Profile
Pyrus communisPyrus communis
Pyrus communis is an old cultivated plant and is grown in numerous varieties as an orchard tree. The fruit is called pear.

Quick profile
Key data
Planting
Oct, Nov, Mar, Apr
Harvest
Aug, Sep, Oct
Light
sunny, warm, airy
Good neighbors
chivescalendulaherb strips
Avoid
strongly competing woody plants in the root zone
Growing data
Pyrus communis Growing data
Plant spacing
250 - 600 cm
Row spacing
300 - 700 cm
Planting and spacing
Container, support and growth
Year plan
Pyrus communis Calendar
Indoor sowing
Pears are propagated by grafting, not by seed.
Direct sowing
No direct sowing for true-to-type trees.
Planting
Plant bare-root trees while dormant; container trees can also be planted in spring.
Harvest
Pick from late summer to autumn depending on cultivar.
Growing
Pyrus communis Site, soil and care
Light
sunny, warm, airy
Spacing
250 - 600 cm
Storage
Storage life: summer pears short; storage pears several weeks to months, Conditions: cool, clean, and dry or slightly humid depending on crop, Processing options: fresh eating, preserving, drying
Pruning
Pyrus communis Pruning
Spalier
Goal
Spalier
Pruning timing
Spring
Pruning to encourage new growth Pruning in spring encourages new growth., Pruning in spring encourages new growth.
Summer
Pruning to maintain shape Pruning in summer maintains shape., Pruning in summer maintains shape.
Remove
- Dead branches
- Damaged branches
- Weak branches
Preserve
- Strong branches
- Fruit-bearing branches
Avoid
- Young branches
- Flowering branches
Tools and hygiene
Clean and sharp tools
Companion guide
Pyrus communis Companion guide
Good neighbors
chivescalendulaherb strips
Avoid
strongly competing woody plants in the root zone
Health
Pests, Diseases
Plant health
Internal links
Related plants
Sources
Public sources
- Wikidata entity
Wikidata · 2026-05-12
- GBIF species match
GBIF · 2026-05-12
- Deutschsprachige Wikipedia: Kultur-Birne
Wikipedia · 2026-05-12
- English Wikipedia: Pyrus communis
Wikipedia · 2026-05-12
Details
More public plant data
Names
Common
Pyrus communis
Plural
Pyrus communis
Synonyms
- European pear
- pear
Common synonyms
- European pear
- pear
Regional names
Historical names
Market names
Misspellings
Search terms
- Pyrus communis
Taxonomy
Clades
- Tracheophyta
- Angiosperms
Family
Rose family
Classification
Edible parts
- fruit
Calendar
Sowing indoor
Notes
Pears are propagated by grafting, not by seed.
Sowing outdoor
Notes
No direct sowing for true-to-type trees.
Planting out
Months
- 10
- 11
- 3
- 4
Notes
Plant bare-root trees while dormant; container trees can also be planted in spring.
Harvest
Months
- 8
- 9
- 10
Notes
Pick from late summer to autumn depending on cultivar.
Month tasks
Cultivation specs
Spacing
Spacing notes
Rootstock and training form determine final spacing.
Growth dimensions
Site
Sun
sunny, warm, airy
Shelter
shelter as needed
Notes
Avoid frost pockets because pears flower early.
Soil
Texture
deep, humus-rich, well-drained
PH range
Notes
Avoid waterlogging and extreme drought.
Watering
Frequency
regularly for young trees
Method
at the root zone
Notes
Water during dry spells while fruit is sizing.
Nutrition
Fertilizer type
compost or organic fruit-tree fertilizer
Frequency
as needed
Notes
Too much nitrogen promotes soft growth and disease pressure.
Cultivation planning
Succession sowing
Bed planning notes
Plan for a pollination partner and canopy development.
Problems
Common
- biennial bearing
- late frost damage
- fruit drop
Diagnosis
Check water, site, nutrition, and pest pressure first.
Problem management
Common pest groups
- aphids
- pear psylla
- codling moth
Common disease groups
- pear rust
- scab
- fire blight
Prevention principles
- choose a suitable site
- keep growth airy
- use rotation and hygiene
- inspect plants regularly
Diagnosis notes
Assess symptoms together with site, weather, and growth stage.
Disease graph
Profiles
- Slugpear-rust
Name
pear rust
SeveritymediumConditions
- humid canopy
- site or weather stress
Prevention
- space plants for airflow
- remove diseased plant material
- Slugscab
Name
scab
SeveritymediumConditions
- humid canopy
- site or weather stress
Prevention
- space plants for airflow
- remove diseased plant material
- Slugfire-blight
Name
fire blight
SeveritymediumConditions
- humid canopy
- site or weather stress
Prevention
- space plants for airflow
- remove diseased plant material
Harvest
Timing
pick when fruit releases easily
Harvest indicators
- typical cultivar size
- ground color lightens
Method
harvest gently and cleanly
Storage
Storage life
summer pears short; storage pears several weeks to months
Conditions
cool, clean, and dry or slightly humid depending on crop
Processing options
- fresh eating
- preserving
- drying
Kitchen usage
Primary uses
- fresh fruit
- compote
- cakes
- juice
Flavor profile
sweet, juicy, aromatic depending on cultivar
Preparation notes
Wash thoroughly before use and use only sound plant parts.
Safety and edibility
Edible parts
- ripe fruit
Inedible or caution parts
- do not deliberately eat seeds in large quantities
Toxicity notes
Do not consume if identification is uncertain; do not infer medicinal claims.
Raw consumption
Ripe fruit is edible raw.
Varieties
- Kulturbirne
- Pyrus communis
- Gartenbirnbaum
- Wildbirne
- Birnbaum
- Birne
Rootstocks
- Pyrus communis
Woody crop details
Training systems to research
- Spalier
- High trellis
- Low trellis
- Arboreal
Notes
Pyrus communis is an old cultivated plant and is grown in numerous varieties as an orchard tree., The fruit is called pear.
Ecology
Biodiversity notes
Supports biodiversity in the ecosystem



