Profile

leaf mustardBrassica juncea

Fast, spicy leafy green for cool-season crops.

leaf mustard (Brassica juncea): plant portrait for plant portrait - Mustard family, sun to partial shade, Harvest May, Jun
leaf mustard: plant portrait. harvest: May, Jun, Sep, Oct, Nov.

Quick profile

Key data

Planting

Apr, May, Sep

Harvest

May, Jun, Sep, Oct, Nov

Light

sun to partial shade

Good neighbors

lettuceonionDill

Avoid

other brassicas in tight rotation

Growing data

leaf mustard Growing data

Seed depth

0 cm

Sowing and germination

Seed depth0 cm
Light germinatorNo
Dark germinatorNo
Cold germinatorNo
Stratification neededNo
Pre-soaking recommendedNo
Direct sowing possibleNo
Pre-culture recommendedNo

Temperature and site

Frost sensitiveNo
Late frost sensitiveNo

Water, nutrients and care

Waterlogging sensitiveNo
Mulching recommendedNo
Compost recommendedNo

Year plan

leaf mustard Calendar

All plants
Indoor sowingDirect sowingPlantingHarvest

Indoor sowing

FebMar

Start under cover for early crops.

Direct sowing

MarAprAugSep

Direct sow in spring and late summer.

Planting

AprMaySep

Set transplants not too deep and water in well.

Harvest

MayJunSepOctNov

Cut young leaves continuously.

Growing

leaf mustard Site, soil and care

Light

sun to partial shade

Storage

Storage life: 1-3 days refrigerated, Conditions: cool, clean, and dry or slightly humid depending on crop, Processing options: use fresh, lightly cook, ferment

Companion guide

leaf mustard Companion guide

Companion guide

Good neighbors

lettuceonionDill

Avoid

other brassicas in tight rotation

Health

Pests, Diseases

Sources

Public sources

  1. Wikidata search

    Wikidata · 2026-05-12

  2. GBIF species match

    GBIF · 2026-05-12

Details

More public plant data

Names
Common

leaf mustard

Plural

leaf mustards

BotanicalBrassica juncea
Synonyms
  1. mustard greens
  2. brown mustard
  3. Chinese mustard
  4. Indian mustard
Common synonyms
  1. mustard greens
  2. brown mustard
  3. Chinese mustard
  4. Indian mustard
Regional names
Historical names
Market names
Misspellings
Search terms
  1. leaf mustard
  2. mustard greens
Taxonomy
KingdomPlantae
Clades
  1. Tracheophyta
  2. Angiosperms
  3. Eudicots
  4. Rosids
OrderBrassicales
Family botanicalBrassicaceae
Family

Mustard family

Family idbrassicaceae
GenusBrassica
SpeciesBrassica juncea
Classification
Perennialno
Woodyno
Treeno
Shrubno
Edible parts
Calendar
Sowing indoor
Months
  1. 2
  2. 3
Earliest month2
Latest month3
Notes

Start under cover for early crops.

Sowing outdoor
Months
  1. 3
  2. 4
  3. 8
  4. 9
Earliest month3
Latest month9
Notes

Direct sow in spring and late summer.

Planting out
Months
  1. 4
  2. 5
  3. 9
Earliest month4
Latest month9
Notes

Set transplants not too deep and water in well.

Harvest
Months
  1. 5
  2. 6
  3. 9
  4. 10
  5. 11
Earliest month5
Latest month11
Notes

Cut young leaves continuously.

Month tasks
Cultivation specs
Seed
Seed depth cm min.0
Seed depth cm max.0
Light germinatorno
Dark germinatorno
Cold germinatorno
Stratification neededno
Pre soaking recommendedno
Direct sowing possibleno
Pre culture recommendedno
Spacing
Spacing notes
Growth dimensions
Final size notes
Temperature
Frost sensitiveno
Late frost sensitiveno
Temperature notes
Water
Critical water phases
Drought tolerantno
Waterlogging sensitiveno
Mulching recommendedno
Water notes
Nutrition
Heavy feederno
Medium feederno
Light feederno
Compost recommendedno
Mulching recommendedno
Nutrition notes
Site
Sun

sun to partial shade

Shelter

shelter as needed

Notes

Cool conditions produce milder leaves.

Soil
Texture

loose, humus-rich, evenly moist

PH range
Min.6
Max.7.5
Notes

Good nitrogen supply supports quick leaf growth.

Watering
Frequency

evenly

Method

at the root zone

Notes

Drought stress increases pungency and bolting.

Nutrition
Fertilizer type

compost plus light follow-up feeding

Frequency

as needed

Notes

Feed moderately to well as a leafy crop.

Cultivation planning
Succession sowing
Possibleyes
Interval days min.14
Interval days max.28
Bed planning notes

Grow in successions and pause during heat.

Rotation priorityhigh
Interplanting potentialmedium
Mechanization relevancelow
Problems
Common
  1. bolting
  2. pungent old leaves
  3. shot holes
Diagnosis

Check water, site, nutrition, and pest pressure first.

Problem management
Common pest groups
  1. flea beetles
  2. caterpillars
  3. aphids
Common disease groups
  1. downy mildew
  2. clubroot
Prevention principles
  1. choose a suitable site
  2. keep growth airy
  3. use rotation and hygiene
  4. inspect plants regularly
Diagnosis notes

Assess symptoms together with site, weather, and growth stage.

Disease graph
Scopegeneral_crop_health
Profiles
  1. Slugdowny-mildew
    Name

    downy mildew

    Severitymedium
    Conditions
    1. humid canopy
    2. site or weather stress
    Prevention
    1. space plants for airflow
    2. remove diseased plant material
  2. Slugclubroot
    Name

    clubroot

    Severitymedium
    Conditions
    1. humid canopy
    2. site or weather stress
    Prevention
    1. space plants for airflow
    2. remove diseased plant material
Harvest
Timing

early as baby leaf, otherwise leaf by leaf

Harvest indicators
  1. young, tender leaves
Method

harvest gently and cleanly

Storage
Storage life

1-3 days refrigerated

Conditions

cool, clean, and dry or slightly humid depending on crop

Processing options
  1. use fresh
  2. lightly cook
  3. ferment
Kitchen usage
Primary uses
  1. salads
  2. stir-fries
  3. soups
  4. fermentation
Flavor profile

mustardy and pungent

Preparation notes

Wash thoroughly before use and use only sound plant parts.

Safety and edibility
Edible parts
  1. leaves
  2. young stems
Inedible or caution parts
  1. with thyroid concerns, avoid very large one-sided raw brassica intake
Toxicity notes

Do not consume if identification is uncertain; do not infer medicinal claims.

Raw consumption

Young leaves are commonly raw; older leaves are better cooked.

Ecology
Biodiversity notes