Profile

table grapeVitis vinifera

Table grapes are grapes for direct consumption. They are perennial, woody climbing plants grown on trellises or pergolas. Harvest time is between August and October.

FruitBerriesGrapeGrape family
CalendarAll data
table grape (Vitis vinifera): plant portrait for plant portrait - Fruit, Grape family, Harvest Aug, Sep, Oct
table grape: plant portrait. harvest: Aug, Sep, Oct.

Quick profile

Key data

Planting

Apr, May, Jun

Harvest

Aug, Sep, Oct

Water

medium

Good neighbors

herbsbeansherbsbeans

Avoid

cabbage familypotatocabbage family plantspotatoes

Growing data

table grape Growing data

Plant spacing

100 - 200 cm

Row spacing

150 - 250 cm

Sowing and germination

Light germinatorNo
Dark germinatorNo
Cold germinatorNo
Stratification neededNo
Pre-soaking recommendedNo
Direct sowing possibleNo
Pre-culture recommendedNo

Planting and spacing

Plant spacing100 - 200 cm
Row spacing150 - 250 cm
Plants per m²0.5 - 1 per m²
Spacing1 plant per 2-3 sq ft

Temperature and site

Growing temperaturefrom 10 °C
Optimal temperature20 - 28 °C
Frost sensitiveYes
Late frost sensitiveYes
Heat tolerancemedium
Cold tolerancelow

Water, nutrients and care

Watermedium
Critical water phasesflowering, fruit set, fruit development
Watering methodTiefgründig, nicht über die Blätter
Droughtmedium
Waterlogging sensitiveYes
Mulching recommendedYes
Nutrient needmedium_feeder
Compost recommendedYes
Fertilizer sensitivitylow

Container, support and growth

Container suitableYes
Pot sizeVolume: from 50 l; Recommended: from 70 l; Diameter: from 40 cm; Depth: from 40 cm
SupportYes; 180 - 300 cm
Height200 - 500 cm
Width100 - 200 cm
Root depth100 - 200 cm
Yield2 - 10 kg

Year plan

table grape Calendar

All plants
Indoor sowingDirect sowingPlantingHarvest

Indoor sowing

No data

No indoor sowing is necessary.

Direct sowing

No data

Direct sowing is not common, as propagation is usually done by cuttings.

Planting

AprMayJun

After the last frosts, when the soil has warmed up. Harden off young plants.

Harvest

AugSepOct

Depending on the variety and ripening time. Grapes are ripe when they detach easily from the bunch and develop their typical aroma.

Year plan
  1. Harden off young plants and plant outdoors as soon as there is no longer a risk of frost.
  2. First fertilization, if necessary.
  3. Water regularly, especially during dry periods.
  4. Fertilize as needed.
  5. Green pruning for better ventilation and fruit development.
  6. Monitor for pests and diseases.
  7. Thin out fruit clusters to improve the quality of remaining grapes.
  8. Protect against birds and wasps using nets or other means.
  9. Begin harvesting as soon as the first grapes are ripe.
  10. Reduce watering shortly before harvest to promote sugar content.
  11. After harvest, fertilize again if necessary to strengthen the plant for the next year.
  12. Store harvested grapes in a cool, dry place.
  13. Start of winter pruning if needed to maintain plant structure.
  14. Soil care, removal of fallen leaves.
  15. Perform winter pruning to shape the plant and promote fruit formation for the next year.
  16. Protect sensitive varieties from severe frost.
  17. Dormant phase of the plant. Further winter pruning if needed.
  18. Check for frost damage.

Growing

table grape Site, soil and care

Spacing

100 - 200 cm

Storage

Table grapes do not store well for long periods and should be consumed as fresh as possible., Cool storage slightly extends shelf life., Suitable storage conditions are cool (approx. 0-4°C), dark, and with high humidity.

  • Table grapes are non-climacteric and do not ripen after harvest. Always harvest them fully ripe, when they have developed their variety-specific aroma.
  • When planting, ensure sufficient depth and good drainage. Waterlogging is not tolerated.
  • Annual winter pruning (December to February) is the most important care measure. Without regular pruning, the plant ages and yields less.
  • Many modern table grape varieties are fungus-tolerant (PiWi) and require less plant protection. Ideal for the home garden.
  • Grapes are toxic to dogs and cats. Exercise caution with pets.

Pruning

table grape Pruning

The training system determines pruning and space requirements. For table grapes in home gardens, espalier training is common.

Goal

de: Guyot-Schnitt oder Kordon-Erziehung mit Zapfenschnitt | en: Guyot pruning or cordon training with spur pruning

Notes

The training system determines pruning and space requirements. For table grapes in home gardens, espalier training is common.

Pruning timing

Winter

NovDecJanFeb

Main pruning for shaping and yield regulation. Remove old wood and cut back fruiting canes. Preferably in late winter (January-February) when the risk of severe frost has passed. Do not prune during hard frost.

Sommer

JunJul

Green pruning: Remove excess shoots and leaves to improve airflow and light exposure. Only remove excess, non-lignified shoots. Do not remove too many leaves to protect grapes from sunburn.

Erntezeit

AugSep

Remove leaves that shade the grapes to promote ripening. Only remove leaves sparingly. Sun protection for the grapes is important.

Remove

  • Old, thick, woody shoots older than 3 years
  • Excess young shoots removed also during green pruning
  • Shoots that cross or rub against the trellis
  • Canes that bore fruit in the previous season (removed after harvest)
  • Dead or diseased shoots

Preserve

  • One or two vigorous, one-year-old shoots per main axis as the new fruiting cane (later cut back to 2-6 buds)
  • The main trunk (permanent wood)
  • Additionally, a replacement spur per main axis as a reserve for the next year

Avoid

  • Too many simultaneous, large pruning cuts (avoid heavy sap loss)
  • Do not cut too close to the main trunk (prevents suckering)
  • Avoid pruning when temperatures are below freezing (risk of wood cracks)
  • Do not remove too much green foliage in midsummer (sunburn on grapes)

Tools and hygiene

Disinfect shears and knives before and after each cut with 70% alcohol or hot water to avoid transferring fungal diseases (e.g., Esca).

Companion guide

table grape Companion guide

Companion guide

Good neighbors

herbsbeansherbsbeans

Avoid

cabbage familypotatocabbage family plantspotatoes

Health

Pests, Diseases

Pests

Aphids

Small, sucking insects that colonize young shoots and leaves, feeding on plant sap. They can transmit viruses and cause deformities.

Spider mites

Tiny arachnids that settle on the underside of leaves, sucking plant sap. They prefer dry, warm conditions and form fine webs.

vine moth

The caterpillars of the vine moth feed on young shoots, leaves, and flower buds, which can lead to significant yield losses.

phylloxera

A tiny insect that sucks on both roots and leaves. Root damage leads to growth disorders and plant death. Leaf galls are a sign of the leaf-form.

Diseases

Powdery mildew

A fungus that appears as a white, powdery coating on leaves, shoots, and grapes. It weakens the plant and affects fruit quality.

Downy mildew

A fungus characterized by yellowish spots on the upper leaf surface and a whitish coating on the underside. It affects leaves, shoots, and grapes and can lead to significant crop losses.

grey mold (Botrytis)

A fungus that primarily affects grapes in humid weather, leading to rot. It can also occur on shoots and leaves.

Esca disease

A complex fungal disease that manifests in various symptoms, including leaf spots, bark necrosis, and sudden wilting of shoots or the entire plant (sudden vine death).

Deficiencies

Magnesium deficiency

Magnesium is a central component of chlorophyll. Deficiency leads to impaired photosynthesis.

Potassium deficiency

Potassium is important for water balance, enzyme activity, and sugar formation. Deficiency affects fruit quality and frost hardiness.

iron deficiency

Iron is essential for chlorophyll synthesis. Deficiency often occurs on calcareous soils.

Plant health

AphidsSpider mitesPowdery mildewDowny mildewGray moldMagnesium deficiencyPotassium deficiencyIron deficiencyFrost damage

FAQ

When is the best time to plant table grapes?

The best planting time is in spring, after the last frosts, from about April to June when the soil has warmed up. Container plants can also be planted in autumn.

How do I prune a table grape correctly?

The most important pruning is the winter pruning (December-February). Old, woody shoots are removed and one- to two-year-old fruiting canes are cut back to 2–6 buds. A replacement shoot (spur) is left per main axis. In summer, green pruning can be done for ventilation.

What location is ideal for table grapes?

Table grapes need a sunny, warm, and sheltered location. A south or southwest exposure, e.g., against a house wall, is ideal. The soil should be deep, loose, and well-drained.

Do table grapes need a support?

Yes, table grapes are climbing plants and need a stable support, such as a trellis, pergola, or climbing wall. The shoots are regularly tied and trained.

Are table grapes susceptible to diseases?

Yes, grapevines can be affected by various fungal diseases such as powdery and downy mildew, grey mold, and Esca disease. Choosing resistant varieties (PiWi), a good location, and regular care help prevent them.

Can I grow table grapes in a pot?

Yes, container cultivation is possible, but requires a very large pot (at least 50 liters), good drainage, and regular watering and fertilizing. The pot should be deep and frost-proof.

Guides

Related guides

Garden guides

Sources

Public sources

  1. Wikidata entity

    Wikidata · 2026-05-15

  2. GBIF species match

    GBIF · 2026-05-15

  3. Deutschsprachige Wikipedia: Tafeltraube

    Wikipedia · 2026-05-15

  4. English Wikipedia: Table grape

    Wikipedia · 2026-05-15

Details

More public plant data

Names
Common

table grape

Plural

table grapes

BotanicalVitis vinifera
Synonyms
  1. Tafeltrauben
Common synonyms
  1. Tafeltrauben
Regional names
Historical names
Market names
Misspellings
Search terms
  1. table grape
Taxonomy
KingdomPlantae
Clades
  1. Tracheophyta
  2. Angiosperms
  3. Eudicots
  4. Rosids
OrderVitales
Family botanicalVitaceae
Family

Grape family

Family idvitaceae
GenusVitis
SpeciesVitis vinifera
Cultivar groupTable grapes
Classification
Main groupFruit
Sub groupBerries
Crop groupGrape
Life cyclePerennial
Perennialyes
Woodyyes
Treeno
Shrubyes
Edible parts
  1. fruit
Nutrient groupFruit
Calendar
Sowing indoor
Notes

No indoor sowing is necessary.

Sowing outdoor
Notes

Direct sowing is not common, as propagation is usually done by cuttings.

Planting out
Months
  1. 4
  2. 5
  3. 6
Earliest month4
Latest month6
Notes

After the last frosts, when the soil has warmed up. Harden off young plants.

Harvest
Months
  1. 8
  2. 9
  3. 10
Earliest month8
Latest month10
Notes

Depending on the variety and ripening time. Grapes are ripe when they detach easily from the bunch and develop their typical aroma.

Month tasks
4

  1. Harden off young plants and plant outdoors as soon as there is no longer a risk of frost.

  2. First fertilization, if necessary.

  3. Pruning measures for older plants, if not already done.

5

  1. Water regularly, especially during dry periods.

  2. Fertilize as needed.

  3. Thin out shoots to promote fruit development.

  4. Check and adjust supports.

6

  1. Green pruning for better ventilation and fruit development.

  2. Monitor for pests and diseases.

7

  1. Thin out fruit clusters to improve the quality of remaining grapes.

  2. Protect against birds and wasps using nets or other means.

8

  1. Begin harvesting as soon as the first grapes are ripe.

  2. Reduce watering shortly before harvest to promote sugar content.

9

  1. After harvest, fertilize again if necessary to strengthen the plant for the next year.

  2. Store harvested grapes in a cool, dry place.

10

  1. Start of winter pruning if needed to maintain plant structure.

  2. Soil care, removal of fallen leaves.

11

  1. Perform winter pruning to shape the plant and promote fruit formation for the next year.

  2. Protect sensitive varieties from severe frost.

12

  1. Dormant phase of the plant. Further winter pruning if needed.

  2. Check for frost damage.

Month tasks structured
4
  1. TaskPflanzung ins Freie
    Label

    Harden off young plants and plant outdoors as soon as there is no longer a risk of frost.

    Priorityhigh
    Months
    1. 4
    2. 5
    ConditionNach den letzten Frösten, Bodentemperatur über 10°C.
    Estimated effortmedium
    Notes

    Gradually acclimatize young plants to outdoor temperatures.

  2. TaskDüngung
    Label

    First fertilization, if necessary.

    Prioritymedium
    Months
    1. 4
    ConditionBeginn der Wachstumsperiode.
    Estimated effortlow
    Notes

    Use a slow-release long-term fertilizer.

  3. TaskSchnittmaßnahmen
    Label

    Pruning measures for older plants, if not already done.

    Prioritymedium
    Months
    1. 4
    ConditionVegetationsruhe endet.
    Estimated efforthigh
    Notes

    Remove dead or damaged shoots.

5
  1. TaskBewässerung
    Label

    Water regularly, especially during dry periods.

    Priorityhigh
    Months
    1. 5
    2. 6
    3. 7
    4. 8
    ConditionTrockenes Wetter, Boden trocknet aus.
    Estimated effortmedium
    Notes

    Water deeply to encourage root development.

  2. TaskDüngung
    Label

    Fertilize as needed.

    Prioritymedium
    Months
    1. 5
    2. 6
    ConditionWährend der Wachstumsphase.
    Estimated effortlow
    Notes

    Use liquid fertilizer or compost.

  3. TaskAuslichten
    Label

    Thin out shoots to promote fruit development.

    Prioritymedium
    Months
    1. 5
    2. 6
    ConditionBei starkem Austrieb.
    Estimated effortmedium
    Notes

    Remove superfluous shoots to concentrate energy on fruit development.

  4. TaskRankhilfen
    Label

    Check and adjust supports.

    Prioritylow
    Months
    1. 5
    ConditionBei wachsenden Trieben.
    Estimated effortlow
    Notes

    Ensure shoots are well supported.

6
  1. TaskGrün-Schnitt
    Label

    Green pruning for better ventilation and fruit development.

    Prioritymedium
    Months
    1. 6
    2. 7
    ConditionWährend des Wachstums.
    Estimated effortmedium
    Notes

    Remove excess leaves and shoots.

  2. TaskSchädlingskontrolle
    Label

    Monitor for pests and diseases.

    Priorityhigh
    Months
    1. 6
    2. 7
    3. 8
    ConditionWährend der Wachstums- und Fruchtentwicklungsphase.
    Estimated effortmedium
    Notes

    Take appropriate action if infestation occurs.

7
  1. TaskFruchtbehang auslichten
    Label

    Thin out fruit clusters to improve the quality of remaining grapes.

    Prioritymedium
    Months
    1. 7
    ConditionBei zu dichtem Fruchtbehang.
    Estimated effortmedium
    Notes

    Remove some small clusters so larger ones can ripen better.

  2. TaskSchutz vor Vögeln und Wespen
    Label

    Protect against birds and wasps using nets or other means.

    Priorityhigh
    Months
    1. 7
    2. 8
    3. 9
    ConditionBeginn der Fruchtreife.
    Estimated effortmedium
    Notes

    Apply nets in good time.

8
  1. TaskErnte
    Label

    Begin harvesting as soon as the first grapes are ripe.

    Priorityhigh
    Months
    1. 8
    2. 9
    3. 10
    ConditionFruchtreife.
    Estimated effortmedium
    Notes

    Cut grapes with sharp shears.

  2. TaskBewässerung vor Ernte
    Label

    Reduce watering shortly before harvest to promote sugar content.

    Prioritymedium
    Months
    1. 8
    2. 9
    ConditionKurz vor der Ernte.
    Estimated effortlow
    Notes

    Avoid waterlogging.

9
  1. TaskNachernte-Düngung
    Label

    After harvest, fertilize again if necessary to strengthen the plant for the next year.

    Prioritymedium
    Months
    1. 9
    ConditionNach der Haupternte.
    Estimated effortlow
    Notes

    Potassium-rich fertilizer can promote winter hardiness.

  2. TaskLagerung
    Label

    Store harvested grapes in a cool, dry place.

    Prioritymedium
    Months
    1. 9
    2. 10
    ConditionNach der Ernte.
    Estimated effortlow
    Notes

    Leave grapes on the stem if possible.

10
  1. TaskWinterschnitt
    Label

    Start of winter pruning if needed to maintain plant structure.

    Prioritymedium
    Months
    1. 10
    2. 11
    3. 12
    4. 1
    5. 2
    ConditionNach Laubfall, vor dem Austrieb.
    Estimated efforthigh
    Notes

    Remove old, dead, or crossing shoots.

  2. TaskBodenpflege
    Label

    Soil care, removal of fallen leaves.

    Prioritylow
    Months
    1. 10
    ConditionNach der Ernte.
    Estimated effortlow
    Notes

    Prevents fungal diseases.

11
  1. TaskWinterschnitt
    Label

    Perform winter pruning to shape the plant and promote fruit formation for the next year.

    Priorityhigh
    Months
    1. 11
    2. 12
    3. 1
    4. 2
    ConditionVegetationsruhe.
    Estimated efforthigh
    Notes

    Fundamental pruning for training and yield regulation.

  2. TaskFrostschutz
    Label

    Protect sensitive varieties from severe frost.

    Prioritymedium
    Months
    1. 11
    2. 12
    3. 1
    4. 2
    ConditionBei erwarteten starken Frösten.
    Estimated effortmedium
    Notes

    Cover young plants or sensitive varieties with fleece or brushwood.

12
  1. TaskRuhephase
    Label

    Dormant phase of the plant. Further winter pruning if needed.

    Prioritylow
    Months
    1. 12
    2. 1
    ConditionWinter.
    Estimated effortlow
    Notes

    No active care measures required, except if needed.

  2. TaskFrostschäden kontrollieren
    Label

    Check for frost damage.

    Prioritylow
    Months
    1. 12
    2. 1
    3. 2
    ConditionNach Kälteperioden.
    Estimated effortlow
    Notes

    Remove damaged shoots in spring.

Structured month tasks
4
  1. TaskPflanzung ins Freie
    Label

    Harden off young plants and plant outdoors as soon as there is no longer a risk of frost.

    Priorityhigh
    Months
    1. 4
    2. 5
    ConditionNach den letzten Frösten, Bodentemperatur über 10°C.
    Estimated effortmedium
    Notes

    Gradually acclimatize young plants to outdoor temperatures.

  2. TaskDüngung
    Label

    First fertilization, if necessary.

    Prioritymedium
    Months
    1. 4
    ConditionBeginn der Wachstumsperiode.
    Estimated effortlow
    Notes

    Use a slow-release long-term fertilizer.

  3. TaskSchnittmaßnahmen
    Label

    Pruning measures for older plants, if not already done.

    Prioritymedium
    Months
    1. 4
    ConditionVegetationsruhe endet.
    Estimated efforthigh
    Notes

    Remove dead or damaged shoots.

5
  1. TaskBewässerung
    Label

    Water regularly, especially during dry periods.

    Priorityhigh
    Months
    1. 5
    2. 6
    3. 7
    4. 8
    ConditionTrockenes Wetter, Boden trocknet aus.
    Estimated effortmedium
    Notes

    Water deeply to encourage root development.

  2. TaskDüngung
    Label

    Fertilize as needed.

    Prioritymedium
    Months
    1. 5
    2. 6
    ConditionWährend der Wachstumsphase.
    Estimated effortlow
    Notes

    Use liquid fertilizer or compost.

  3. TaskAuslichten
    Label

    Thin out shoots to promote fruit development.

    Prioritymedium
    Months
    1. 5
    2. 6
    ConditionBei starkem Austrieb.
    Estimated effortmedium
    Notes

    Remove superfluous shoots to concentrate energy on fruit development.

  4. TaskRankhilfen
    Label

    Check and adjust supports.

    Prioritylow
    Months
    1. 5
    ConditionBei wachsenden Trieben.
    Estimated effortlow
    Notes

    Ensure shoots are well supported.

6
  1. TaskGrün-Schnitt
    Label

    Green pruning for better ventilation and fruit development.

    Prioritymedium
    Months
    1. 6
    2. 7
    ConditionWährend des Wachstums.
    Estimated effortmedium
    Notes

    Remove excess leaves and shoots.

  2. TaskSchädlingskontrolle
    Label

    Monitor for pests and diseases.

    Priorityhigh
    Months
    1. 6
    2. 7
    3. 8
    ConditionWährend der Wachstums- und Fruchtentwicklungsphase.
    Estimated effortmedium
    Notes

    Take appropriate action if infestation occurs.

7
  1. TaskFruchtbehang auslichten
    Label

    Thin out fruit clusters to improve the quality of remaining grapes.

    Prioritymedium
    Months
    1. 7
    ConditionBei zu dichtem Fruchtbehang.
    Estimated effortmedium
    Notes

    Remove some small clusters so larger ones can ripen better.

  2. TaskSchutz vor Vögeln und Wespen
    Label

    Protect against birds and wasps using nets or other means.

    Priorityhigh
    Months
    1. 7
    2. 8
    3. 9
    ConditionBeginn der Fruchtreife.
    Estimated effortmedium
    Notes

    Apply nets in good time.

8
  1. TaskErnte
    Label

    Begin harvesting as soon as the first grapes are ripe.

    Priorityhigh
    Months
    1. 8
    2. 9
    3. 10
    ConditionFruchtreife.
    Estimated effortmedium
    Notes

    Cut grapes with sharp shears.

  2. TaskBewässerung vor Ernte
    Label

    Reduce watering shortly before harvest to promote sugar content.

    Prioritymedium
    Months
    1. 8
    2. 9
    ConditionKurz vor der Ernte.
    Estimated effortlow
    Notes

    Avoid waterlogging.

9
  1. TaskNachernte-Düngung
    Label

    After harvest, fertilize again if necessary to strengthen the plant for the next year.

    Prioritymedium
    Months
    1. 9
    ConditionNach der Haupternte.
    Estimated effortlow
    Notes

    Potassium-rich fertilizer can promote winter hardiness.

  2. TaskLagerung
    Label

    Store harvested grapes in a cool, dry place.

    Prioritymedium
    Months
    1. 9
    2. 10
    ConditionNach der Ernte.
    Estimated effortlow
    Notes

    Leave grapes on the stem if possible.

10
  1. TaskWinterschnitt
    Label

    Start of winter pruning if needed to maintain plant structure.

    Prioritymedium
    Months
    1. 10
    2. 11
    3. 12
    4. 1
    5. 2
    ConditionNach Laubfall, vor dem Austrieb.
    Estimated efforthigh
    Notes

    Remove old, dead, or crossing shoots.

  2. TaskBodenpflege
    Label

    Soil care, removal of fallen leaves.

    Prioritylow
    Months
    1. 10
    ConditionNach der Ernte.
    Estimated effortlow
    Notes

    Prevents fungal diseases.

11
  1. TaskWinterschnitt
    Label

    Perform winter pruning to shape the plant and promote fruit formation for the next year.

    Priorityhigh
    Months
    1. 11
    2. 12
    3. 1
    4. 2
    ConditionVegetationsruhe.
    Estimated efforthigh
    Notes

    Fundamental pruning for training and yield regulation.

  2. TaskFrostschutz
    Label

    Protect sensitive varieties from severe frost.

    Prioritymedium
    Months
    1. 11
    2. 12
    3. 1
    4. 2
    ConditionBei erwarteten starken Frösten.
    Estimated effortmedium
    Notes

    Cover young plants or sensitive varieties with fleece or brushwood.

12
  1. TaskRuhephase
    Label

    Dormant phase of the plant. Further winter pruning if needed.

    Prioritylow
    Months
    1. 12
    2. 1
    ConditionWinter.
    Estimated effortlow
    Notes

    No active care measures required, except if needed.

  2. TaskFrostschäden kontrollieren
    Label

    Check for frost damage.

    Prioritylow
    Months
    1. 12
    2. 1
    3. 2
    ConditionNach Kälteperioden.
    Estimated effortlow
    Notes

    Remove damaged shoots in spring.

Cultivation specs
Seed
Light germinatorno
Dark germinatorno
Cold germinatorno
Stratification neededno
Pre soaking recommendedno
Direct sowing possibleno
Pre culture recommendedno
Spacing
Plant spacing cm min.100
Plant spacing cm max.200
Row spacing cm min.150
Row spacing cm max.250
Recommended density per sqm min.0.5
Recommended density per sqm max.1
Square foot gardening spacing1 plant per 2-3 sq ft
Spacing notes

Spacing depends on variety and training method. Allow ample space for air circulation.

Growth dimensions
Height cm min.200
Height cm max.500
Width cm min.100
Width cm max.200
Root depth cm min.100
Root depth cm max.200
Growth speedmedium
Final size notes

Growth habit is highly variety-dependent and influenced by pruning and training.

Temperature
Min. growing temperature10 °C
Optimal temperature c min.20
Optimal temperature c max.28
Max. heat tolerance35 °C
Frost sensitiveyes
Late frost sensitiveyes
Heat tolerancemedium
Cold tolerancelow
Temperature notes

Young plants are more frost-sensitive than established ones.

Water
Water needmedium
Critical water phases
  1. flowering
  2. fruit set
  3. fruit development
Drought tolerantno
Drought sensitivitymedium
Waterlogging sensitiveyes
Mulching recommendedyes
Water notes

Consistent moisture is important, avoid waterlogging.

Nutrition
Nutrient groupmedium_feeder
Heavy feederno
Medium feederyes
Light feederno
Nitrogen needmedium
Phosphorus needmedium
Potassium needhigh
Calcium needlow
Magnesium needlow
Compost recommendedyes
Mulching recommendedyes
Fertilizer sensitivitylow
Nutrition notes

Balanced fertilization, especially potassium for fruit quality and winter hardiness.

Container
Container suitableyes
Min. pot volume50 l
Recommended pot volume70 l
Min. pot depth40 cm
Min. pot diameter40 cm
Plants per container min.1
Plants per container max.1
Drainage requiredyes
Repotting neededno
Container notes

Requires a large, deep pot with good drainage. Ensure regular nutrient supply.

Support
Needs supportyes
Support recommendedyes
Climbingyes
Viningyes
Trellis recommendedyes
Support types
  1. trellis
  2. arch
  3. espalier
  4. post_and_wire
Support height cm min.180
Support height cm max.300
Training requiredyes
Support notes

Trellises, pergolas, or espaliers are ideal. Regular tying and training of shoots.

Cultivation modes
Outdoor bed suitableyes
Raised bed suitableyes
Container suitableyes
Balcony suitableyes
Greenhouse suitableyes
Polytunnel suitableyes
Indoor suitableno
Windowsill suitableno
Hydroponic possibleno
Permaculture suitableyes
No dig suitableyes
Yield density
Yield per plant min.2
Yield per plant max.10
Yield unitkg
Yield reliabilitymedium
Yield notes

Yields vary greatly depending on variety, plant age, location, and care.

Site

Sunny, warm, sheltered from wind. Ideally against a south or west-facing house wall.

Soil

Deep, loose, permeable, nutrient-rich, and loamy. Clayey soil with good drainage is advantageous.

Watering

Keep consistently moist, especially during flowering and fruit development. Absolutely avoid waterlogging. Water deeply.

Nutrition

Regular fertilization during the growing season. Compost and organic fertilizers are well tolerated. Potassium-rich fertilization promotes fruit quality and winter hardiness.

Cultivation planning
Succession sowing
Possibleno
Bed planning notes

Requires ample space and stable support. Do not plant too densely.

Rotation prioritylow
Interplanting potentiallow
Mechanization relevancelow
Crop rotation
Notes

Grapevines are perennial crops and are generally not grown as part of a crop rotation. However, when replanting, the soil should be checked for pathogens such as Verticillium wilt. A break of at least 5-10 years is recommended if grapes were previously grown in the same spot.

Deficiencies
Magnesium deficiency
Slugmagnesium_deficiency
Name

Magnesium deficiency

Description

Magnesium is a central component of chlorophyll. Deficiency leads to impaired photosynthesis.

Symptoms
  1. Yellowing between leaf veins (intercostal chlorosis), starting on older leaves
  2. Leaf veins remain green
  3. In severe deficiency: necrosis in chlorotic areas
Management
  1. Foliar spray with Epsom salt (magnesium sulfate)
  2. Soil application of magnesium sulfate or dolomite lime
Potassium deficiency
Slugpotassium_deficiency
Name

Potassium deficiency

Description

Potassium is important for water balance, enzyme activity, and sugar formation. Deficiency affects fruit quality and frost hardiness.

Symptoms
  1. Marginal necrosis and curling of leaves, starting on older leaves
  2. Yellowing of leaf margins
  3. Reduced fruit size and quality
  4. Poor winter hardiness
Management
  1. Soil application of potassium sulfate or potassium magnesium sulfate
  2. Use of potassium-rich organic fertilizers
Iron deficiency
Slugiron_deficiency
Name

iron deficiency

Description

Iron is essential for chlorophyll synthesis. Deficiency often occurs on calcareous soils.

Symptoms
  1. Pronounced yellowing of young leaves (intercostal chlorosis), while leaf veins remain green
  2. In severe deficiency: leaves turn whitish and can die
Management
  1. Foliar spray with iron chelates
  2. Improve soil structure and pH (if too alkaline)
  3. Avoid waterlogging
Problems
Frost damage
Slugfrost_damage
Name

frost damage

Description

Late frosts in spring can damage young shoots and flower buds. Severe winter frosts can also affect older shoots and roots.

Symptoms
  1. Dead, black, or brown young shoots
  2. No regrowth after winter
  3. Damaged flower buds
  4. Cracks in the bark
Management
  1. Selection of frost-hardy varieties
  2. Site selection (wind-sheltered, warm)
  3. Protect young plants with fleece or brushwood
  4. Avoid premature bud break by delaying pruning
Sunburn
Slugsunburn
Name

sunburn on grapes

Description

Direct, intense sunlight, especially during high humidity and heat, can cause burns on the grape berries.

Symptoms
  1. Light-colored, discolored, or white spots on the berries
  2. Cracking and shriveling of affected areas
  3. Loss of fruit quality
Management
  1. Sufficient foliage to protect the grapes
  2. Avoid excessive thinning of leaves in midsummer
  3. Shading during extreme heat (e.g., with shade nets)
Cracking
Slugcracking
Name

cracking grape berries

Description

Rapid water uptake, often after dry periods, can cause berries to split. This favors fungal infections.

Symptoms
  1. Cracks in the berry skin
  2. Juice leakage
  3. Increased risk of grey mold
Management
  1. Ensure consistent watering
  2. Variety selection (split-resistant varieties)
  3. Thinning out fruit clusters for better ventilation
  4. Avoid waterlogging
Problem management
Common pest groups
  1. Sucking insects (aphids, spider mites)
  2. Chewing pests (caterpillars)
  3. Root pests (phylloxera)
Common disease groups
  1. Fungal diseases (mildew, grey mold, Esca)
  2. Bacterial diseases (rare)
Prevention principles
  1. Site selection: Sunny, warm, sheltered from wind.
  2. Soil preparation: Deep, loose, well-drained.
  3. Variety selection: Prefer more resistant varieties.
  4. Plant spacing: Ample space for air circulation.
  5. Pruning: Regular and proper pruning for ventilation and fruit development.
  6. Watering: Consistent, avoid waterlogging.
  7. Fertilization: Balanced, according to needs.
  8. Hygiene: Remove fallen leaves and infected plant parts.
  9. Promote beneficials: Create habitats for natural enemies.
Diagnosis notes

Accurate diagnosis often requires observing symptoms on different plant parts (leaves, shoots, fruits, roots) and considering environmental conditions. If in doubt or suspecting quarantine pests/diseases, consulting an expert is advisable.

Disease graph
Scopegrapevine
Profiles
  1. Slugpowdery_mildew
    Severitymedium
    Conditions
    1. High humidity
    2. Moderate temperatures (15-25°C)
    3. Poor ventilation
    Affected parts
    1. leaves
    2. shoots
    3. grapes
    Prevention
    1. Choose resistant varieties
    2. Pruning for ventilation
    3. Soil hygiene
    Organic control
    1. Sulfur treatment
    2. Plant extracts (e.g., horsetail)
  2. Slugdowny_mildew
    Severityhigh
    Conditions
    1. High humidity
    2. Cool temperatures (10-20°C)
    3. Wet leaves
    Affected parts
    1. leaves
    2. shoots
    3. grapes
    Prevention
    1. Choose resistant varieties
    2. Pruning for ventilation
    3. Water at the base
    Organic control
    1. Copper preparations
    2. Plant extracts (e.g., nettle)
  3. Sluggrey_mold
    Severitymedium
    Conditions
    1. High humidity
    2. Moderate temperatures (15-25°C)
    3. Dense fruit clusters
    Affected parts
    1. grapes
    2. leaves
    3. shoots
    Prevention
    1. Thinning fruit clusters
    2. Good ventilation
    3. Avoid damage
    Organic control
    1. Remove infected grapes
    2. Plant extracts (e.g., garlic)
  4. Slugesca
    Severityhigh
    Conditions
    1. Stress factors (drought, nutrient deficiency)
    2. High temperatures
    3. Plant age
    Affected parts
    1. leaves
    2. shoots
    3. bark
    4. entire plant
    Prevention
    1. Healthy planting
    2. Good care
    3. Avoid pruning wounds
    4. Disinfect tools
    Organic control
    1. Remove and destroy infected parts
    2. Promote vitality
Diagnostic rules
  1. Symptom

    White, powdery coating on leaves and shoots.

    Possible causes
    1. powdery_mildew
    First checks
    1. Is air circulation good?
    2. Are temperatures moderate?
    3. Are grapes affected?
  2. Symptom

    Yellowish spots on upper leaf surfaces, whitish coating on leaf undersides.

    Possible causes
    1. downy_mildew
    First checks
    1. Are leaves often wet?
    2. Are temperatures rather cool?
    3. Are grapes affected?
  3. Symptom

    Gray, fuzzy coating on grapes, berries rotting.

    Possible causes
    1. grey_mold
    First checks
    1. Is humidity high?
    2. Are grapes densely packed?
    3. Are there injuries to the berries?
  4. Symptom

    Leaves show yellowed areas between veins, veins remain green.

    Possible causes
    1. magnesium_deficiency
    2. iron_deficiency
    First checks
    1. Are symptoms visible on young or old leaves first?
    2. Is the soil calcareous?
  5. Symptom

    Leaf margins turn brown and curl inwards.

    Possible causes
    1. potassium_deficiency
    First checks
    1. Are symptoms on older leaves?
    2. Are there signs of drought stress?
Prevention strategy
Cultural
  1. Choose resistant or tolerant varieties.
  2. Provide a sunny, warm, and well-ventilated location.
  3. Improve soil drainage and structure.
  4. Maintain the recommended planting distance.
  5. Carry out regular and proper pruning.
  6. Avoid waterlogging and keep watering consistent.
  7. Ensure balanced nutrient supply.
  8. Carefully remove fallen leaves and infected plant parts.
  9. Disinfect pruning tools between plants.
Monitoring
  1. Regularly inspect plants for early signs of pests and diseases.
  2. Pay particular attention to leaf undersides and young shoots.
  3. Monitor weather conditions (humidity, temperature) and adjust care.
  4. Use pheromone traps to monitor pests such as grape berry moths.
Organic first response
  1. For pest infestation: rinse with water, use beneficial insects (ladybugs, predatory mites), soapy water, or rapeseed oil products.
  2. For fungal infection: sulfur or copper products (according to approval and application instructions), plant teas (e.g. horsetail, nettle).
  3. For nutrient deficiency: foliar sprays with appropriate chelated fertilizers (e.g. Epsom salt for magnesium deficiency).
Notes

Prevention is key to keeping grapevines healthy. A combination of good site selection, resistant varieties, and careful cultivation minimizes the risk of problems.

Diagnosis
Approachsymptom_based
Notes

Diagnosing problems with grapevines often requires careful observation of symptoms and consideration of location, weather, and care. If in doubt, consulting an expert or a plant protection advisory service is recommended.

Phenology
Stages
  1. Bud break: March-April
  2. Flowering: June
  3. Fruit ripening: August-October
Notes

The exact timings depend heavily on the variety, climate, and location. Frost-sensitive varieties may have a later bud break.

Harvest
  1. The harvest time for table grapes ranges from August to October, depending on the variety and ripeness.
  2. Grapes are ripe when they detach easily from the stem, have developed full color, and their typical aroma.
  3. Harvest should be done on a dry day to avoid rot after storage.
Harvest details
Harvest frequency

Once annually, depending on variety and ripeness.

Harvest indicators
  1. Easy detachment of berries from the stem
  2. Full berry coloration
  3. Development of variety-specific aroma
  4. Sugar content (often above 18° Brix)
Post harvest handling

Carefully cut off bunches, leaving them on the stem if possible. Remove damaged berries and leaves. Store cool and dry.

Storage
  1. Table grapes do not store well for long periods and should be consumed as fresh as possible.
  2. Cool storage slightly extends shelf life.
  3. Suitable storage conditions are cool (approx. 0-4°C), dark, and with high humidity.
Storage details
General storage category

Fresh consumption, short-term storage

Storage life

A few days up to a maximum of 2-3 weeks under optimal conditions.

Processing options
  1. Saft
  2. Gelee
  3. Marmelade
  4. Drying into raisins (for suitable varieties)
Processing use
  1. Table grapes can be processed into juice, jelly, jam, or, with suitable varieties, raisins.
  2. They are less suitable for wine production as they often have less acidity and tannins than wine grapes.
Kitchen usage

Fresh consumption, fruit salads, desserts, cake topping, decoration.

Safety and edibility
Edible parts
  1. Fruit (berries)
Inedible or caution parts
  1. Stems (unpleasant taste)
  2. Seeds (absent in seedless varieties, hard and tasteless in seeded varieties)
Toxicity notes

Table grapes are non-toxic to humans and most pets. Caution: Grapes are toxic to dogs and cats and can cause kidney failure.

Raw consumption

Yes, the berries are consumed raw.

Seed saving
  1. The seeds of table grapes are generally not suitable for further propagation, as most varieties are hybrid and the offspring will not exhibit the characteristics of the parent plant.
  2. Propagation is usually done by cuttings or grafting.
Seed saving advanced

For breeding purposes, seeds can be obtained, but this requires specialized knowledge in plant breeding and crossing techniques. Germination of grapevine seeds is often difficult and time-consuming.

Varieties
Selected varieties
  1. NameMüller-Thurgau
    Slugmueller-thurgau
    Typewhite
    Description

    Early ripening, good for cool climates. Berries are sweet with a hint of muscat.

  2. NameSüßschwarz
    Slugsuessschwarz
    Typered
    Description

    Deep red, very sweet berries. Vigorous growth. Requires a lot of heat.

  3. NameVenus
    Slugvenus
    Typered seedless
    Description

    Seedless table grape. Dark blue, juicy-sweet berries.

  4. NameEsther
    Slugesther
    Typewhite seedless
    Description

    Early, seedless variety. Golden yellow, aromatic berries.

  5. NameBianca
    Slugbianca
    Typewhite
    Description

    Resistant, fungus-tolerant variety (PiWi). Very sweet. Suitable for home gardens.

Notes

For table grapes, special varieties with large, juicy, and sweet berries are usually preferred. Selection depends on climate and desired sweetness.

Rootstocks
Selected rootstocks
  1. NameSO4
    Slugso4
    Description

    Robust against phylloxera and suitable for many soils. Medium vigor.

  2. Name5BB
    Slug5bb
    Description

    Vigorous rootstock, for deep soils. Promotes high yields.

  3. Name3309 Couderc
    Slug3309-couderc
    Description

    Less vigorous, suitable for poor or dry soils.

Relevance notes

Rootstocks are especially important due to phylloxera susceptibility of the grapevine. They influence vigor, yield, and nutrient uptake.

Woody crop details
Training systems to research
  1. Spalier (Cordon-Erziehung)
  2. Doppelbogenerziehung (Guyot)
  3. Weinberg-Erziehung
Rootstock relevancede: Hohe Relevanz. In fast allen Fällen wird die Edelsorte auf eine resistente Unterlage veredelt. | en: High relevance. In almost all cases, the scion variety is grafted onto a resistant rootstock.
Renewal pruning relevancede: Mittel bis hoch. Zur Sicherung der Fruchtbarkeit werden ältere Triebe regelmäßig durch Jungtriebe ersetzt. | en: Medium to high. To secure fertility, older shoots are regularly replaced by young shoots.
Notes

Table grapes are perennial, woody climbing plants. The fruiting cane is renewed annually.

Ecology
Pollinator valuelow
Wildlife valuehigh
Biodiversity notes

Grapevines provide nesting and shelter opportunities for birds and insects. The flowers are visited by wild bees and other insects, although self-pollination predominates.

Practical notes

  1. Table grapes are non-climacteric and do not ripen after harvest. Always harvest them fully ripe, when they have developed their variety-specific aroma.

  2. When planting, ensure sufficient depth and good drainage. Waterlogging is not tolerated.

  3. Annual winter pruning (December to February) is the most important care measure. Without regular pruning, the plant ages and yields less.

  4. Many modern table grape varieties are fungus-tolerant (PiWi) and require less plant protection. Ideal for the home garden.

  5. Grapes are toxic to dogs and cats. Exercise caution with pets.

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