Common WalnutJuglans regia

Common Walnut

Common Walnuts

1. common walnut
2. Old World Walnut
3. Walnut
4. Persian Walnut
5. English Walnut

1. common walnut
2. Old World Walnut
3. Walnut
4. Persian Walnut
5. English Walnut

1. Welschnuss
2. Baumnuss

1. Walnut
2. Common Walnut
3. Persian Walnut
4. English Walnut
5. Juglans regia

1. Tracheophytes
2. Angiosperms
3. Eudicots
4. Rosids

Walnut family

1. Fruit (nut)

The Common Walnut tree (Juglans regia) is an impressive deciduous tree valued for its nutritious nuts and valuable wood. It prefers sunny locations and deep soils. Harvesting takes place in autumn, and the nuts have versatile uses. Walnut trees can live to a great age and require ample space.

1. TaskBoden vorbereiten und Walnüsse direkt säen.

   Label

   Prepare soil and sow walnuts directly

   Priorityhigh

   Months

   1. 3

   ConditionBoden ist bearbeitbar und hat sich erwärmt.

   Estimated effortmedium

   Notes

   Choose a well-draining location.

2. TaskJungpflanzen pflanzen.

   Label

   Plant young trees

   Prioritymedium

   Months

   1. 3

   ConditionKein Frost.

   Estimated effortmedium

   Notes

   Ensure adequate planting distance.

1. TaskJungpflanzen pflanzen.

   Label

   Plant young trees

   Prioritymedium

   Months

   1. 4

   ConditionKein Frost.

   Estimated effortmedium

   Notes

   Ensure adequate planting distance.

2. TaskAuf Schädlinge und Krankheiten achten.

   Label

   Monitor for pests and diseases

   Prioritylow

   Months

   1. 4

   ConditionBeginnende Wachstumsperiode.

   Estimated effortlow

   Notes

   Early detection facilitates control.

1. TaskJungpflanzen pflanzen.

   Label

   Plant young trees

   Prioritymedium

   Months

   1. 5

   ConditionKein Frost.

   Estimated effortmedium

   Notes

   Ensure adequate planting distance.

2. TaskBewässerung bei Trockenheit sicherstellen.

   Label

   Ensure watering during dry spells

   Priorityhigh

   Months

   1. 5

   ConditionTrockenheit.

   Estimated effortmedium

   Notes

   Especially important for young trees.

1. TaskBewässerung bei Trockenheit sicherstellen.

   Label

   Ensure watering during dry spells

   Priorityhigh

   Months

   1. 6

   ConditionTrockenheit.

   Estimated effortmedium

   Notes

   Especially important for young trees.

2. TaskAuslichten von übermäßigem Wachstum, falls nötig.

   Label

   Thin out excessive growth if necessary

   Prioritylow

   Months

   1. 6

   ConditionStarkes, unkontrolliertes Wachstum.

   Estimated effortlow

   Notes

   Promotes fruit formation and air circulation.

1. TaskBewässerung bei Trockenheit sicherstellen.

   Label

   Ensure watering during dry spells

   Priorityhigh

   Months

   1. 7

   ConditionTrockenheit.

   Estimated effortmedium

   Notes

   Especially important for young trees.

2. TaskSchutz vor Vogelfraß bei heranreifenden Früchten.

   Label

   Protect ripening fruits from birds

   Prioritymedium

   Months

   1. 7

   ConditionFrüchte beginnen zu reifen.

   Estimated effortmedium

   Notes

   Use nets or other deterrents.

1. TaskSchutz vor Vogelfraß bei heranreifenden Früchten.

   Label

   Protect ripening fruits from birds

   Prioritymedium

   Months

   1. 8

   ConditionFrüchte beginnen zu reifen.

   Estimated effortmedium

   Notes

   Use nets or other deterrents.

2. TaskErste Anzeichen von Reife beobachten.

   Label

   Observe for first signs of ripening

   Prioritylow

   Months

   1. 8

   ConditionSpätsommer.

   Estimated effortlow

   Notes

   The husk begins to change color and open.

1. TaskErnte der Walnüsse beginnen.

   Label

   Begin harvesting walnuts

   Priorityhigh

   Months

   1. 9

   ConditionFruchthüllen platzen auf.

   Estimated efforthigh

   Notes

   Collect nuts from the ground or shake from branches.

2. TaskNüsse trocknen und lagern.

   Label

   Dry and store nuts

   Priorityhigh

   Months

   1. 9

   ConditionNach der Ernte.

   Estimated effortmedium

   Notes

   Store in a well-ventilated, cool place.

1. TaskHaupt-Erntezeit für Walnüsse.

   Label

   Main harvest time for walnuts

   Priorityhigh

   Months

   1. 10

   ConditionHerbst.

   Estimated efforthigh

   Notes

   Continue harvesting and drying.

2. TaskNüsse trocknen und lagern.

   Label

   Dry and store nuts

   Priorityhigh

   Months

   1. 10

   ConditionNach der Ernte.

   Estimated effortmedium

   Notes

   Store in a well-ventilated, cool place.

3. TaskBaumschnitt (formschnitt, Auslichtungsschnitt).

   Label

   Tree pruning (shaping, thinning)

   Prioritymedium

   Months

   1. 10

   ConditionNach der Ernte, vor dem Winter.

   Estimated effortmedium

   Notes

   Remove dead or diseased branches and shape the crown.

1. TaskBaumschnitt (formschnitt, Auslichtungsschnitt).

   Label

   Tree pruning (shaping, thinning)

   Prioritymedium

   Months

   1. 11

   ConditionLaubfall, vor dem Winter.

   Estimated effortmedium

   Notes

   Remove dead or diseased branches and shape the crown.

2. TaskBodenpflege um den Baum.

   Label

   Soil care around the tree

   Prioritylow

   Months

   1. 11

   ConditionHerbst.

   Estimated effortlow

   Notes

   Remove fallen leaves to prevent diseases.

1. TaskBodenpflege um den Baum.

   Label

   Soil care around the tree

   Prioritylow

   Months

   1. 12

   ConditionWinter.

   Estimated effortlow

   Notes

   Remove fallen leaves to prevent diseases.

2. TaskKontrolle auf Schädlinge und Krankheiten im Winter.

   Label

   Check for pests and diseases in winter

   Prioritylow

   Months

   1. 12

   ConditionWinter.

   Estimated effortlow

   Notes

   Identify potential problems for the next spring.

1. loamy
2. sandy_loam
3. clay_loam

Prefers a sunny, sheltered location with deep, nutrient-rich, and well-draining soil. Avoid waterlogging and very windy sites.

1. loamy
2. sandy_loam
3. clay_loam

1. loam
2. sandy loam

Deep, humus-rich, and well-draining soil is ideal. Loamy soils are well-suited as long as waterlogging does not occur.

1. Fruit development

Regular, deep watering is important, especially during dry periods and for young trees. Avoid waterlogging at all costs.

Good nutrient supply promotes fruit production. Compost and well-rotted manure are beneficial. Avoid excessive nitrogen fertilization, which can promote growth at the expense of fruit production.

Due to its size and deep root system, long-term site planning is essential. Walnut trees should not be planted in close proximity to other large trees or buildings.

1. Zinc Deficiency
2. Boron Deficiency
3. Iron Chlorosis

1. Late Frost Damage
2. Waterlogging
3. Sunburn on Bark
4. Poor Fruit Set

1. Fruit flies
2. Weevils
3. Aphids
4. Spider Mites

1. Fungal diseases (leaf spot, anthracnose)
2. Bacterial diseases (bacterial blight)
3. Gall diseases

1. Site selection: Well-draining soil, sunny and sheltered from wind.
2. Variety selection: Prefer more resistant varieties.
3. Hygiene: Remove fallen leaves and infected fruits.
4. Balanced nutrient supply and watering.
5. Regular, professional pruning to promote air circulation.
6. Protect young trees from late frosts.

Look for discolorations, spots, and deformities on leaves, fruits, and shoots. Also check soil conditions and weather patterns.

1. Slugwalnut_husk_fly

   Severityhigh

   Conditions

   1. Humid, warm summers
   2. Late summer to autumn

   Affected parts

   1. Fruit husks
   2. Nut kernel (indirectly)

   Prevention

   1. Grow early varieties
   2. Keep soil around the tree clean
   3. Use yellow sticky traps for monitoring
   4. Cover tree with fine-mesh nets

   Organic control

   1. Immediately remove and destroy infested fruits (do not compost)
   2. Nematodes in soil against larvae (in autumn)
   3. Sprays with neem oil or kaolin (before egg-laying)
2. Slugwalnut_anthracnose

   Severitymedium

   Conditions

   1. Humid weather
   2. High humidity
   3. Warm temperatures

   Affected parts

   1. Leaves
   2. Shoots
   3. Fruit husks

   Prevention

   1. Choose resistant varieties
   2. Remove and destroy fallen leaves
   3. Good air circulation through pruning
   4. Balanced fertilization

   Organic control

   1. Copper preparations (before bud break)
   2. Plant fortifiers
3. Slugbacterial_blight

   Severityhigh

   Conditions

   1. Humid, cool springs
   2. Rain and wind spread bacteria

   Affected parts

   1. Leaves
   2. Flowers
   3. Shoots
   4. Fruit husks
   5. Nut kernels

   Prevention

   1. Plant resistant varieties
   2. Immediately remove and destroy infected plant parts
   3. Avoid injuries to the tree
   4. Disinfect pruning tools

   Organic control

   1. Copper preparations (before and after flowering)
   2. Plant fortifiers

1. Symptom

   Dark, soft spots on green fruit husks, maggots inside the husk

   Possible causes

   1. walnut_husk_fly

   First checks

   1. Check fruit husks for small puncture holes
   2. Check yellow sticky traps in the tree for flies
2. Symptom

   Small, round, later irregular brown spots on leaves that spread; premature leaf drop

   Possible causes

   1. walnut_anthracnose

   First checks

   1. Recent humid weather?
   2. Remove fallen leaves from previous year
3. Symptom

   Black, sunken spots on young leaves, shoots, and fruit husks; flowers die off

   Possible causes

   1. bacterial_blight

   First checks

   1. Cool, humid spring?
   2. Visual inspection for slime or wet spots
4. Symptom

   Yellowish leaves, especially on young shoots, despite adequate moisture

   Possible causes

   1. zinc_deficiency
   2. iron_chlorosis

   First checks

   1. Check soil pH
   2. Consider soil nutrient analysis
5. Symptom

   Dieback of shoot tips, small, deformed leaves, poor fruit development

   Possible causes

   1. boron_deficiency

   First checks

   1. Soil analysis for boron deficiency
   2. Avoid over-fertilization with nitrogen
6. Symptom

   Growths or knotty thickenings at the base of the trunk or on the roots

   Possible causes

   1. crown_gall

   First checks

   1. Check tree for injuries
   2. Inspect planting material for symptoms
7. Symptom

   Dieback of young shoots and flowers after cold spells in spring

   Possible causes

   1. late_frost_damage

   First checks

   1. Check weather history
   2. Check site for wind protection and cold air pockets
8. Symptom

   Wilting leaves, foul smell in root area, tree growth stagnation

   Possible causes

   1. waterlogging

   First checks

   1. Check soil moisture
   2. Assess site drainage

1. Bud break (April-May)
2. Flowering (April-May)
3. Fruit set (May-June)
4. Fruit development (June-August)
5. Husk splitting (September-October)
6. Nut fall (September-October)
7. Leaf fall (October-November)

Exact timings may vary depending on variety, climate, and location. Walnut trees require several years to bear their first fruits and reach full yield only after 10-15 years.

April to May

Monoecious (male and female flowers on the same tree)

Male flowers appear in pendulous catkins, female flowers singly or in small clusters at the shoot tips.

Wind pollination

1. September
2. October

Nuts fall naturally to the ground when ripe. They can also be harvested by shaking branches or using special harvesting poles. It is important to collect nuts quickly from the ground to prevent mold and pest infestation.

From 5th to 10th year after planting, full yields from 10-15 years.

Once annually in autumn.

1. The green husks split open, releasing the nut.
2. Nuts fall naturally to the ground.
3. Nuts have a hard shell and the kernel is well-formed.

After harvesting, nuts should be immediately freed from their green husks (wear gloves, as husks stain). Then wash thoroughly to remove residues and allow to dry in a well-ventilated, dry place (not in direct sunlight) for several weeks until the kernel's moisture content is reduced to about 8-10%. This prevents mold and extends shelf life.

Store dry, cool, and dark. Whole nuts in their shells last the longest.

Dry storage

In shell: 6-12 months at room temperature, up to 2 years in a cool, dry place (e.g., cellar). Shelled: A few weeks at room temperature, several months in the refrigerator, up to 1 year in the freezer.

1. Drying (for long-term storage)
2. Shelling and freezing
3. Pickling green walnuts
4. Pressing into walnut oil
5. Processing into nut butter or paste

Fresh consumption, baking, cooking, oil production.

Green walnuts can be pickled or made into liqueur. The wood of the tree is valuable.

1. Raw as a snack or in salads
2. In baked goods (cakes, bread, cookies)
3. In desserts and ice cream
4. As an ingredient in savory dishes (pesto, stuffings, cheese boards)
5. Walnut oil for salads and dressings
6. Pickled green walnuts as a delicacy

Rich, nutty, slightly bitter, with a characteristic earthy note.

1. Apples, pears, figs
2. Cheese (especially blue cheese)
3. Honey, maple syrup
4. Salads with arugula or lamb's lettuce
5. Poultry and game dishes

1. Fruit (nut kernel)

1. Green fruit husks (staining, contain juglone)
2. Leaves (contain juglone)
3. Roots (contain juglone)

Walnut trees produce juglone, a chemical compound that is toxic to many other plants (especially nightshades) due to allelopathy. Juglone can also stain skin and cause mild irritation in sensitive individuals. However, the nut kernels themselves are safe and edible.

Yes, the nut kernels can be consumed raw.

Walnuts are propagated by sowing whole nuts. It is important to select nuts from healthy, productive trees. The nuts require cold stratification to break dormancy.

Select fully ripe, undamaged nuts that have fallen naturally from the tree. Remove the green husks and clean the nuts thoroughly.

Nuts must be stratified before sowing. This can be done by moist storage at cool temperatures (approx. 2-5°C) for 90-120 days, e.g., in moist sand or peat in the refrigerator, or by direct sowing in autumn.

After cleaning and before stratification, nuts can be stored dry and cool for a short period. For stratification, store moist and cool.

Germination occurs in spring after cold stratification. Germination rates can vary.

Walnuts are cross-pollinated, so seedlings may differ in characteristics from the mother plant. Grafting is required for true-to-type propagation.

Natural stratification can occur through direct sowing in autumn, but nuts are then more susceptible to rodents. For artificial stratification, store nuts in moist substrate (sand, vermiculite) in an airtight container in the refrigerator.

Only use nuts from healthy trees. Before stratification, nuts can be briefly disinfected in a diluted bleach solution to reduce fungal infections.

1. central_leader
2. open_center
3. modified_central_leader

Walnut trees are usually grown from seed or grafted. Choosing the right location is crucial as they grow large and require ample space. Fruit production often begins only after several years.

Walnut trees provide habitat and food for various insects and birds. The nuts are an important food source for squirrels and other small mammals. The leaves can be eaten by various caterpillar species.