Common HazelCorylus avellana

Common Hazel

Hazels

1. Corylus sylvestris
2. Corylus avellana var. sylvestris
3. Corylus avellana subsp. memorabilis
4. Corylus avellana subsp. sylvestris

1. Hazel
2. Hazelnut
3. European Filbert
4. European Hazel
5. Cobnut

1. Hazel
2. Cobnut

1. Hazelnut

1. NameHazel

   Languageen

   Shared with

   1. Corylus colurna
   2. Corylus maxima

   Clarification

   Usually refers to the native Corylus avellana in a UK/European context.

1. Hazelnut
2. Hazel
3. Corylus

1. Tracheophyta
2. Magnoliopsida

Birch family

1. Corylus maxima
2. Corylus colurna

1. Seeds
2. Nuts

The Common Hazel (Corylus avellana) is a native garden staple. As one of the first heralds of spring, it provides valuable pollen for bees and later offers nutritious nuts for humans and wildlife alike.

Hazelnuts have been a staple food since the Stone Age. The specific epithet 'avellana' refers to the ancient Italian city of Abella.

1. Taskmaintenance

   Label

   Winter pruning

   Prioritymedium

   Months

   1. 1
   2. 2

1. Taskplanting

   Label

   Woody plant planting

   Priorityhigh

   Months

   1. 10
   2. 11

Sunny to semi-shade

Moderate wind protection beneficial for pollination.

Loamy, humus-rich, nutrient-rich

Keep moderately moist, especially during fruit set.

Spring application of compost.

Plant a second variety nearby for better pollination.

As a long-lived woody plant, not part of a classic crop rotation. Observe fallow periods or replace soil after removal to prevent replant disease.

1. Weevils
2. Gall mites
3. Aphids

1. Powdery mildew
2. Leaf spot
3. Fruit rot

1. Regular thinning to ensure good aeration.
2. Consistently remove fallen, infested nuts.
3. Encourage beneficial organisms (birds, hedgehogs).

Holes in nuts almost always indicate the hazelnut weevil. Check swollen buds in winter for gall mites.

1. Slugcurculio-nucum

   Severityhigh

   Conditions

   1. Warm spring days during egg-laying

   Affected parts

   1. Fruits
   2. Kernels

   Prevention

   1. Loosen soil under the shrub in winter
   2. Keep chickens under shrubs

   Organic control

   1. Shake beetles off branches early in the morning and collect them

1. Symptom

   Buds are ball-shaped and thickened in late winter

   Possible causes

   1. phytoptus-avellanae

   First checks

   1. Break open buds to check for mites
   2. Mark affected shoots

1. Dormancy
2. Catkin flowering (male)
3. Bud swell
4. Leaf out
5. Fruit development
6. Nut ripening
7. Leaf fall

Very early bloomer; male catkins often open as early as January or February.

January to March

Monoecious (separate male and female flowers on the same plant)

Yellow-brown (catkins)

Red (tiny stigmas)

September to October

Nuts

Collect several times a week.

1. Nuts turn brown
2. Nuts release easily from the husk
3. Nuts fall to the ground naturally

Dry nuts in a well-ventilated, shaded spot until the kernels rattle.

1. Burlap sacks
2. Net bags
3. Wooden crates

Dry storage

Approx. 12 months in shell; significantly shorter when shelled.

1. Drying
2. Roasting
3. Grinding
4. Pressing (hazelnut oil)

High (confectionery industry)

1. Nut shells (fuel/mulch)
2. Hazel rods (weaving/wattling)

Nutty, mild, slightly sweet.

1. Muesli
2. Cakes
3. Cookies
4. Nougat
5. Pesto

1. Seeds (nut kernel)

1. Nut shell
2. Involucre (husk)

Non-toxic, but high allergenic potential for allergy sufferers.

Highly suitable; classic snack nut.

Medium

Sowing of fully ripe, undried nuts in autumn.

Cold stratification for 3-5 months at 1-5°C necessary.

Hazels cross-pollinate easily; seedlings often do not come true to the parent variety.

1. multi-stemmed shrub
2. single-stem standard
3. hedgerow training

Hazels are usually grown on their own roots as shrubs; grafting onto Turkish hazel (Corylus colurna) is possible for standard tree forms.

Crucial pollen source for early wild bees. Habitat for over 70 insect species and a vital food source for squirrels and dormice.

Main time for pruning.

Observation of early pollinators.

Watering during extreme heat.

Main harvest and processing.