
2. schalotte
3. lauch
4. schnittlauch
5. winterheckzwiebel
6. schnittknoblauch

1. Bulb
2. Leaves
3. Scapes

Garlic is an indispensable crop in any vegetable garden, known for its intense aroma and versatile use in the kitchen. It is relatively easy to care for and rewards the gardener with healthy, aromatic bulbs.

1. Taskplant_cloves

   Label

   Plant summer garlic

   Priorityhigh

   Months

   1. 2
   2. 3
   3. 4

   Conditionfrostfreier Boden

   Estimated effortmedium

   Notes

   Utilize the first frost-free days to plant summer garlic.

1. Taskplant_cloves

   Label

   Plant summer garlic

   Priorityhigh

   Months

   1. 2
   2. 3
   3. 4

   Conditionfrostfreier Boden

   Estimated effortmedium

   Notes

   The main planting time for summer garlic.

2. Tasksoil_care

   Label

   Loosen soil and mulch

   Prioritymedium

   Months

   1. 3
   2. 4

   Conditionnach dem Pflanzen

   Estimated effortmedium

   Notes

   A layer of mulch helps retain moisture and suppress weeds.

1. Taskplant_cloves

   Label

   Plant summer garlic

   Prioritymedium

   Months

   1. 2
   2. 3
   3. 4

   Conditionfrostfreier Boden

   Estimated effortmedium

   Notes

   Last chance for summer garlic planting, resulting in a later harvest.

2. Taskwatering

   Label

   Water regularly

   Prioritymedium

   Months

   1. 4
   2. 5
   3. 6

   Conditionbei Trockenheit

   Estimated effortlow

   Notes

   Especially important during the growth phase.

3. Taskweed_control

   Label

   Weed regularly

   Prioritymedium

   Months

   1. 4
   2. 5
   3. 6

   Conditionnach Bedarf

   Estimated effortlow

   Notes

   Avoid competition from weeds.

1. Taskwatering

   Label

   Water regularly

   Priorityhigh

   Months

   1. 4
   2. 5
   3. 6

   Conditionbei Trockenheit

   Estimated effortlow

   Notes

   Bulb formation begins; sufficient moisture is crucial.

2. Taskweed_control

   Label

   Weed regularly

   Prioritymedium

   Months

   1. 4
   2. 5
   3. 6

   Conditionnach Bedarf

   Estimated effortlow

   Notes

   Keep the bed weed-free.

3. Taskremove_scapes

   Label

   Remove flower stalks (scapes)

   Prioritymedium

   Months

   1. 5
   2. 6

   Conditionbei Hartnackensorten

   Estimated effortlow

   Notes

   Removing the flower stalks (scapes) redirects energy into bulb development.

1. Taskwatering

   Label

   Water regularly

   Priorityhigh

   Months

   1. 4
   2. 5
   3. 6

   Conditionwährend der Knollenentwicklung

   Estimated effortlow

   Notes

   Bulbs need plenty of water now. Reduce watering 2-3 weeks before harvest.

2. Taskharvest

   Label

   Harvest winter garlic

   Priorityhigh

   Months

   1. 6
   2. 7

   ConditionBlätter beginnen zu welken

   Estimated effortmedium

   Notes

   Harvest when the lower leaves turn yellow and the upper leaves are still green.

1. Taskharvest

   Label

   Harvest garlic

   Priorityhigh

   Months

   1. 7
   2. 8

   ConditionBlätter welken

   Estimated effortmedium

   Notes

   Peak time for garlic harvest. Look for wilting leaves.

2. Taskpost_harvest_care

   Label

   Dry and store garlic

   Priorityhigh

   Months

   1. 7
   2. 8

   Conditionnach der Ernte

   Estimated effortmedium

   Notes

   Allow to dry in an airy, shaded place, then store in a cool, dry location.

1. Taskharvest

   Label

   Harvest late summer garlic

   Prioritymedium

   Months

   1. 8

   ConditionBlätter welken

   Estimated effortmedium

   Notes

   Final harvest for summer garlic.

2. Taskpost_harvest_care

   Label

   Dry and store garlic

   Priorityhigh

   Months

   1. 7
   2. 8

   Conditionnach der Ernte

   Estimated effortmedium

   Notes

   Careful drying is crucial for storage longevity.

1. Taskplant_cloves

   Label

   Plant winter garlic

   Priorityhigh

   Months

   1. 9
   2. 10
   3. 11

   ConditionBoden vorbereitet

   Estimated effortmedium

   Notes

   The ideal time to plant winter garlic for an early harvest next year.

2. Tasksoil_preparation

   Label

   Prepare soil

   Priorityhigh

   Months

   1. 9

   Conditionvor dem Pflanzen

   Estimated effortmedium

   Notes

   Loosen the soil deeply and enrich with compost.

1. Taskplant_cloves

   Label

   Plant winter garlic

   Priorityhigh

   Months

   1. 9
   2. 10
   3. 11

   ConditionBoden vorbereitet

   Estimated effortmedium

   Notes

   Good planting time for winter garlic.

2. Taskwinter_protection

   Label

   Mulch for winter protection

   Prioritymedium

   Months

   1. 10
   2. 11

   Conditionnach dem Pflanzen

   Estimated effortlow

   Notes

   A layer of mulch protects the cloves from severe frost and keeps the soil moist.

1. Taskplant_cloves

   Label

   Plant late winter garlic

   Prioritymedium

   Months

   1. 9
   2. 10
   3. 11

   ConditionBoden noch bearbeitbar

   Estimated effortmedium

   Notes

   Winter garlic can still be planted in late autumn as long as the soil is not frozen.

2. Taskwinter_protection

   Label

   Check winter protection

   Prioritylow

   Months

   1. 11
   2. 12

   Conditionvor Wintereinbruch

   Estimated effortlow

   Notes

   Ensure the mulch layer is sufficient.

1. Taskwinter_protection

   Label

   Check winter protection

   Prioritylow

   Months

   1. 11
   2. 12

   Conditionbei Bedarf

   Estimated effortlow

   Notes

   Additional cover may be beneficial during severe frost.

1. Full sun

1. Sheltered
2. Moderate wind

A sunny location is crucial for good bulb development. Good air circulation helps prevent fungal diseases.

1. Loamy-sandy
2. Humus-rich

1. Loose
2. Crumbly

Garlic prefers deep, loose, and well-drained soils. Heavy, waterlogged soils must be avoided as they lead to rot.

Regularly during the growth phase, reduce before harvest

Ground-level watering

Consistent water supply is crucial, especially during bulb formation. Waterlogging is garlic's biggest enemy.

Basic fertilization with compost before planting; light top dressing in spring if needed

Garlic is a medium feeder. Over-fertilization with nitrogen leads to excessive foliage and small bulbs. Fresh manure should be avoided.

Garlic should not be grown in beds where other alliums have been grown in the last 3-4 years. Good preceding crops include legumes or cucurbits.

1. Legumes
2. Cucurbits
3. Lettuce
4. Spinach

1. Other alliums (onions, leeks, chives)
2. Potatoes

1. Heavy feeders (e.g., cabbage, tomatoes)
2. Cucurbits

1. Other alliums

Garlic should not be grown in the same bed or after other alliums for at least 4 years to prevent the spread of soil-borne diseases and pests.

1. Slugstickstoffmangel

   Name

   Nitrogen Deficiency

   Symptoms

   1. General lightening and yellowing of older leaves, starting at the tips
   2. Severely stunted growth
   3. Small, pale bulbs

   Causes

   1. Nutrient-poor soil
   2. Leaching due to heavy rain
   3. Insufficient organic matter

   Remedies

   1. Organic fertilizers (compost, horn meal)
   2. Liquid fertilizers with nitrogen (e.g., nettle slurry)

   Severitymedium
2. Slugkaliummangel

   Name

   Potassium Deficiency

   Symptoms

   1. Yellow-brown margins on older leaves, later becoming necrotic
   2. Weak plants
   3. Poor bulb development and storage quality

   Causes

   1. Potassium-poor soil
   2. Imbalance with other nutrients

   Remedies

   1. Potassium-rich organic fertilizers (wood ash, comfrey slurry)
   2. Sulphate of potash

   Severitymedium
3. Slugschwefelmangel

   Name

   Sulfur deficiency

   Symptoms

   1. General lightening of younger leaves (similar to nitrogen deficiency, but on young leaves)
   2. Severely stunted growth
   3. Reduced flavor development of bulbs

   Causes

   1. Sulfur-poor soil
   2. Low humus content

   Remedies

   1. Organic fertilizers (compost, manure)
   2. Epsom salts (magnesium sulfate) can help if magnesium is also deficient

   Severitylow

1. Slugkleine_knollen

   Name

   Small bulbs

   Causes

   1. Lack of water during bulb formation
   2. Nutrient deficiency (especially potassium and phosphorus)
   3. Too much nitrogen (promotes leaf growth over bulb)
   4. Too close spacing
   5. Premature harvest
   6. Shade

   Solutions

   1. Consistent watering
   2. Balanced fertilization
   3. Correct spacing
   4. Harvest at the right time
   5. Sunny location

   Severitymedium
2. Slugaufgeplatzte_knollen

   Name

   Splitting bulbs

   Causes

   1. Irregular watering (drought followed by heavy moisture)
   2. Late harvest

   Solutions

   1. Consistent watering
   2. Harvest at the right time (when lower leaves yellow)

   Severitylow
3. Slugfaule_knollen

   Name

   Rotting bulbs

   Causes

   1. Waterlogging
   2. Heavy, impermeable soils
   3. Fungal diseases (e.g., white rot, Penicillium rot)
   4. Damage to bulbs during planting or cultivation

   Solutions

   1. Ensure good soil drainage
   2. Use loose, humus-rich soil
   3. Crop rotation
   4. Careful handling of bulbs

   Severityhigh
4. Slugvorzeitiges_schossen

   Name

   Premature bolting

   Causes

   1. Stress due to temperature fluctuations (especially for winter garlic)
   2. Planting cloves that are too small
   3. Certain varieties are more prone to bolting

   Solutions

   1. Plant large, healthy cloves
   2. Choose suitable varieties
   3. Create consistent growing conditions
   4. Remove flower stalks (scapes) as soon as they appear

   Severitymedium

1. Flies (onion fly)
2. Thrips (onion thrips)
3. Nematodes (stem nematode)

1. Fungal diseases (rust, downy mildew, white rot, Penicillium rot)

1. Adhere to a wide crop rotation (at least 4 years, 8-10 years for white rot)
2. Use healthy, certified planting material
3. Ensure good soil drainage and loose soil structure
4. Adequate plant spacing for good air circulation
5. Balanced nutrient supply, avoid nitrogen excess
6. Regular weed control
7. Removal and proper disposal of infected plant debris (do not compost)

Look for leaf discolorations (yellow, brown, silvery), wilting or distorted shoots, visible fungal growth or pests, and soft or rotting bulbs. Early diagnosis is crucial for successful control.

1. Slugweissfaeule

   Severityhigh

   Conditions

   1. Cool, moist soils
   2. High humidity
   3. Soil contamination by sclerotia

   Affected parts

   1. Roots
   2. Bulb base
   3. Leaves (wilting)

   Prevention

   1. Very long crop rotation (8-10 years)
   2. Healthy planting material
   3. Soil hygiene

   Organic control

   1. Remove infected plants with soil and dispose of
   2. Soil solarization
2. Slugknoblauchrost

   Severitymedium

   Conditions

   1. Humid, warm weather
   2. High humidity
   3. Poor air circulation

   Affected parts

   1. Leaves
   2. Stems

   Prevention

   1. Adequate plant spacing
   2. Good air circulation
   3. Avoid overhead watering
   4. Resistant varieties

   Organic control

   1. Remove affected leaves
   2. Horsetail decoction
   3. Plant strengthening
3. Slugfalscher_mehltau

   Severitymedium

   Conditions

   1. Cool, moist conditions
   2. High humidity
   3. Dew on leaves

   Affected parts

   1. Leaves

   Prevention

   1. Good air circulation
   2. Avoid overhead watering
   3. Crop rotation
   4. Healthy planting material

   Organic control

   1. Remove infected plants
   2. Plant fortifiers

1. Symptom

   Leaves turn yellow and wilt, starting at the tip or base.

   Possible causes

   1. stickstoffmangel
   2. wassermangel
   3. zwiebelfliege
   4. weissfaeule
   5. knoblauchrost
   6. falscher_mehltau

   First checks

   1. Check soil moisture
   2. Examine leaves for pustules or growth
   3. Check bulb base for rot
2. Symptom

   White, cottony fungal growth at the bulb base, bulbs rotting.

   Possible causes

   1. weissfaeule
   2. faule_knollen

   First checks

   1. Carefully dig up plant and check bulb base
   2. Look for small black sclerotia
3. Symptom

   Orange-brown pustules on leaves and stems.

   Possible causes

   1. knoblauchrost

   First checks

   1. Examine leaves closely, especially in humid weather
4. Symptom

   Silvery spots/streaks on leaves, distorted growth.

   Possible causes

   1. zwiebelthrips

   First checks

   1. Check leaves for small, mobile insects (use a magnifying glass)
5. Symptom

   Leaves and stems thickened or swollen, bulbs rotting from the inside.

   Possible causes

   1. stangelaelchen

   First checks

   1. Dig up plant and check bulb and roots for damage

1. Clove planting
2. Leaf growth
3. Bulb formation
4. Scape development (for hardneck varieties)
5. Maturation and leaf senescence
6. Harvest

After planting, garlic undergoes a vegetative growth phase, followed by bulb formation. Hardneck varieties produce a flower stalk (scape), which can be removed to promote bulb development.

May - July (for hardneck varieties, if scapes are not removed)

Small, whitish-green to pink flowers in a spherical umbel, often interspersed with small bulbils.

Most garlic varieties, especially commercially available ones, propagate vegetatively via cloves and rarely or never produce viable seeds. Hardneck varieties produce flower stalks (scapes) with bulbils that can be used for propagation.

1. 6
2. 7
3. 8

1. Bulbs
2. Leaves
3. Flower stalks (Scapes)

Young leaves can be harvested in spring as green garlic. Flower stalks (scapes) from hardneck varieties are harvested in late spring/early summer before they fully uncurl, to promote bulb development. The main bulb is harvested when the lower leaves turn yellow and the upper leaves are still partially green.

Leaves and scapes as needed; bulbs once annually

1. Lower leaves turn yellow and begin to bend over
2. Upper leaves are still partially green
3. For scapes: stalk begins to curl or unroll

After harvest, carefully pull or dig the bulbs from the soil. Roughly remove soil, but do not wash. Allow garlic to dry (cure) in an airy, shaded place (e.g., under a roof overhang) for 2-4 weeks until the outer wrappers are dry and the stalks rustle. Afterwards, roots and excess leaves can be trimmed.

Store in a cool, dry, dark place, ideally hanging in nets or braids for good air circulation.

6-12 months, depending on variety and curing

Proper curing after harvest is crucial for storage longevity. High humidity or warmth will shorten storage time and can lead to sprouting or rotting.

Cool, dry storage

6-12 months (whole bulbs, well-cured)

1. Freezing (chopped or as a paste)
2. Drying (as granules or powder)
3. Preserving in oil (short-term, refrigerate)
4. Fermenting
5. Pickling

1. Use fresh
2. Drying
3. Powdering
4. Pickling
5. Fermenting
6. Roasting

Garlic can be processed in various ways to extend its shelf life or achieve new flavor profiles. When preserving in oil, ensure proper hygiene to avoid botulism; always refrigerate and consume quickly.

1. Seasoning dishes
2. Raw in salads and dips
3. Cooked in sauces, soups, stews
4. Fried or roasted as a side dish
5. Ingredient in marinades and spice blends

Pungent, spicy, aromatic, sweet and mild when cooked

Garlic is a versatile seasoning in many cuisines worldwide. It is most pungent raw, developing a milder, sweeter note when cooked or roasted. Young leaves and scapes can be used like chives.

1. Bulbs (cloves)
2. Young leaves
3. Flower stalks (scapes)
4. Bulbils

Garlic is toxic to dogs, cats, horses, and some other animals, and can lead to anemia. For humans, it is safe in normal quantities, but excessive consumption can cause gastrointestinal discomfort.

Yes, very common and popular, especially in dips, salads, and as a spread.

Garlic is generally not propagated from seeds, as the flowers are often sterile or only produce bulbils. Propagation occurs vegetatively via the cloves of the bulb or via bulbils.

True seeds are extremely rare and found only in a few varieties under specific conditions. Propagation via cloves or bulbils is the common and reliable method to obtain true-to-type plants.

1. Sterility of flowers
2. Low viability of rare seeds
3. Long development time from seed to harvestable bulb (several years)

1. Propagation via cloves (vegetative)
2. Propagation via bulbils (small bulbs from the flower head)

For home gardeners, propagation via cloves or bulbils is the only practical method. Bulbils take 2-3 years to form harvestable bulbs, while cloves produce a bulb in one season.

Garlic is a herbaceous plant and has no relevant details regarding woody pruning, grafting, or specific training systems.

Garlic flowers may be visited by insects, but contribute little to pollination due to often sterile flowers and vegetative propagation. Garlic is unsuitable or even toxic for many wild animals.