Profile

MizunaBrassica rapa subsp. nipposinica

A fast-growing, peppery leafy vegetable from the mustard family, ideal for salads and quick cooking.

Leafy vegetablesAsian greensVegetablesMustard family
CalendarAll data
Mizuna (Brassica rapa subsp. nipposinica): plant portrait for plant portrait - Leafy vegetables, Mustard family, Sun to
Mizuna: plant portrait. harvest: Apr, May, Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct, Nov.

Quick profile

Key data

Planting

Apr, May, Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep

Harvest

Apr, May, Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct, Nov

Light

Sun to partial shade

Water

medium

Good neighbors

StrawberryCucumberCarrotLettuce

Avoid

Cabbage (all types)RadishMustardbroccoli

Growing data

Mizuna Growing data

Seed depth

1 - 2 cm

Plant spacing

15 - 25 cm

Row spacing

20 - 30 cm

Germination temp

10 - 20 °C

Sowing and germination

Seed depth1 - 2 cm
Germination temp10 - 20 °C
Germination time5 - 14 days
Seed viability2 - 4 years
Light germinatorNo
Dark germinatorYes
Cold germinatorNo
Stratification neededNo
Pre-soaking recommendedNo
Direct sowing possibleYes
Pre-culture recommendedYes

Planting and spacing

Plant spacing15 - 25 cm
Row spacing20 - 30 cm
Plants per m²10 - 20 per m²
Bed widthfrom 30 cm
Spacing3-4 plants per square

Temperature and site

Soil temperature10 - 15 °C
Growing temperaturefrom 5 °C
Optimal temperature15 - 22 °C
Frost sensitiveYes
Late frost sensitiveYes
Heat tolerancemedium
Cold tolerancemedium

Water, nutrients and care

Watermedium
Critical water phasesGermination, Leaf growth
Watering methodevenly
Droughtmedium
Waterlogging sensitiveYes
Mulching recommendedYes
Nutrient needmedium_feeder
Compost recommendedYes
Fertilizer sensitivitylow

Container, support and growth

Container suitableYes
Pot sizeVolume: from 5 l; Recommended: from 10 l; Diameter: from 20 cm; Depth: from 15 cm
SupportNo
Height20 - 30 cm
Width20 - 30 cm
Yield0.1 - 0.3 kg

Year plan

Mizuna Calendar

All plants
Indoor sowingDirect sowingPlantingHarvest

Indoor sowing

FebMarAprAugSep

For an early spring or late autumn harvest.

Direct sowing

MarAprMayJunJulAugSep

Direct sowing is possible from the last frost. Spring and autumn sowings are most productive.

Planting

AprMayJunJulAugSep

Seedlings can be transplanted after the last frosts. Ensure adequate watering.

Harvest

AprMayJunJulAugSepOctNov

Harvest from the outside in, or cut whole plants. Regular harvesting encourages new growth.

Year plan
  1. Sow indoors/in greenhouse for early harvest.
  2. Prepare seed trays and soil.
  3. Continue sowing indoors/in greenhouse.
  4. First direct sowing outdoors as soon as soil is workable.
  5. Continue sowing outdoors.
  6. Plant out pre-grown seedlings outdoors.
  7. Continue sowing for continuous harvest.
  8. Plant out seedlings.
  9. Continue sowing for continuous harvest.
  10. Harvest outer leaves.
  11. Continue sowing for continuous harvest.
  12. Harvest outer leaves.
  13. Sow for autumn harvest.
  14. Harvest outer leaves.
  15. Sow for late autumn harvest or overwintering (in mild regions).
  16. Harvest outer leaves.
  17. Continue harvesting as long as temperatures are mild.
  18. Young plants can be protected from light frost with fleece if necessary.

Growing

Mizuna Site, soil and care

Light

Sun to partial shade

Wind

Sheltered

Spacing

15 - 25 cm

Storage

Freshly harvested Mizuna has a short storage life. For longer preservation, processing methods like freezing or drying are possible.

General: Mizuna is a fast-growing, easy-care leafy vegetable well-suited for garden beds, balconies, or even indoors. It prefers cooler weather but can be grown in summer with adequate watering., Sowing: Sow from March indoors or in a greenhouse, and directly outdoors from April. For continuous harvest, sow again every 2-3 weeks., Cultivation: Requires a sunny to partial shade location with loose, nutrient-rich soil. Consistent moisture is important to prevent bolting and bitterness., Harvest: Harvest outer leaves to encourage inner leaf growth, or cut the entire plant. Harvesting is possible from about 4-6 weeks after sowing., Pest disease prevention: Watch out for flea beetles, slugs, and aphids. Good crop rotation and hygiene are important for preventing diseases like clubroot., Container growing: Well-suited for window boxes and pots. Ensure adequate watering and fertilization if necessary.

Pruning

Mizuna Pruning

Not applicable

Goal

Not applicable

Tools and hygiene

Clean tools after use, especially after handling diseased plants.

Companion guide

Mizuna Companion guide

Companion guide

Good neighbors

StrawberryCucumberCarrotLettuceSpinachBeanPeaCorianderMintRosmarinus tomentosusThymusMarigold

Avoid

Cabbage (all types)RadishMustardbroccolikohlrabicauliflower

Health

Pests, Diseases

Plant health

PestsDiseasesDeficiencies

FAQ

When is the best time to sow Mizuna?

The best time to sow Mizuna is in spring (March/April) and late summer/autumn (August/September). It prefers cooler temperatures and can bolt quickly in heat.

How often does Mizuna need to be watered?

Mizuna requires consistent moisture. Keep the soil constantly moist but not waterlogged, especially during dry spells and heat, to prevent bolting and bitterness.

Can Mizuna grow in shade?

Mizuna prefers full sun in spring and autumn. However, in hot summer, it can benefit from partial shade to prevent premature bolting and leaf scorch. Deep shade can slow growth.

What pests most commonly affect Mizuna?

Common pests include flea beetles (causing small holes in leaves), slugs (eating holes and entire leaves), and aphids (sucking plant sap and potentially transmitting viruses).

Related plants

Cabbage

Same family

Both belong to the Brassicaceae family.

Radish

Same family

Both belong to the Brassicaceae family.

Asian Leafy Greens

Same crop group

Mizuna is a typical Asian leafy green.

Clubroot

Shared diseases

Mizuna is susceptible to clubroot, as are other brassicas.

Spinach

Similar nutrient needs

Both are medium feeders and benefit from organic fertilization.

Lettuce

Similar water needs

Both require consistent moisture for tender leaves and to prevent bolting.

Guides

Related guides

Garden guides

Sources

Public sources

  1. Wikidata entity

    Wikidata · 2026-05-14

  2. GBIF species match

    GBIF · 2026-05-14

  3. English Wikipedia: Mizuna

    Wikipedia · 2026-05-14

Details

More public plant data

Names
Common

Mizuna

Plural

Mizunas

BotanicalBrassica rapa subsp. nipposinica
Synonyms
  1. Mizuna
  2. water greens
  3. kyona
  4. Japanese mustard greens
  5. spider mustard
Common synonyms
  1. Mizuna
  2. water greens
  3. kyona
  4. Japanese mustard greens
  5. spider mustard
Regional names
Historical names
Market names
Misspellings
Search terms
  1. Mizuna
  2. Brassica rapa subsp. nipposinica
Taxonomy
KingdomPlantae
Clades
  1. Tracheophytes
OrderBrassicales
Family botanicalBrassicaceae
Family

Mustard family

Family idbrassicaceae
GenusBrassica
SpeciesBrassica rapa
SubspeciesBrassica rapa subsp. nipposinica
Hybrid statusnot_hybrid
Classification
Main groupLeafy vegetables
Sub groupAsian greens
Crop groupVegetable
Life cycleAnnual
Perennialno
Woodyno
Treeno
Shrubno
Edible parts
  1. Leaves
  2. Stems
Nutrient groupLeafy greens
Calendar
Sowing indoor
Months
  1. 2
  2. 3
  3. 4
  4. 8
  5. 9
Earliest month2
Latest month9
Notes

For an early spring or late autumn harvest.

Sowing outdoor
Months
  1. 3
  2. 4
  3. 5
  4. 6
  5. 7
  6. 8
  7. 9
Earliest month3
Latest month9
Notes

Direct sowing is possible from the last frost. Spring and autumn sowings are most productive.

Planting out
Months
  1. 4
  2. 5
  3. 6
  4. 7
  5. 8
  6. 9
Earliest month4
Latest month9
Notes

Seedlings can be transplanted after the last frosts. Ensure adequate watering.

Harvest
Months
  1. 4
  2. 5
  3. 6
  4. 7
  5. 8
  6. 9
  7. 10
  8. 11
Earliest month4
Latest month11
Notes

Harvest from the outside in, or cut whole plants. Regular harvesting encourages new growth.

Month tasks
2

  1. Sow indoors/in greenhouse for early harvest.

  2. Prepare seed trays and soil.

3

  1. Continue sowing indoors/in greenhouse.

  2. First direct sowing outdoors as soon as soil is workable.

  3. Prepare soil: incorporate compost, remove weeds.

4

  1. Continue sowing outdoors.

  2. Plant out pre-grown seedlings outdoors.

  3. Water regularly, especially during dry spells.

  4. First harvest of young leaves possible.

5

  1. Continue sowing for continuous harvest.

  2. Plant out seedlings.

  3. Watch for pests (e.g., cabbage root fly, slugs) and take action if necessary.

  4. Harvest outer leaves.

6

  1. Continue sowing for continuous harvest.

  2. Harvest outer leaves.

  3. Ensure adequate watering during heat.

  4. Check for aphids.

7

  1. Continue sowing for continuous harvest.

  2. Harvest outer leaves.

  3. Shade if necessary during prolonged heat.

  4. Monitor for pests and diseases.

8

  1. Sow for autumn harvest.

  2. Harvest outer leaves.

  3. Fertilize if necessary, especially for older plants.

9

  1. Sow for late autumn harvest or overwintering (in mild regions).

  2. Harvest outer leaves.

  3. Consider protection against heavy rain and cold.

10

  1. Continue harvesting as long as temperatures are mild.

  2. Young plants can be protected from light frost with fleece if necessary.

  3. Final harvest before the first hard frost.

11

  1. Continue harvesting as long as possible.

  2. In mild climates, plants can overwinter under protection (e.g., fleece, cold frame).

  3. Prepare soil for next year.

Month tasks structured
2
  1. TaskSow indoors/in greenhouse for early harvest.
    Label

    Sow indoors/in greenhouse for early harvest.

    Prioritymedium
    Months
    1. 2
    Conditionindoors
    Estimated effortlow
    Notes

    Start sowing in seed trays or small pots.

  2. TaskPrepare seed trays and soil.
    Label

    Prepare seed trays and soil.

    Prioritylow
    Months
    1. 2
    Conditionindoors
    Estimated effortlow
    Notes

    Ensure containers are clean and soil is well-draining.

3
  1. TaskContinue sowing indoors/in greenhouse.
    Label

    Continue sowing indoors/in greenhouse.

    Prioritymedium
    Months
    1. 3
    Conditionindoors
    Estimated effortlow
    Notes

    For staggered harvesting.

  2. TaskFirst direct sowing outdoors as soon as soil is workable.
    Label

    First direct sowing outdoors as soon as soil is workable.

    Prioritymedium
    Months
    1. 3
    Conditionoutdoors
    Estimated effortmedium
    Notes

    Choose a sunny location.

  3. TaskPrepare soil: incorporate compost, remove weeds.
    Label

    Prepare soil: incorporate compost, remove weeds.

    Priorityhigh
    Months
    1. 3
    Conditionoutdoors
    Estimated effortmedium
    Notes

    Improves soil structure and nutrient supply.

4
  1. TaskContinue sowing outdoors.
    Label

    Continue sowing outdoors.

    Prioritymedium
    Months
    1. 4
    Conditionoutdoors
    Estimated effortmedium
    Notes

    For continuous harvest.

  2. TaskPlant out pre-grown seedlings outdoors.
    Label

    Plant out pre-grown seedlings outdoors.

    Prioritymedium
    Months
    1. 4
    Conditionoutdoors
    Estimated effortmedium
    Notes

    After the risk of night frost has passed.

  3. TaskWater regularly, especially during dry spells.
    Label

    Water regularly, especially during dry spells.

    Priorityhigh
    Months
    1. 4
    Conditionoutdoors
    Estimated effortmedium
    Notes

    Consistent moisture is important for rapid growth.

  4. TaskFirst harvest of young leaves possible.
    Label

    First harvest of young leaves possible.

    Prioritylow
    Months
    1. 4
    Conditionharvest
    Estimated effortlow
    Notes

    Harvest outer leaves to encourage inner leaf growth.

5
  1. TaskContinue sowing for continuous harvest.
    Label

    Continue sowing for continuous harvest.

    Prioritymedium
    Months
    1. 5
    Conditionoutdoors
    Estimated effortmedium
    Notes

    Sow every 2-3 weeks.

  2. TaskPlant out seedlings.
    Label

    Plant out seedlings.

    Prioritymedium
    Months
    1. 5
    Conditionoutdoors
    Estimated effortmedium
    Notes

    If not already done.

  3. TaskWatch for pests (e.g., cabbage root fly, slugs) and take action if necessary.
    Label

    Watch for pests (e.g., cabbage root fly, slugs) and take action if necessary.

    Priorityhigh
    Months
    1. 5
    Conditionoutdoors
    Estimated effortmedium
    Notes

    Cultural practices like mulching or using nets can help.

  4. TaskHarvest outer leaves.
    Label

    Harvest outer leaves.

    Prioritymedium
    Months
    1. 5
    Conditionharvest
    Estimated effortlow
    Notes

    Continuous harvesting promotes growth.

6
  1. TaskContinue sowing for continuous harvest.
    Label

    Continue sowing for continuous harvest.

    Prioritymedium
    Months
    1. 6
    Conditionoutdoors
    Estimated effortmedium
    Notes

    Every 2-3 weeks.

  2. TaskHarvest outer leaves.
    Label

    Harvest outer leaves.

    Prioritymedium
    Months
    1. 6
    Conditionharvest
    Estimated effortlow
    Notes

    Regular harvesting keeps the plant productive.

  3. TaskEnsure adequate watering during heat.
    Label

    Ensure adequate watering during heat.

    Priorityhigh
    Months
    1. 6
    Conditionoutdoors
    Estimated effortmedium
    Notes

    Heat can lead to premature bolting.

  4. TaskCheck for aphids.
    Label

    Check for aphids.

    Prioritymedium
    Months
    1. 6
    Conditionoutdoors
    Estimated effortlow
    Notes

    Remove them manually or with a jet of water.

7
  1. TaskContinue sowing for continuous harvest.
    Label

    Continue sowing for continuous harvest.

    Prioritymedium
    Months
    1. 7
    Conditionoutdoors
    Estimated effortmedium
    Notes

    In very hot weather, sow in the late afternoon or in a shadier spot.

  2. TaskHarvest outer leaves.
    Label

    Harvest outer leaves.

    Prioritymedium
    Months
    1. 7
    Conditionharvest
    Estimated effortlow
    Notes

    Quality may decline in extreme heat.

  3. TaskShade if necessary during prolonged heat.
    Label

    Shade if necessary during prolonged heat.

    Prioritylow
    Months
    1. 7
    Conditionoutdoors
    Estimated effortlow
    Notes

    Prevents premature bolting and leaf scorch.

  4. TaskMonitor for pests and diseases.
    Label

    Monitor for pests and diseases.

    Prioritymedium
    Months
    1. 7
    Conditionoutdoors
    Estimated effortlow
    Notes

    Good air circulation and avoiding waterlogged soil help prevent diseases.

8
  1. TaskSow for autumn harvest.
    Label

    Sow for autumn harvest.

    Prioritymedium
    Months
    1. 8
    Conditionoutdoors
    Estimated effortmedium
    Notes

    This sowing benefits from cooler temperatures.

  2. TaskHarvest outer leaves.
    Label

    Harvest outer leaves.

    Prioritymedium
    Months
    1. 8
    Conditionharvest
    Estimated effortlow
    Notes

    Continuous harvesting.

  3. TaskFertilize if necessary, especially for older plants.
    Label

    Fertilize if necessary, especially for older plants.

    Prioritylow
    Months
    1. 8
    Conditionoutdoors
    Estimated effortlow
    Notes

    A light feeding with organic fertilizer can boost growth.

9
  1. TaskSow for late autumn harvest or overwintering (in mild regions).
    Label

    Sow for late autumn harvest or overwintering (in mild regions).

    Prioritymedium
    Months
    1. 9
    Conditionoutdoors
    Estimated effortmedium
    Notes

    This sowing should germinate before the first hard frost.

  2. TaskHarvest outer leaves.
    Label

    Harvest outer leaves.

    Prioritymedium
    Months
    1. 9
    Conditionharvest
    Estimated effortlow
    Notes

    Harvesting can continue until frost.

  3. TaskConsider protection against heavy rain and cold.
    Label

    Consider protection against heavy rain and cold.

    Prioritylow
    Months
    1. 9
    Conditionoutdoors
    Estimated effortlow
    Notes

    A fleece or cover can help protect the plants.

10
  1. TaskContinue harvesting as long as temperatures are mild.
    Label

    Continue harvesting as long as temperatures are mild.

    Prioritymedium
    Months
    1. 10
    Conditionharvest
    Estimated effortlow
    Notes

    Leaves may become sweeter in cooler weather.

  2. TaskYoung plants can be protected from light frost with fleece if necessary.
    Label

    Young plants can be protected from light frost with fleece if necessary.

    Prioritylow
    Months
    1. 10
    Conditionoutdoors
    Estimated effortlow
    Notes

    This extends the harvest period.

  3. TaskFinal harvest before the first hard frost.
    Label

    Final harvest before the first hard frost.

    Prioritymedium
    Months
    1. 10
    Conditionharvest
    Estimated effortmedium
    Notes

    Remove any remaining plants to prepare the soil for next year.

11
  1. TaskContinue harvesting as long as possible.
    Label

    Continue harvesting as long as possible.

    Prioritymedium
    Months
    1. 11
    Conditionharvest
    Estimated effortlow
    Notes

    In mild regions, harvesting can continue into winter.

  2. TaskIn mild climates, plants can overwinter under protection (e.g., fleece, cold frame).
    Label

    In mild climates, plants can overwinter under protection (e.g., fleece, cold frame).

    Prioritylow
    Months
    1. 11
    Conditionoutdoors
    Estimated effortlow
    Notes

    This allows for an early harvest next spring.

  3. TaskPrepare soil for next year.
    Label

    Prepare soil for next year.

    Prioritylow
    Months
    1. 11
    Conditionoutdoors
    Estimated effortmedium
    Notes

    Remove plant debris and incorporate compost.

Structured month tasks
2
  1. TaskSow indoors/in greenhouse for early harvest.
    Label

    Sow indoors/in greenhouse for early harvest.

    Prioritymedium
    Months
    1. 2
    Conditionindoors
    Estimated effortlow
    Notes

    Start sowing in seed trays or small pots.

  2. TaskPrepare seed trays and soil.
    Label

    Prepare seed trays and soil.

    Prioritylow
    Months
    1. 2
    Conditionindoors
    Estimated effortlow
    Notes

    Ensure containers are clean and soil is well-draining.

3
  1. TaskContinue sowing indoors/in greenhouse.
    Label

    Continue sowing indoors/in greenhouse.

    Prioritymedium
    Months
    1. 3
    Conditionindoors
    Estimated effortlow
    Notes

    For staggered harvesting.

  2. TaskFirst direct sowing outdoors as soon as soil is workable.
    Label

    First direct sowing outdoors as soon as soil is workable.

    Prioritymedium
    Months
    1. 3
    Conditionoutdoors
    Estimated effortmedium
    Notes

    Choose a sunny location.

  3. TaskPrepare soil: incorporate compost, remove weeds.
    Label

    Prepare soil: incorporate compost, remove weeds.

    Priorityhigh
    Months
    1. 3
    Conditionoutdoors
    Estimated effortmedium
    Notes

    Improves soil structure and nutrient supply.

4
  1. TaskContinue sowing outdoors.
    Label

    Continue sowing outdoors.

    Prioritymedium
    Months
    1. 4
    Conditionoutdoors
    Estimated effortmedium
    Notes

    For continuous harvest.

  2. TaskPlant out pre-grown seedlings outdoors.
    Label

    Plant out pre-grown seedlings outdoors.

    Prioritymedium
    Months
    1. 4
    Conditionoutdoors
    Estimated effortmedium
    Notes

    After the risk of night frost has passed.

  3. TaskWater regularly, especially during dry spells.
    Label

    Water regularly, especially during dry spells.

    Priorityhigh
    Months
    1. 4
    Conditionoutdoors
    Estimated effortmedium
    Notes

    Consistent moisture is important for rapid growth.

  4. TaskFirst harvest of young leaves possible.
    Label

    First harvest of young leaves possible.

    Prioritylow
    Months
    1. 4
    Conditionharvest
    Estimated effortlow
    Notes

    Harvest outer leaves to encourage inner leaf growth.

5
  1. TaskContinue sowing for continuous harvest.
    Label

    Continue sowing for continuous harvest.

    Prioritymedium
    Months
    1. 5
    Conditionoutdoors
    Estimated effortmedium
    Notes

    Sow every 2-3 weeks.

  2. TaskPlant out seedlings.
    Label

    Plant out seedlings.

    Prioritymedium
    Months
    1. 5
    Conditionoutdoors
    Estimated effortmedium
    Notes

    If not already done.

  3. TaskWatch for pests (e.g., cabbage root fly, slugs) and take action if necessary.
    Label

    Watch for pests (e.g., cabbage root fly, slugs) and take action if necessary.

    Priorityhigh
    Months
    1. 5
    Conditionoutdoors
    Estimated effortmedium
    Notes

    Cultural practices like mulching or using nets can help.

  4. TaskHarvest outer leaves.
    Label

    Harvest outer leaves.

    Prioritymedium
    Months
    1. 5
    Conditionharvest
    Estimated effortlow
    Notes

    Continuous harvesting promotes growth.

6
  1. TaskContinue sowing for continuous harvest.
    Label

    Continue sowing for continuous harvest.

    Prioritymedium
    Months
    1. 6
    Conditionoutdoors
    Estimated effortmedium
    Notes

    Every 2-3 weeks.

  2. TaskHarvest outer leaves.
    Label

    Harvest outer leaves.

    Prioritymedium
    Months
    1. 6
    Conditionharvest
    Estimated effortlow
    Notes

    Regular harvesting keeps the plant productive.

  3. TaskEnsure adequate watering during heat.
    Label

    Ensure adequate watering during heat.

    Priorityhigh
    Months
    1. 6
    Conditionoutdoors
    Estimated effortmedium
    Notes

    Heat can lead to premature bolting.

  4. TaskCheck for aphids.
    Label

    Check for aphids.

    Prioritymedium
    Months
    1. 6
    Conditionoutdoors
    Estimated effortlow
    Notes

    Remove them manually or with a jet of water.

7
  1. TaskContinue sowing for continuous harvest.
    Label

    Continue sowing for continuous harvest.

    Prioritymedium
    Months
    1. 7
    Conditionoutdoors
    Estimated effortmedium
    Notes

    In very hot weather, sow in the late afternoon or in a shadier spot.

  2. TaskHarvest outer leaves.
    Label

    Harvest outer leaves.

    Prioritymedium
    Months
    1. 7
    Conditionharvest
    Estimated effortlow
    Notes

    Quality may decline in extreme heat.

  3. TaskShade if necessary during prolonged heat.
    Label

    Shade if necessary during prolonged heat.

    Prioritylow
    Months
    1. 7
    Conditionoutdoors
    Estimated effortlow
    Notes

    Prevents premature bolting and leaf scorch.

  4. TaskMonitor for pests and diseases.
    Label

    Monitor for pests and diseases.

    Prioritymedium
    Months
    1. 7
    Conditionoutdoors
    Estimated effortlow
    Notes

    Good air circulation and avoiding waterlogged soil help prevent diseases.

8
  1. TaskSow for autumn harvest.
    Label

    Sow for autumn harvest.

    Prioritymedium
    Months
    1. 8
    Conditionoutdoors
    Estimated effortmedium
    Notes

    This sowing benefits from cooler temperatures.

  2. TaskHarvest outer leaves.
    Label

    Harvest outer leaves.

    Prioritymedium
    Months
    1. 8
    Conditionharvest
    Estimated effortlow
    Notes

    Continuous harvesting.

  3. TaskFertilize if necessary, especially for older plants.
    Label

    Fertilize if necessary, especially for older plants.

    Prioritylow
    Months
    1. 8
    Conditionoutdoors
    Estimated effortlow
    Notes

    A light feeding with organic fertilizer can boost growth.

9
  1. TaskSow for late autumn harvest or overwintering (in mild regions).
    Label

    Sow for late autumn harvest or overwintering (in mild regions).

    Prioritymedium
    Months
    1. 9
    Conditionoutdoors
    Estimated effortmedium
    Notes

    This sowing should germinate before the first hard frost.

  2. TaskHarvest outer leaves.
    Label

    Harvest outer leaves.

    Prioritymedium
    Months
    1. 9
    Conditionharvest
    Estimated effortlow
    Notes

    Harvesting can continue until frost.

  3. TaskConsider protection against heavy rain and cold.
    Label

    Consider protection against heavy rain and cold.

    Prioritylow
    Months
    1. 9
    Conditionoutdoors
    Estimated effortlow
    Notes

    A fleece or cover can help protect the plants.

10
  1. TaskContinue harvesting as long as temperatures are mild.
    Label

    Continue harvesting as long as temperatures are mild.

    Prioritymedium
    Months
    1. 10
    Conditionharvest
    Estimated effortlow
    Notes

    Leaves may become sweeter in cooler weather.

  2. TaskYoung plants can be protected from light frost with fleece if necessary.
    Label

    Young plants can be protected from light frost with fleece if necessary.

    Prioritylow
    Months
    1. 10
    Conditionoutdoors
    Estimated effortlow
    Notes

    This extends the harvest period.

  3. TaskFinal harvest before the first hard frost.
    Label

    Final harvest before the first hard frost.

    Prioritymedium
    Months
    1. 10
    Conditionharvest
    Estimated effortmedium
    Notes

    Remove any remaining plants to prepare the soil for next year.

11
  1. TaskContinue harvesting as long as possible.
    Label

    Continue harvesting as long as possible.

    Prioritymedium
    Months
    1. 11
    Conditionharvest
    Estimated effortlow
    Notes

    In mild regions, harvesting can continue into winter.

  2. TaskIn mild climates, plants can overwinter under protection (e.g., fleece, cold frame).
    Label

    In mild climates, plants can overwinter under protection (e.g., fleece, cold frame).

    Prioritylow
    Months
    1. 11
    Conditionoutdoors
    Estimated effortlow
    Notes

    This allows for an early harvest next spring.

  3. TaskPrepare soil for next year.
    Label

    Prepare soil for next year.

    Prioritylow
    Months
    1. 11
    Conditionoutdoors
    Estimated effortmedium
    Notes

    Remove plant debris and incorporate compost.

Cultivation specs
Seed
Seed depth cm min.1
Seed depth cm max.2
Light germinatorno
Dark germinatoryes
Cold germinatorno
Stratification neededno
Pre soaking recommendedno
Germination temperature c min.10
Germination temperature c max.20
Germination days min.5
Germination days max.14
Seed lifespan years min.2
Seed lifespan years max.4
Direct sowing possibleyes
Pre culture recommendedyes
Spacing
Plant spacing cm min.15
Plant spacing cm max.25
Row spacing cm min.20
Row spacing cm max.30
Recommended density per sqm min.10
Recommended density per sqm max.20
Thinning distance5 cm
Min. bed width30 cm
Square foot gardening spacing3-4 plants per square
Spacing notes

Closer spacing for baby leaf harvest, wider for larger leaves.

Growth dimensions
Height cm min.20
Height cm max.30
Width cm min.20
Width cm max.30
Growth speedfast
Final size notes

Grows quickly into a bushy plant.

Temperature
Min. growing temperature5 °C
Optimal temperature c min.15
Optimal temperature c max.22
Max. heat tolerance28 °C
Soil temperature for sowing c min.10
Soil temperature for sowing c optimal15
Frost sensitiveyes
Late frost sensitiveyes
Heat tolerancemedium
Cold tolerancemedium
Temperature notes

Prefers cooler weather but can tolerate moderate heat. Frost can end the harvest.

Water
Water needmedium
Critical water phases
  1. Germination
  2. Leaf growth
Drought tolerantno
Drought sensitivitymedium
Waterlogging sensitiveyes
Mulching recommendedyes
Water notes

Consistent moisture is crucial for tender leaves and to prevent bolting.

Nutrition
Nutrient groupmedium_feeder
Heavy feederno
Medium feederyes
Light feederno
Nitrogen needmedium
Phosphorus needlow
Potassium needlow
Calcium needlow
Magnesium needlow
Compost recommendedyes
Mulching recommendedyes
Fertilizer sensitivitylow
Nutrition notes

Responds well to organic feeding, but excessive nitrogen can lead to bitter taste.

Container
Container suitableyes
Min. pot volume5 l
Recommended pot volume10 l
Min. pot depth15 cm
Min. pot diameter20 cm
Plants per container min.2
Plants per container max.4
Drainage requiredyes
Repotting neededno
Container notes

Suitable for window boxes and pots. Regular watering is important.

Support
Needs supportno
Support recommendedno
Climbingno
Viningno
Trellis recommendedno
Training requiredno
Support notes

Does not require support.

Cultivation modes
Outdoor bed suitableyes
Raised bed suitableyes
Container suitableyes
Balcony suitableyes
Greenhouse suitableyes
Polytunnel suitableyes
Indoor suitableyes
Windowsill suitableyes
Hydroponic possibleno
Permaculture suitableyes
No dig suitableyes
Yield density
Yield per plant min.0.1
Yield per plant max.0.3
Yield unitkg
Yield per sqm min.1.5
Yield per sqm max.3
Yield reliabilitymedium
Yield notes

Continuous harvesting of outer leaves allows for high yields over an extended period.

Site
Sun

Sun to partial shade

Wind

Sheltered

Notes

Prefers a location with full sun in spring and autumn, but can tolerate partial shade in hot summer.

Soil
Type

Humus-rich, loose, well-draining

PH min.6
PH max.7.5
Fertility

High

Notes

Good nutrient supply is important. Avoid heavy, waterlogged soils.

Watering
Frequency

Regularly, keep soil moist

Method

Evenly, preferably at the root zone

Notes

Especially important during dry spells and heat to prevent bolting and bitterness.

Nutrition
Type

Medium to heavy feeder, organic fertilization preferred

Timing

Incorporate compost before planting/sowing, top-dress if needed during the growing season.

Notes

Balanced nutrition promotes fast, healthy growth. Excessive nitrogen can affect flavor.

Cultivation planning
Succession sowing
Possibleyes
Interval days min.14
Interval days max.21
Bed planning notes

Suitable for intercropping and as a filler crop. Can be grown well alongside slow-growing vegetables.

Rotation prioritylow
Interplanting potentialhigh
Mechanization relevancelow
Crop rotation
  1. Good predecessors: Legumes, tomatoes, potatoes, cucumbers.
  2. Bad predecessors: Other brassicas (cabbage, radishes, mustard) due to shared pests and diseases.
  3. Follow-up crops: Suitable for most crops, except brassicas.
Deficiencies
Common deficiencies
  1. Nitrogen deficiency (yellowing leaves, stunted growth)
  2. Potassium deficiency (wilting leaf margins, poor frost hardiness)
  3. Magnesium deficiency (chlorosis between leaf veins)
Notes

Balanced fertilization, especially with organic matter, prevents deficiencies. Soil tests can help identify specific deficiencies.

Problems
Common problems
  1. Premature bolting (due to heat or drought stress)
  2. Bitter taste (due to stress, heat, or nutrient imbalance)
  3. Slow growth rate (due to cold, nutrient deficiency, or poor soil health)
Notes

Optimal growing conditions (consistent moisture, moderate temperatures, good nutrition) are key to avoiding problems.

Problem management
Common pest groups
  1. Caterpillars
  2. Flea Beetles
  3. Slugs
  4. Aphids
  5. Cabbage Root Fly
Common disease groups
  1. Clubroot
  2. Downy Mildew
  3. Viral diseases
Prevention principles
  1. Adhere to crop rotation (at least 3-4 years break from brassicas).
  2. Promote healthy, vigorous plants through optimal conditions.
  3. Soil hygiene: remove plant debris, clean tools.
  4. Choose resistant varieties if available.
  5. Mulching for moisture regulation and pest deterrence.
  6. Ensure good air circulation and avoid waterlogging.
  7. Cultural practices: e.g., nets against butterflies, slug collars.
Diagnosis notes

Symptoms like yellowing leaves, holes, wilting, or stunted growth can indicate various problems. Accurate identification is crucial for correct treatment.

Disease graph
ScopeBrassica rapa subsp. nipposinica
Profiles
  1. Slugclubroot
    Severityhigh
    Conditions
    1. Moist, acidic soil
    2. Cool temperatures
    3. High soil moisture
    Affected parts
    1. Roots (thickening, deformation)
    2. Entire plant (wilting, stunting)
    Prevention
    1. Strict crop rotation (3-4 year break)
    2. Liming to raise pH (target pH 7.0-7.5)
    3. Good drainage
    4. Resistant varieties (if available)
    5. Clean seed and tools
    Organic control
    1. Liming to raise pH
    2. Improving soil health with compost and green manure
    3. Removal and destruction of infected plants
  2. Slugdowny-mildew
    Severitymedium
    Conditions
    1. High humidity
    2. Moderate temperatures
    3. Poor air circulation
    Affected parts
    1. Leaves (yellowish spots on upper side, whitish-grey mold on underside)
    Prevention
    1. Good ventilation
    2. Avoid wetting foliage (water at the base)
    3. Adequate plant spacing
    4. Removal of infected plant debris
    Organic control
    1. Removal of affected leaves
    2. Application of plant extracts (e.g., horsetail)
    3. Improving air circulation
  3. Slugaphids
    Severitymedium
    Conditions
    1. Warm, dry conditions
    2. Presence of ants
    Affected parts
    1. Young shoots and leaves (sticky honeydew, stunted growth)
    Prevention
    1. Attracting beneficial insects (ladybugs, lacewings)
    2. Strengthening plants (proper fertilization and watering)
    3. Monitoring for ants
    Organic control
    1. Spraying with a jet of water
    2. Manual removal
    3. Application of neem oil or potassium soap
Diagnostic rules
  1. Symptom

    Swollen, gall-like roots or root lumps

    Possible causes
    1. clubroot
    First checks
    1. Check soil for acidic reaction.
    2. Examine plant roots.
  2. Symptom

    Yellowish spots on leaf tops, whitish-grey mold on leaf undersides

    Possible causes
    1. downy-mildew
    First checks
    1. Check humidity within the crop.
    2. Inspect leaves for signs of fungal growth.
  3. Symptom

    Sticky leaves, stunted growth, small green or black insects on young shoots

    Possible causes
    1. aphids
    First checks
    1. Check young shoots and leaf undersides for insect infestation.
    2. Look for honeydew and ants.
Prevention strategy
Cultural
  1. Strict crop rotation (at least a 3-4 year break from brassicas).
  2. Grow in well-aerated soils with good drainage.
  3. Avoid waterlogging.
  4. Maintain sufficient plant spacing to promote air circulation.
  5. Remove plant residues after harvest.
  6. Apply lime to regulate pH (target pH 7.0-7.5) where clubroot is a risk.
  7. Mulch to regulate soil temperature and moisture.
Monitoring
  1. Regularly inspect plants visually for pests and disease symptoms, especially in wet weather.
  2. Check leaf undersides for aphids and fungal infection.
  3. Inspect roots if clubroot is suspected.
  4. Watch for flea beetles (small holes in the leaves).
Organic first response
  1. For aphids: rinse with water, remove by hand, or use potassium soap/neem oil.
  2. For slugs: hand-pick, use barriers (e.g. slug fences, coffee grounds), or biological controls (nematodes).
  3. For caterpillar infestation: hand-pick or use Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt).
  4. For fungal diseases: remove infected plant parts and apply plant teas (e.g. horsetail).
Notes

Prevention is key to successful Mizuna cultivation. A combination of good horticultural practices and attentive monitoring minimizes problems.

Diagnosis
Diagnostic process

1. Observe symptoms (leaves, stems, roots). 2. Narrow down possible causes based on damage patterns. 3. Consider soil conditions and environmental factors. 4. Conduct targeted checks (e.g., dig up roots, look for insects). 5. Seek expert advice or laboratory analysis if uncertain.

Common misdiagnoses
  1. Nutrient deficiency vs. pest infestation (e.g., chlorosis from aphids vs. magnesium deficiency).
  2. Drought stress vs. fungal diseases (wilting symptoms).
Notes

Accurate diagnosis is crucial for selecting the correct control measure. Misidentification can lead to ineffective treatments or even worsen the problem.

Phenology
Stages
  1. Germination
  2. Cotyledon development
  3. True leaf development
  4. Growth phase
  5. Bolting (flower stalk elongation)
  6. Flowering
  7. Seed formation
Notes

Mizuna is a fast-growing annual plant. The growth phase is relatively short, especially in warm temperatures which can lead to bolting.

Flowering pollination

Mizuna is a hermaphroditic plant that tends towards cross-pollination, although self-pollination can also occur. The flowers are yellow and typical of the Brassicaceae family.

Harvest

Harvesting can be done continuously by cutting outer leaves or entire plants. The harvest period extends from spring through late autumn.

Harvest details
Harvest frequency

Continuous, as needed. Regular harvesting encourages new growth.

Harvest indicators
  1. Leaves reach desired size (baby leaf or mature)
  2. Plant begins to bolt (for late harvest)
Post harvest handling

Harvested leaves and stems should be stored cool and consumed soon to maintain freshness and flavor.

Storage

Freshly harvested Mizuna has a short storage life. For longer preservation, processing methods like freezing or drying are possible.

Storage details
General storage category

Fresh vegetable, short-term storage

Storage life

In the refrigerator for 2-4 days. Can last up to a week if stored cool (around 0°C) with high humidity.

Processing options
  1. Freezing (after brief blanching)
  2. Drying (for spices or dried herbs)
Processing use

Mizuna can be frozen or dried to extend its shelf life. Frozen leaves are suitable for soups and stews.

Kitchen usage

Mizuna is used raw in salads, as a topping for sandwiches and wraps, or lightly steamed as a side dish. Its peppery, slightly mustardy flavor pairs well with many dishes.

Safety and edibility
Edible parts
  1. Leaves
  2. Young stems
Inedible or caution parts
Toxicity notes

Mizuna is non-toxic and safe for consumption.

Raw consumption

Yes, especially young leaves are tender and mild enough for raw consumption in salads.

Seed saving

Seeds can be harvested from self-pollinated or isolated plants. It is advisable to select plants that have not bolted to maximize yield.

Seed saving advanced

To maintain varietal purity, Mizuna plants must be isolated from other Brassica species due to easy cross-pollination. An isolation distance of several hundred meters is recommended. Plants are left to mature, the seed stalks harvested, dried, and the seeds threshed.

Woody crop details
Rootstock relevanceNot applicable
Renewal pruning relevanceNot applicable
Notes

Mizuna is not a woody crop. These fields are not applicable.

Ecology
Pollinator valuelow
Wildlife valuelow
Biodiversity notes

As an annual crop, Mizuna offers limited ecological benefits. However, its flowers can attract pollinators, and the plant can serve as a food source for some insect larvae.

Practical notes
General

Mizuna is a fast-growing, easy-care leafy vegetable well-suited for garden beds, balconies, or even indoors. It prefers cooler weather but can be grown in summer with adequate watering.

Sowing

Sow from March indoors or in a greenhouse, and directly outdoors from April. For continuous harvest, sow again every 2-3 weeks.

Cultivation

Requires a sunny to partial shade location with loose, nutrient-rich soil. Consistent moisture is important to prevent bolting and bitterness.

Harvest

Harvest outer leaves to encourage inner leaf growth, or cut the entire plant. Harvesting is possible from about 4-6 weeks after sowing.

Pest disease prevention

Watch out for flea beetles, slugs, and aphids. Good crop rotation and hygiene are important for preventing diseases like clubroot.

Container growing

Well-suited for window boxes and pots. Ensure adequate watering and fertilization if necessary.

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