Profile

New Zealand spinachTetragonia tetragonoides

New Zealand spinach is the ultimate summer green for hot climates. While true spinach bolts quickly in the heat, this trailing member of the fig-marigold family thrives as temperatures rise. It produces succulent, triangular leaves and forms a dense carpet, making it an excellent living mulch or underplanting for tomatoes and corn.

New Zealand spinach (Tetragonia tetragonoides): plant portrait for plant portrait - Vegetables, Fig-marigold family, Harvest
New Zealand spinach: plant portrait. harvest: June - October.

Quick profile

Key data

Planting

May - June

Harvest

June - October

Water

medium

Good neighbors

TomatoCornCabbage

Avoid

No data

Growing data

New Zealand spinach Growing data

Seed depth

1 - 2 cm

Plant spacing

50 - 80 cm

Row spacing

60 - 100 cm

Germination temp

15 - 25 °C

Sowing and germination

Seed depth1 - 2 cm
Germination temp15 - 25 °C
Germination time14 - 28 days
Seed viability3 - 5 years
Light germinatorNo
Dark germinatorYes
Cold germinatorNo
Stratification neededNo
Pre-soaking recommendedYes
Direct sowing possibleYes
Pre-culture recommendedYes

Planting and spacing

Plant spacing50 - 80 cm
Row spacing60 - 100 cm
Plants per m²2 - 4 per m²
Bed widthfrom 80 cm
Spacing1 per 4 squares

Temperature and site

Soil temperature12 - 18 °C
Growing temperaturefrom 10 °C
Optimal temperature18 - 25 °C
Frost sensitiveYes
Late frost sensitiveYes
Heat tolerancehigh
Cold tolerancelow

Water, nutrients and care

Watermedium
Critical water phasesEstablishment phase, Summer heat waves
Watering methodbase watering
Droughtlow
Waterlogging sensitiveYes
Mulching recommendedYes
Nutrient needmedium_feeder
Compost recommendedYes
Fertilizer sensitivitylow

Container, support and growth

Container suitableYes
Pot sizeVolume: from 10 l; Recommended: from 20 l; Depth: from 25 cm
SupportNo
Height20 - 40 cm
Width60 - 120 cm
Root depth20 - 40 cm
Yield0.5 - 1.5 kg

Year plan

New Zealand spinach Calendar

All plants
Indoor sowingDirect sowingPlantingHarvest

Indoor sowing

March - April

Indoor pre-culture in pots recommended due to slow germination.

Direct sowing

May - June

Direct sowing only after the last frost when soil is sufficiently warm.

Planting

May - June

Plant out after the last frost; plants require significant space.

Harvest

June - October

Continuous harvesting of shoot tips encourages bushy growth.

Year plan
  1. Start pre-culture
  2. Planting out

Growing

New Zealand spinach Site, soil and care

Spacing

50 - 80 cm

Storage

Fresh storage: In the refrigerator for 2-3 days, Long term preservation: Blanching and freezing

  • Type: tip, Text: Soak seeds in lukewarm water for 24 hours before sowing to soften the hard outer shell.
  • Type: warning, Text: Oxalic acid content: Like true spinach, it should be blanched before consumption if sensitive.

Pruning

New Zealand spinach Pruning

pinching_and_heading_back

Goal

pinching_and_heading_back

Pruning timing

Summer

June - October

Ongoing harvest and growth control Regular cutting every 1-2 weeks encourages bushy growth.

Remove

  • Shoot tips starting from a length of 10-15 cm
  • Individual leaves as needed
  • Seed heads to extend the harvest period

Preserve

  • Main stems at the base
  • Lower branchings for regeneration

Avoid

  • Radical pruning of the entire plant to the ground
  • Removing more than one third of the leaf mass at once

Tools and hygiene

Use clean tools to avoid soft rot at the cut surfaces.

Companion guide

New Zealand spinach Companion guide

Companion guide

Good neighbors

TomatoCornCabbage

Avoid

No data

Health

Pests, Diseases

Deficiencies

Nitrogen deficiency

Pale green to yellowish leaves, slow growth.

Plant health

FAQ

Can you eat New Zealand spinach raw?

In small amounts yes, but blanching is recommended due to oxalic acid and saponins.

Related plants

Spinach

Same crop group

Lettuce

Similar nutrient needs

Sources

Public sources

  1. Wikidata entity

    Wikidata · 2026-05-14

  2. GBIF species match

    GBIF · 2026-05-14

  3. Deutschsprachige Wikipedia: Neuseeländer Spinat

    Wikipedia · 2026-05-14

  4. English Wikipedia: Tetragonia tetragonioides

    Wikipedia · 2026-05-14

Details

More public plant data

Names
Common

New Zealand spinach

Plural

New Zealand spinach

BotanicalTetragonia tetragonoides
Botanical author(Pall.) Kuntze
Scientific synonyms
  1. Tetragonia expansa Murray
  2. Demidovia tetragonoides Pall.
  3. Tetragonia tetragonioides (Pall.) Kuntze
  4. Tetragonia halimifolia G.Forst.
Synonyms
  1. Warrigal greens
  2. Botany Bay greens
  3. Cook's cabbage
  4. Sea spinach
Common synonyms
  1. Warrigal greens
  2. Native spinach
Regional names
  1. Warrigal greens
  2. Botany Bay greens
Historical names
  1. Cook's cabbage
Market names
  1. New Zealand spinach
Misspellings
  1. Tetragonia tetragonioides
International names
Fr
  1. Tétragone cornue
  2. Épinard de la Nouvelle-Zélande
Es
  1. Espinaca de Nueva Zelanda
It
  1. Spinacio della Nuova Zelanda
Pl
  1. Trętwian czworoboczny
Ambiguous names
  1. NameSpinat
    Languagede
    Shared with
    1. Spinacia oleracea
    Clarification

    Not a true spinach, but a member of the fig-marigold family.

Search terms
  1. New Zealand spinach
  2. Tetragonia tetragonoides
  3. Warrigal greens
Taxonomy
KingdomPlantae
Clades
  1. Angiosperms
  2. Eudicots
  3. Core eudicots
OrderCaryophyllales
Family botanicalAizoaceae
Family

Fig-marigold family

Family idaizoaceae
SubfamilyAizooideae
TribeTetragonieae
GenusTetragonia
SpeciesTetragonia tetragonoides
Hybrid statusnot_hybrid
Related crops
  1. Spinacia oleracea
  2. Atriplex hortensis
Classification
Main groupVegetables
Sub groupLeafy Vegetables
Crop groupSpinach-like greens
Life cycleAnnual
Perennialno
Woodyno
Treeno
Shrubno
Edible parts
  1. Leaves
  2. Shoot tips
Nutrient groupLow-feeder
Calendar
Sowing indoor
Months
  1. 3
  2. 4
Earliest month3
Latest month4
Notes

Indoor pre-culture in pots recommended due to slow germination.

Sowing outdoor
Months
  1. 5
  2. 6
Earliest month5
Latest month6
Notes

Direct sowing only after the last frost when soil is sufficiently warm.

Planting out
Months
  1. 5
  2. 6
Earliest month5
Latest month6
Notes

Plant out after the last frost; plants require significant space.

Harvest
Months
  1. 6
  2. 7
  3. 8
  4. 9
  5. 10
Earliest month6
Latest month10
Notes

Continuous harvesting of shoot tips encourages bushy growth.

Month tasks
3
  1. Sow in pots on the windowsill or in the greenhouse.

4
  1. Harden off young plants and prepare for transplanting.

5
  1. Transplant into the open ground after mid-May.

6
  1. Water regularly and harvest the first shoot tips.

10
  1. Final harvest before the first frost.

Month tasks structured
3
  1. Tasksowing
    Label

    Start pre-culture

    Prioritymedium
    Months
    1. 3
    2. 4
    Estimated effortlow
    Notes

    Pre-soak seeds in lukewarm water for 24 hours.

5
  1. Taskplanting
    Label

    Planting out

    Priorityhigh
    Months
    1. 5
    2. 6
    ConditionAfter last frost
    Estimated effortmedium
    Notes

    Maintain wide spacing as plants spread vigorously.

Book content
Overview

New Zealand spinach is the ultimate summer green for hot climates. While true spinach bolts quickly in the heat, this trailing member of the fig-marigold family thrives as temperatures rise. It produces succulent, triangular leaves and forms a dense carpet, making it an excellent living mulch or underplanting for tomatoes and corn.

Structured month tasks
3
  1. Tasksowing_indoor
    Label

    Indoor sowing

    Prioritymedium
    Months
    1. 3
    2. 4
    Notes

    Sow seeds 1 cm deep.

7
  1. Taskharvesting
    Label

    Main harvest

    Prioritymedium
    Months
    1. 7
    2. 8
    3. 9
    Notes

    Regular cutting prevents flowering.

Cultivation specs
Seed
Seed depth cm min.1
Seed depth cm max.2
Light germinatorno
Dark germinatoryes
Cold germinatorno
Stratification neededno
Pre soaking recommendedyes
Germination temperature c min.15
Germination temperature c max.25
Germination days min.14
Germination days max.28
Seed lifespan years min.3
Seed lifespan years max.5
Direct sowing possibleyes
Pre culture recommendedyes
Spacing
Plant spacing cm min.50
Plant spacing cm max.80
Row spacing cm min.60
Row spacing cm max.100
Recommended density per sqm min.2
Recommended density per sqm max.4
Thinning distance50 cm
Min. bed width80 cm
Square foot gardening spacing1 per 4 squares
Spacing notes

Plants spread horizontally and provide ground cover.

Growth dimensions
Height cm min.20
Height cm max.40
Width cm min.60
Width cm max.120
Root depth cm min.20
Root depth cm max.40
Growth speedfast
Final size notes

Trailing habit, can become very expansive under good conditions.

Temperature
Min. growing temperature10 °C
Optimal temperature c min.18
Optimal temperature c max.25
Max. heat tolerance35 °C
Soil temperature for sowing c min.12
Soil temperature for sowing c optimal18
Frost sensitiveyes
Late frost sensitiveyes
Heat tolerancehigh
Cold tolerancelow
Temperature notes

Dies immediately at the first sign of frost.

Water
Water needmedium
Critical water phases
  1. Establishment phase
  2. Summer heat waves
Drought tolerantyes
Drought sensitivitylow
Waterlogging sensitiveyes
Mulching recommendedyes
Water notes

Tolerates drought better than true spinach, but benefits from consistent moisture.

Nutrition
Nutrient groupmedium_feeder
Heavy feederno
Medium feederyes
Light feederno
Nitrogen needmedium
Phosphorus needlow
Potassium needmedium
Compost recommendedyes
Mulching recommendedyes
Fertilizer sensitivitylow
Nutrition notes

Moderately fertilized soil is sufficient; excess nitrogen leads to nitrate accumulation.

Container
Container suitableyes
Min. pot volume10 l
Recommended pot volume20 l
Min. pot depth25 cm
Plants per container min.1
Plants per container max.1
Drainage requiredyes
Repotting neededno
Container notes

Use large pots or balcony boxes as shoots will hang over the edges.

Support
Needs supportno
Support recommendedno
Climbingno
Viningyes
Trellis recommendedno
Training requiredno
Support notes

Grows flat on the ground; no climbing aid needed.

Cultivation modes
Outdoor bed suitableyes
Raised bed suitableyes
Container suitableyes
Balcony suitableyes
Greenhouse suitableyes
Polytunnel suitableyes
Indoor suitableno
Windowsill suitableno
Hydroponic possibleyes
Permaculture suitableyes
No dig suitableyes
Yield density
Yield per plant min.0.5
Yield per plant max.1.5
Yield unitkg
Yield per sqm min.2
Yield per sqm max.4
Yield reliabilityhigh
Yield notes

Very productive due to continuous new growth.

Site
Exposure

Full sun to partial shade

Wind protection

Not strictly necessary

Soil
Type

Sandy loam, humus-rich

PH min.6
PH max.7.5
Watering
Frequency

Regularly, do not let soil dry out completely

Nutrition
Main fertilizer

Compost or organic slow-release fertilizer

Cultivation planning
Succession sowing
Possibleno
Bed planning notes

Ideal as a ground filler under tall crops like tomatoes or corn.

Rotation prioritymedium
Interplanting potentialhigh
Mechanization relevancelow
Crop rotation
Rotation groupleaf_vegetables
Years break3
Preceding crops
  1. Peas
  2. Beans
  3. Early potatoes
Succeeding crops
  1. Cabbage
  2. Leeks
  3. Onions
Notes

As it is not related to true spinach, it is a good alternative in tight crop rotations.

Deficiencies
Nitrogen
Name

Nitrogen deficiency

Symptoms

Pale green to yellowish leaves, slow growth.

Problems
Frost damage
Name

Frost damage

Symptoms

Plant turns black and mushy.

Nitrate accumulation
Name

Nitrate accumulation

Symptoms

No external symptoms, results from over-fertilization.

Problem management
Common pest groups
  1. Sucking insects
  2. Slugs
Common disease groups
  1. Fungal diseases (rare)
Prevention principles
  1. Sufficient spacing for good ventilation.
  2. Water directly at the base.
  3. Regular harvesting promotes vitality.
Diagnosis notes

The plant is overall very robust against pests and diseases.

Disease graph
Scopecommon_ailments
Profiles
  1. Slugfungal-leaf-spot
    Severitylow
    Conditions
    1. High humidity
    2. Dense planting
    Affected parts
    1. Old leaves
    Prevention
    1. Maintain spacing
    2. Thin out lower leaves
    Organic control
    1. Remove infected leaves
    2. Spray horsetail tea
Diagnostic rules
  1. Symptom

    Yellow leaves at the base

    Possible causes
    1. Nitrogen deficiency
    2. Natural aging
    3. Waterlogging
    First checks
    1. Check soil moisture
    2. Check fertilization status
Prevention strategy
Cultural
  1. Site selection (sunny)
  2. Soil loosening
Monitoring
  1. Weekly check of shoot tips for aphids
Organic first response
  1. Spraying with a water jet for aphid infestation
Notes

Harvest note: Be aware of oxalic acid content (similar to true spinach).

Diagnosis
Phenology
Stages
  1. Germination
  2. Vegetative growth with heavy branching
  3. Flowering in leaf axils
  4. Maturation of four-winged capsule fruits
Notes

The plant has a trailing habit and continues to produce new side shoots throughout the summer.

Flowering pollination
Flowering period

July to September

Flower color

Yellow-green

Flower type

Inconspicuous solitary flowers in leaf axils

Harvest
Harvest season

June to October

Main harvest method

Cutting off the shoot tips (approx. 10-15 cm)

Harvest details
Harvest frequency

Regularly every 1-2 weeks

Harvest indicators
  1. Shoots have reached a length of 10 cm
  2. Leaves are succulent and deep green
  3. Before seed sets (for best quality)
Post harvest handling

Use immediately or wrap in a damp cloth; wilts quickly.

Storage
Fresh storage

In the refrigerator for 2-3 days

Long term preservation

Blanching and freezing

Storage details
General storage category

Short-term storage (fresh vegetable)

Storage life

Very short; loses crispness quickly.

Processing options
  1. Freezing
  2. Canning (rarely)
  3. Drying not recommended
Processing use
Preparation

Wash thoroughly, remove thick stems from older shoots.

Cooking methods
  1. Steaming
  2. Blanching
  3. Stir-frying
Kitchen usage
Flavor profile

Mild, slightly acidic, similar to true spinach but more robust.

Culinary role

Substitute for spinach in all warm dishes; side dish for fish and meat.

Safety and edibility
Edible parts
  1. Young leaves
  2. Tender shoot tips
Inedible or caution parts
  1. Tough, woody stems
  2. Mature fruits (seed capsules)
Toxicity notes

Contains oxalic acid and saponins; blanching reduces the content.

Raw consumption

Possible in small amounts, but blanching is recommended due to oxalic acid.

Seed saving
Harvesting seeds

In autumn, collect the hard, brown seed capsules.

Cleaning storage

Further dry the capsules and store in a dry place; the entire fruit is sown.

Seed saving advanced
Isolation distance

No crossing with true spinach possible.

Seed viability

3-5 years when stored in cool, dry conditions.

Woody crop details
Renewal pruning relevancehigh
Notes

New Zealand spinach is not a woody plant, but an annual herbaceous plant. Care focuses on pinching back shoot tips for harvest.

Ecology
Pollinator valuelow
Wildlife valuelow
Biodiversity notes

Inconspicuous flowers attract few insects, but the dense ground cover provides shelter for ground beetles.

Practical notes
  1. Typetip
    Text

    Soak seeds in lukewarm water for 24 hours before sowing to soften the hard outer shell.

  2. Typewarning
    Text

    Oxalic acid content: Like true spinach, it should be blanched before consumption if sensitive.

Seasonal content
Spring

Start indoor pre-culture and pre-soak seeds.

Summer

Main harvest time; ensure adequate water supply.

Autumn

Collect seeds for next year before the frost arrives.