soybeanGlycine max

soybean

soybeans

1. Soja max
2. Phaseolus max
3. Phaseolus sordidus

1. soya bean plant
2. soybean plant
3. soy bean plant
4. soy plant
5. soy
6. soya
7. soybeans
8. Glycine max

1. soy bean
2. soybean
3. soya bean

1. Soy

1. soybean
2. soy
3. Glycine max

1. Tracheophytes
2. Angiosperms
3. Eudicots
4. Rosids

legume family

1. seeds
2. beans

The soybean (Glycine max) is an annual plant from the legume family, cultivated worldwide for its protein-rich seeds. It requires a long, warm growing season and prefers sunny locations with well-draining soil. Soybeans are nitrogen-fixing, thus improving soil quality. Harvest occurs in autumn when the pods are dry. The seeds are versatile after thorough processing but are indigestible raw.

1. TaskSow seeds outdoors

   Label

   Sow soybeans

   Priorityhigh

   Months

   1. 5

   ConditionSoil temperature at least 10°C, no frost risk

   Estimated effortlow

   Notes

   Sow into well-prepared soil.

1. TaskContinue sowing or care for young plants

   Label

   Continue sowing or care for young plants

   Prioritymedium

   Months

   1. 6

   ConditionOngoing growth

   Estimated effortlow

   Notes

   Resow if needed or remove weeds.

1. TaskPest and disease control

   Label

   Pest and disease control

   Prioritymedium

   Months

   1. 7

   ConditionVisible signs of pests or diseases

   Estimated effortlow

   Notes

   Regularly check for signs of pests or diseases.

1. TaskEnsure adequate watering

   Label

   Ensure adequate watering

   Priorityhigh

   Months

   1. 8

   ConditionDry weather, flowering or pod development

   Estimated effortmedium

   Notes

   Especially important during flowering and pod development.

1. TaskBegin harvest

   Label

   Begin harvest

   Priorityhigh

   Months

   1. 9

   ConditionBeans are mature and pods are dry

   Estimated effortmedium

   Notes

   Harvest ripe beans. Pods should be dry.

1. TaskContinue harvest

   Label

   Continue harvest

   Priorityhigh

   Months

   1. 10

   ConditionRemaining beans are mature

   Estimated effortmedium

   Notes

   Harvest remaining beans. Allow to dry further in dry weather.

Sunny to partially shaded

Prefers a warm, sheltered location.

1. loamy
2. sandy loam
3. humus-rich

Loose, well-draining, and nutrient-rich soil is ideal. Avoid waterlogging at all costs.

Regularly, especially during dry spells

Best at the root zone to prevent fungal diseases.

Promote consistent soil moisture, but avoid waterlogging.

1. organic
2. balanced

Before sowing and during the growing season as needed

As a legume, soy requires little nitrogen but benefits from phosphorus and potassium. Compost is beneficial.

Soybeans are good predecessors for many vegetable types.

Soybeans are good predecessors for many vegetable types as they enrich the soil with nitrogen. Avoid planting legumes immediately after.

Soybeans are good predecessors for many vegetable types.

1. Aphids
2. Spider mites
3. Beetle larvae

1. Fungal leaf diseases
2. Bacterial leaf diseases
3. Rust diseases

1. Variety selection: Prefer more resistant varieties.
2. Crop rotation: Maintain at least a 2-3 year break for legumes.
3. Site selection: Warm, sunny, and well-ventilated location.
4. Soil care: Loose, well-draining soil with optimal pH (6.0-7.0).
5. Plant health: Ensure adequate nutrient and water supply to strengthen plants.
6. Field hygiene: Remove crop residues and weeds.
7. Regular monitoring: Early detection of pests and diseases.

Diagnosing problems in soybeans often requires careful examination of symptoms on leaves, stems, and roots. Consider environmental conditions and the field's cultivation history.

1. Slugsoybean_rust

   Severityhigh

   Conditions

   1. High humidity
   2. Warm temperatures
   3. Moist leaf surfaces

   Affected parts

   1. Leaves
   2. Stems

   Prevention

   1. Plant resistant varieties
   2. Good ventilation
   3. Field hygiene
   4. Avoid waterlogging

   Organic control

   1. Remove infected material
   2. Copper-based fungicides (limited effectiveness)
2. Slugdowny_mildew

   Severitymedium

   Conditions

   1. High humidity
   2. Cool, damp nights
   3. Prolonged leaf wetness

   Affected parts

   1. Leaves

   Prevention

   1. Plant resistant varieties
   2. Adequate spacing
   3. Good ventilation
   4. Avoid waterlogging

   Organic control

   1. Remove infected material
   2. Plant extracts (e.g., garlic, neem)
3. Slugbacterial_blight

   Severitymedium

   Conditions

   1. Wet weather
   2. Cool temperatures
   3. Leaf contact from rain or irrigation

   Affected parts

   1. Leaves
   2. Stems
   3. Pods

   Prevention

   1. Use certified seed
   2. Crop rotation
   3. Field hygiene
   4. Adequate spacing

   Organic control

   1. Remove infected material
   2. Copper-based sprays (limited effectiveness)

1. Symptom

   Small, reddish-brown spots on leaves, often with a yellow halo, and pustules on the leaf underside.

   Possible causes

   1. soybean_rust

   First checks

   1. Check the underside of leaves for pustules.
   2. Note the weather conditions (humid, warm).
2. Symptom

   Yellowish spots on the upper leaf surface and gray to purplish mold on the underside.

   Possible causes

   1. downy_mildew

   First checks

   1. Examine the leaf underside in humid weather.
   2. Look for signs of wilting.
3. Symptom

   Small, angular, dark brown to black spots on leaves, often with a yellow border.

   Possible causes

   1. bacterial_blight

   First checks

   1. Check for angular spots limited by leaf veins.
   2. Note periods of wet, cool weather.

Start with a visual inspection of the affected plant parts. Look for specific symptoms such as spots, discoloration, pests, or growth abnormalities. Consider the plant's growth stage and current environmental conditions (temperature, humidity). Compare symptoms with known pests and diseases. If uncertain, a soil test or consultation with an expert may be helpful.

1. Yellow leaves

2. Spots on leaves

3. Visible pests (e.g., aphids, spider mites)

4. Stunted growth

5. Missing or small beans

1. Magnifying glass for examining pests and leaf structures.

2. Soil test kit to check pH and nutrient levels.

3. Reference images of diseases and pests.

Accurate diagnosis is crucial for selecting the correct control measures. Do not confuse nutrient deficiencies with diseases or pest infestations.

1. Germination: 7-14 days after sowing
2. Vegetative phase: Until flowering
3. Flowering: Begins approx. 4-8 weeks after sowing
4. Pod development: After flowering
5. Maturity: Approx. 90-150 days after sowing, depending on variety

The growing season varies greatly depending on the variety and climate. Early-maturing varieties are better suited for cooler regions.

Single harvest at the end of the season when the beans are ripe.

1. Yellowing and drying of leaves
2. Dry, brittle pods
3. Hard, non-flexible beans inside the pods
4. Plants begin to shed their leaves

After harvesting, allow the pods to dry until they split open completely or the beans can be easily removed. The beans must be thoroughly dried to prevent storage losses.

Dry, cool, and dark

With proper storage (dry, cool, airtight), they can last for several years.

1. Drying
2. Pickling (after cooking)
3. Fermenting (e.g., tempeh, miso)
4. Grinding into flour

1. Seeds (after processing/cooking)

1. Raw seeds (contain trypsin inhibitors and other anti-nutrients)

Raw soybeans contain trypsin inhibitors, which can interfere with protein digestion, as well as other anti-nutrients. These are largely destroyed by cooking, roasting, or fermentation.

Not recommended. Raw soybeans are difficult to digest and can be harmful to health.

After harvesting, separate the beans from pod debris and contaminants. Allow to dry thoroughly until moisture content is below 12%.

Store in airtight containers in a cool, dry, and dark place. Viability is maintained for 1-3 years.

To ensure varietal purity, seeds should be collected from at least 10-20 healthy plants. Watch for pest infestation during storage.

Soybeans are annual herbaceous plants, not woody varieties. Therefore, details regarding woody varieties, rootstocks, pruning, and training systems are not applicable.

As a legume, the soybean contributes to nitrogen fixation and improves soil structure, which can indirectly promote soil biodiversity. However, it offers limited benefits to pollinators or other wildlife compared to native plants.

In spring, it's time to sow soybeans as soon as the soil is warm enough. Pay attention to the correct soil temperature and avoid frost.

In summer, care focuses on adequate watering, weed control, and monitoring for pests and diseases, especially during flowering and pod development.

Autumn is harvest time for soybeans. Plants are harvested when the pods are dry and the beans are hard.

In winter, the soybean rests. Harvest can be processed and stored. The soil can be prepared for the next season.