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Pyrus communisPyrus communis

Pyrus communis is an old cultivated plant and is grown in numerous varieties as an orchard tree. The fruit is called pear.

Pyrus communis (Pyrus communis): plant portrait for plant portrait - Fruit, Rose family, sunny, warm, airy
Pyrus communis: plant portrait. harvest: Aug, Sep, Oct.

Quick profile

Key data

Planting

Oct, Nov, Mar, Apr

Harvest

Aug, Sep, Oct

Light

sunny, warm, airy

Good neighbors

chivescalendulaherb strips

Avoid

strongly competing woody plants in the root zone

Growing data

Pyrus communis Growing data

Plant spacing

250 - 600 cm

Row spacing

300 - 700 cm

Planting and spacing

Plant spacing250 - 600 cm
Row spacing300 - 700 cm

Container, support and growth

Height200 - 800 cm
Width200 - 600 cm

Year plan

Pyrus communis Calendar

All plants
Indoor sowingDirect sowingPlantingHarvest

Indoor sowing

No data

Pears are propagated by grafting, not by seed.

Direct sowing

No data

No direct sowing for true-to-type trees.

Planting

OctNovMarApr

Plant bare-root trees while dormant; container trees can also be planted in spring.

Harvest

AugSepOct

Pick from late summer to autumn depending on cultivar.

Growing

Pyrus communis Site, soil and care

Light

sunny, warm, airy

Spacing

250 - 600 cm

Storage

Storage life: summer pears short; storage pears several weeks to months, Conditions: cool, clean, and dry or slightly humid depending on crop, Processing options: fresh eating, preserving, drying

Pruning

Pyrus communis Pruning

Spalier

Goal

Spalier

Pruning timing

Spring

JanFebMarAprMayJun

Pruning to encourage new growth Pruning in spring encourages new growth., Pruning in spring encourages new growth.

Summer

JulAugSepOctNov

Pruning to maintain shape Pruning in summer maintains shape., Pruning in summer maintains shape.

Remove

  • Dead branches
  • Damaged branches
  • Weak branches

Preserve

  • Strong branches
  • Fruit-bearing branches

Avoid

  • Young branches
  • Flowering branches

Tools and hygiene

Clean and sharp tools

Companion guide

Pyrus communis Companion guide

Companion guide

Good neighbors

chivescalendulaherb strips

Avoid

strongly competing woody plants in the root zone

Health

Pests, Diseases

Sources

Public sources

  1. Wikidata entity

    Wikidata · 2026-05-12

  2. GBIF species match

    GBIF · 2026-05-12

  3. Deutschsprachige Wikipedia: Kultur-Birne

    Wikipedia · 2026-05-12

  4. English Wikipedia: Pyrus communis

    Wikipedia · 2026-05-12

Details

More public plant data

Names
Common

Pyrus communis

Plural

Pyrus communis

BotanicalPyrus communis
Synonyms
  1. European pear
  2. pear
Common synonyms
  1. European pear
  2. pear
Regional names
Historical names
Market names
Misspellings
Search terms
  1. Pyrus communis
Taxonomy
KingdomPlantae
Clades
  1. Tracheophyta
  2. Angiosperms
OrderRosales
Family botanicalRosaceae
Family

Rose family

Family idrosaceae
GenusPyrus
SpeciesPyrus communis
Hybrid statusnot_hybrid
Classification
Main groupFruit
Sub groupPome fruit
Crop groupPear
Life cyclePerennial
Perennialyes
Woodyyes
Treeyes
Shrubno
Edible parts
  1. fruit
Nutrient groupPear
Calendar
Sowing indoor
Notes

Pears are propagated by grafting, not by seed.

Sowing outdoor
Notes

No direct sowing for true-to-type trees.

Planting out
Months
  1. 10
  2. 11
  3. 3
  4. 4
Earliest month3
Latest month11
Notes

Plant bare-root trees while dormant; container trees can also be planted in spring.

Harvest
Months
  1. 8
  2. 9
  3. 10
Earliest month8
Latest month10
Notes

Pick from late summer to autumn depending on cultivar.

Month tasks
Cultivation specs
Spacing
Plant spacing cm min.250
Plant spacing cm max.600
Row spacing cm min.300
Row spacing cm max.700
Spacing notes

Rootstock and training form determine final spacing.

Growth dimensions
Height cm min.200
Height cm max.800
Width cm min.200
Width cm max.600
Site
Sun

sunny, warm, airy

Shelter

shelter as needed

Notes

Avoid frost pockets because pears flower early.

Soil
Texture

deep, humus-rich, well-drained

PH range
Min.6
Max.7
Notes

Avoid waterlogging and extreme drought.

Watering
Frequency

regularly for young trees

Method

at the root zone

Notes

Water during dry spells while fruit is sizing.

Nutrition
Fertilizer type

compost or organic fruit-tree fertilizer

Frequency

as needed

Notes

Too much nitrogen promotes soft growth and disease pressure.

Cultivation planning
Succession sowing
Possibleno
Bed planning notes

Plan for a pollination partner and canopy development.

Rotation prioritylow
Interplanting potentialmedium
Mechanization relevancelow
Problems
Common
  1. biennial bearing
  2. late frost damage
  3. fruit drop
Diagnosis

Check water, site, nutrition, and pest pressure first.

Problem management
Common pest groups
  1. aphids
  2. pear psylla
  3. codling moth
Common disease groups
  1. pear rust
  2. scab
  3. fire blight
Prevention principles
  1. choose a suitable site
  2. keep growth airy
  3. use rotation and hygiene
  4. inspect plants regularly
Diagnosis notes

Assess symptoms together with site, weather, and growth stage.

Disease graph
Scopegeneral_crop_health
Profiles
  1. Slugpear-rust
    Name

    pear rust

    Severitymedium
    Conditions
    1. humid canopy
    2. site or weather stress
    Prevention
    1. space plants for airflow
    2. remove diseased plant material
  2. Slugscab
    Name

    scab

    Severitymedium
    Conditions
    1. humid canopy
    2. site or weather stress
    Prevention
    1. space plants for airflow
    2. remove diseased plant material
  3. Slugfire-blight
    Name

    fire blight

    Severitymedium
    Conditions
    1. humid canopy
    2. site or weather stress
    Prevention
    1. space plants for airflow
    2. remove diseased plant material
Harvest
Timing

pick when fruit releases easily

Harvest indicators
  1. typical cultivar size
  2. ground color lightens
Method

harvest gently and cleanly

Storage
Storage life

summer pears short; storage pears several weeks to months

Conditions

cool, clean, and dry or slightly humid depending on crop

Processing options
  1. fresh eating
  2. preserving
  3. drying
Kitchen usage
Primary uses
  1. fresh fruit
  2. compote
  3. cakes
  4. juice
Flavor profile

sweet, juicy, aromatic depending on cultivar

Preparation notes

Wash thoroughly before use and use only sound plant parts.

Safety and edibility
Edible parts
  1. ripe fruit
Inedible or caution parts
  1. do not deliberately eat seeds in large quantities
Toxicity notes

Do not consume if identification is uncertain; do not infer medicinal claims.

Raw consumption

Ripe fruit is edible raw.

Varieties
  1. Kulturbirne
  2. Pyrus communis
  3. Gartenbirnbaum
  4. Wildbirne
  5. Birnbaum
  6. Birne
Rootstocks
  1. Pyrus communis
Woody crop details
Training systems to research
  1. Spalier
  2. High trellis
  3. Low trellis
  4. Arboreal
Rootstock relevancePyrus communis
Renewal pruning relevancePyrus communis
Notes

Pyrus communis is an old cultivated plant and is grown in numerous varieties as an orchard tree., The fruit is called pear.

Ecology
Pollinator valueAttracts pollinators
Wildlife valueProvides food for wildlife
Biodiversity notes

Supports biodiversity in the ecosystem