{
  "names": {
    "common": {
      "de": "Stangensellerie",
      "en": "celery"
    },
    "plural": {
      "de": "Stangensellerie",
      "en": "celery"
    },
    "botanical": "Apium graveolens var. dulce",
    "synonyms": {
      "de": [
        "Stangensellerie",
        "Apium graveolens var. dulce",
        "Staudensellerie"
      ],
      "en": [
        "celery"
      ]
    },
    "common_synonyms": {
      "de": [
        "Stangensellerie",
        "Apium graveolens var. dulce",
        "Staudensellerie"
      ],
      "en": [
        "celery"
      ]
    },
    "search_terms": {
      "de": [
        "Stangensellerie"
      ],
      "en": [
        "celery",
        "stalk celery"
      ]
    }
  },
  "taxonomy": {
    "kingdom": "Plantae",
    "clades": [
      "Tracheophyta",
      "Magnoliopsida"
    ],
    "order": "Apiales",
    "family_botanical": "Apiaceae",
    "family": {
      "de": "Doldenblütler",
      "en": "Carrot family"
    },
    "family_id": "apiaceae",
    "genus": "Apium",
    "species": "Apium graveolens",
    "botanical_variety": "dulce",
    "hybrid_status": "not_hybrid",
    "related_crops": [
      "Apium graveolens var. rapaceum",
      "Apium graveolens var. secalinum"
    ]
  },
  "classification": {
    "main_group": "Gemüse",
    "sub_group": "Stängelgemüse",
    "life_cycle": "biennial",
    "perennial": false,
    "woody": false,
    "tree": false,
    "shrub": false,
    "edible_parts": {
      "de": [
        "Stängel",
        "Blätter"
      ],
      "en": [
        "stalks",
        "leaves"
      ]
    },
    "nutrient_group": "Gemüse"
  },
  "calendar": {
    "sowing_indoor": {
      "months": [
        2,
        3,
        4
      ],
      "earliest_month": 2,
      "latest_month": 4,
      "notes": {
        "de": "Aussaat ab Februar in Anzuchtschalen bei 15–20 °C. Nicht zu früh aussäen, da sonst Schossergefahr.",
        "en": "Sow from February in seed trays at 15–20 °C. Do not sow too early to avoid bolting."
      }
    },
    "sowing_outdoor": {
      "months": [
        4,
        5
      ],
      "earliest_month": 4,
      "latest_month": 6,
      "notes": {
        "de": "Direktsaat ab Mitte April möglich, wenn der Boden bereits erwärmt ist. Reihenabstand 40 cm.",
        "en": "Direct sowing possible from mid-April once soil is warm. Row spacing 40 cm."
      }
    },
    "planting_out": {
      "months": [
        4,
        5,
        6
      ],
      "earliest_month": 4,
      "latest_month": 6,
      "notes": {
        "de": "Pflanzung ab Ende April nach den letzten Frösten. Pflanzabstand 30–40 cm in der Reihe.",
        "en": "Plant out from late April after the last frosts. Spacing 30–40 cm in the row."
      }
    },
    "harvest": {
      "months": [
        7,
        8,
        9,
        10
      ],
      "earliest_month": 7,
      "latest_month": 10,
      "notes": {
        "de": "Ernte beginnt im Juli, sobald die Stangen die gewünschte Dicke erreicht haben. Vor starkem Frost beernten.",
        "en": "Harvest starts in July once stalks reach desired thickness. Harvest before heavy frost."
      }
    },
    "month_tasks": {
      "1": [
        {
          "de": "Vorkultur planen und Saatgut bestellen.",
          "en": "Plan pre-culture and order seeds."
        }
      ],
      "2": [
        {
          "de": "Aussaat im Haus oder beheizten Gewächshaus.",
          "en": "Sow indoors or in heated greenhouse."
        }
      ],
      "3": [
        {
          "de": "Weiterhin Vorkultur, pikieren der Sämlinge.",
          "en": "Continue pre-culture, prick out seedlings."
        }
      ],
      "4": [
        {
          "de": "Abhärten der Jungpflanzen. Pflanzung im Freiland ab Ende April.",
          "en": "Harden off young plants. Plant outdoors from late April."
        }
      ],
      "5": [
        {
          "de": "Nachsaaten im Freiland möglich. Regelmäßig gießen.",
          "en": "Direct sowings possible outdoors. Water regularly."
        }
      ],
      "6": [
        {
          "de": "Jungpflanzen pflegen, Unkraut entfernen, bei Trockenheit wässern.",
          "en": "Care for young plants, remove weeds, water if dry."
        }
      ],
      "7": [
        {
          "de": "Erntebeginn. Stangen von unten nach oben ernten.",
          "en": "Begin harvest. Harvest stalks from bottom up."
        }
      ],
      "8": [
        {
          "de": "Haupterntezeit. Regelmäßig gießen.",
          "en": "Main harvest period. Water regularly."
        }
      ],
      "9": [
        {
          "de": "Ernte fortsetzen. Bei frühem Frost mit Vlies schützen.",
          "en": "Continue harvest. Protect with fleece if early frost."
        }
      ],
      "10": [
        {
          "de": "Letzte Ernte vor dem Frost. Pflanzenreste kompostieren.",
          "en": "Final harvest before frost. Compost plant residues."
        }
      ]
    },
    "month_tasks_structured": {
      "2": [
        {
          "task": "sow_indoor",
          "label": {
            "de": "Aussaat im Haus",
            "en": "Sow indoors"
          },
          "priority": "high",
          "months": [
            2
          ],
          "condition": "Heated propagation area available",
          "estimated_effort": "medium",
          "notes": {
            "de": "Samen leicht bedecken, gleichmäßig feucht halten.",
            "en": "Cover seeds lightly, keep evenly moist."
          }
        }
      ],
      "3": [
        {
          "task": "prick_out",
          "label": {
            "de": "Pikieren",
            "en": "Prick out"
          },
          "priority": "medium",
          "months": [
            3
          ],
          "condition": "Seedlings have first true leaves",
          "estimated_effort": "medium",
          "notes": {
            "de": "In Einzeltöpfe mit 8 cm Durchmesser pikieren.",
            "en": "Prick out into individual pots 8 cm diameter."
          }
        }
      ],
      "4": [
        {
          "task": "harden_off",
          "label": {
            "de": "Abhärten",
            "en": "Harden off"
          },
          "priority": "high",
          "months": [
            4
          ],
          "condition": "Daytime temperatures above 10 °C",
          "estimated_effort": "low",
          "notes": {
            "de": "Pflanzen tagsüber an geschützten Ort stellen, nachts reinholen.",
            "en": "Place plants outdoors in sheltered spot during day, bring in at night."
          }
        },
        {
          "task": "plant_out",
          "label": {
            "de": "Auspflanzen",
            "en": "Plant out"
          },
          "priority": "high",
          "months": [
            4
          ],
          "condition": "No frost forecast",
          "estimated_effort": "high",
          "notes": {
            "de": "Pflanzabstand 30–40 cm, Reihenabstand 40 cm.",
            "en": "Spacing 30–40 cm, row spacing 40 cm."
          }
        }
      ],
      "5": [
        {
          "task": "direct_sow",
          "label": {
            "de": "Direktsaat",
            "en": "Direct sow"
          },
          "priority": "medium",
          "months": [
            5
          ],
          "condition": "Soil temperature > 10 °C",
          "estimated_effort": "medium",
          "notes": {
            "de": "Samen 0,5 cm tief säen, feucht halten.",
            "en": "Sow seeds 0.5 cm deep, keep moist."
          }
        },
        {
          "task": "water_regularly",
          "label": {
            "de": "Regelmäßig gießen",
            "en": "Water regularly"
          },
          "priority": "high",
          "months": [
            5
          ],
          "condition": "Dry weather",
          "estimated_effort": "medium",
          "notes": {
            "de": "Gleichmäßige Feuchtigkeit ist wichtig.",
            "en": "Even moisture is important."
          }
        }
      ],
      "6": [
        {
          "task": "weed_control",
          "label": {
            "de": "Unkraut jäten",
            "en": "Weed control"
          },
          "priority": "medium",
          "months": [
            6
          ],
          "condition": "As needed",
          "estimated_effort": "medium",
          "notes": {
            "de": "Beete unkrautfrei halten.",
            "en": "Keep beds weed-free."
          }
        },
        {
          "task": "water",
          "label": {
            "de": "Wässern",
            "en": "Water"
          },
          "priority": "high",
          "months": [
            6
          ],
          "condition": "Dry period",
          "estimated_effort": "medium",
          "notes": {
            "de": "Gleichmäßige Wasserversorgung sicherstellen.",
            "en": "Ensure even water supply."
          }
        }
      ],
      "7": [
        {
          "task": "harvest",
          "label": {
            "de": "Ernte",
            "en": "Harvest"
          },
          "priority": "high",
          "months": [
            7
          ],
          "condition": "Stalks > 2 cm diameter",
          "estimated_effort": "high",
          "notes": {
            "de": "Stangen von außen nach innen ernten.",
            "en": "Harvest stalks from outer to inner."
          }
        }
      ],
      "8": [
        {
          "task": "harvest",
          "label": {
            "de": "Ernte",
            "en": "Harvest"
          },
          "priority": "high",
          "months": [
            8
          ],
          "estimated_effort": "high",
          "notes": {
            "de": "Haupterntezeit.",
            "en": "Main harvest period."
          }
        }
      ],
      "9": [
        {
          "task": "harvest",
          "label": {
            "de": "Ernte",
            "en": "Harvest"
          },
          "priority": "high",
          "months": [
            9
          ],
          "estimated_effort": "high",
          "notes": {
            "de": "Ernte fortsetzen.",
            "en": "Continue harvest."
          }
        }
      ],
      "10": [
        {
          "task": "final_harvest",
          "label": {
            "de": "Letzte Ernte",
            "en": "Final harvest"
          },
          "priority": "high",
          "months": [
            10
          ],
          "condition": "Before first hard frost",
          "estimated_effort": "high",
          "notes": {
            "de": "Vor Frost alles ernten.",
            "en": "Harvest all before frost."
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  "book_content": {
    "title": {
      "de": "Stangensellerie",
      "en": "Celery (Apium graveolens var. dulce)"
    },
    "subtitle": {
      "de": "Saftige Stangen für Suppe, Salat und Snack",
      "en": "Crisp stalks for soup, salad, and snacks"
    },
    "short_intro": {
      "de": "Stangensellerie ist ein knackiges, aromatisches Gemüse, das roh und gekocht gleichermaßen beliebt ist. Die langen, saftigen Stangen sind reich an Vitaminen und Mineralstoffen.",
      "en": "Celery is a crisp, aromatic vegetable equally popular raw and cooked. The long, juicy stalks are rich in vitamins and minerals."
    },
    "grower_summary": {
      "de": "Zweijähriger Starkzehrer aus der Familie der Doldenblütler (Apiaceae). Benötigt einen sonnigen bis halbschattigen Standort mit humusreichem, tiefgründigem Boden und gleichmäßiger Wasserversorgung. Aussaat ab Februar im Haus, Pflanzung nach den Eisheiligen. Ernte von Juli bis Oktober.",
      "en": "Biennial heavy feeder from the carrot family (Apiaceae). Requires a sunny to partially shaded location with humus-rich, deep soil and even water supply. Sow from February indoors, plant out after the Ice Saints. Harvest from July to October."
    }
  },
  "structured_month_tasks": {
    "2": [
      {
        "task": "sow_indoor",
        "label": {
          "de": "Aussaat im Haus",
          "en": "Sow indoors"
        },
        "priority": "high",
        "months": [
          2
        ],
        "condition": "Heated propagation area available",
        "estimated_effort": "medium",
        "notes": {
          "de": "Samen leicht bedecken, gleichmäßig feucht halten.",
          "en": "Cover seeds lightly, keep evenly moist."
        }
      }
    ],
    "3": [
      {
        "task": "prick_out",
        "label": {
          "de": "Pikieren",
          "en": "Prick out"
        },
        "priority": "medium",
        "months": [
          3
        ],
        "condition": "Seedlings have first true leaves",
        "estimated_effort": "medium",
        "notes": {
          "de": "In Einzeltöpfe mit 8 cm Durchmesser pikieren.",
          "en": "Prick out into individual pots 8 cm diameter."
        }
      }
    ],
    "4": [
      {
        "task": "harden_off",
        "label": {
          "de": "Abhärten",
          "en": "Harden off"
        },
        "priority": "high",
        "months": [
          4
        ],
        "condition": "Daytime temperatures above 10 °C",
        "estimated_effort": "low",
        "notes": {
          "de": "Pflanzen tagsüber an geschützten Ort stellen, nachts reinholen.",
          "en": "Place plants outdoors in sheltered spot during day, bring in at night."
        }
      },
      {
        "task": "plant_out",
        "label": {
          "de": "Auspflanzen",
          "en": "Plant out"
        },
        "priority": "high",
        "months": [
          4
        ],
        "condition": "No frost forecast",
        "estimated_effort": "high",
        "notes": {
          "de": "Pflanzabstand 30–40 cm, Reihenabstand 40 cm.",
          "en": "Spacing 30–40 cm, row spacing 40 cm."
        }
      }
    ],
    "5": [
      {
        "task": "direct_sow",
        "label": {
          "de": "Direktsaat",
          "en": "Direct sow"
        },
        "priority": "medium",
        "months": [
          5
        ],
        "condition": "Soil temperature > 10 °C",
        "estimated_effort": "medium",
        "notes": {
          "de": "Samen 0,5 cm tief säen, feucht halten.",
          "en": "Sow seeds 0.5 cm deep, keep moist."
        }
      },
      {
        "task": "water_regularly",
        "label": {
          "de": "Regelmäßig gießen",
          "en": "Water regularly"
        },
        "priority": "high",
        "months": [
          5
        ],
        "condition": "Dry weather",
        "estimated_effort": "medium",
        "notes": {
          "de": "Gleichmäßige Feuchtigkeit ist wichtig.",
          "en": "Even moisture is important."
        }
      }
    ],
    "6": [
      {
        "task": "weed_control",
        "label": {
          "de": "Unkraut jäten",
          "en": "Weed control"
        },
        "priority": "medium",
        "months": [
          6
        ],
        "condition": "As needed",
        "estimated_effort": "medium",
        "notes": {
          "de": "Beete unkrautfrei halten.",
          "en": "Keep beds weed-free."
        }
      },
      {
        "task": "water",
        "label": {
          "de": "Wässern",
          "en": "Water"
        },
        "priority": "high",
        "months": [
          6
        ],
        "condition": "Dry period",
        "estimated_effort": "medium",
        "notes": {
          "de": "Gleichmäßige Wasserversorgung sicherstellen.",
          "en": "Ensure even water supply."
        }
      }
    ],
    "7": [
      {
        "task": "harvest",
        "label": {
          "de": "Ernte",
          "en": "Harvest"
        },
        "priority": "high",
        "months": [
          7
        ],
        "condition": "Stalks > 2 cm diameter",
        "estimated_effort": "high",
        "notes": {
          "de": "Stangen von außen nach innen ernten.",
          "en": "Harvest stalks from outer to inner."
        }
      }
    ],
    "8": [
      {
        "task": "harvest",
        "label": {
          "de": "Ernte",
          "en": "Harvest"
        },
        "priority": "high",
        "months": [
          8
        ],
        "estimated_effort": "high",
        "notes": {
          "de": "Haupterntezeit.",
          "en": "Main harvest period."
        }
      }
    ],
    "9": [
      {
        "task": "harvest",
        "label": {
          "de": "Ernte",
          "en": "Harvest"
        },
        "priority": "high",
        "months": [
          9
        ],
        "estimated_effort": "high",
        "notes": {
          "de": "Ernte fortsetzen.",
          "en": "Continue harvest."
        }
      }
    ],
    "10": [
      {
        "task": "final_harvest",
        "label": {
          "de": "Letzte Ernte",
          "en": "Final harvest"
        },
        "priority": "high",
        "months": [
          10
        ],
        "condition": "Before first hard frost",
        "estimated_effort": "high",
        "notes": {
          "de": "Vor Frost alles ernten.",
          "en": "Harvest all before frost."
        }
      }
    ]
  },
  "cultivation_specs": {
    "seed": {
      "seed_depth_cm_min": 0.3,
      "seed_depth_cm_max": 0.5,
      "light_germinator": false,
      "dark_germinator": true,
      "cold_germinator": false,
      "stratification_needed": false,
      "pre_soaking_recommended": true,
      "germination_temp_c_min": 15,
      "germination_temp_c_max": 22,
      "germination_days_min": 14,
      "germination_days_max": 21,
      "seed_lifespan_years_min": 3,
      "seed_lifespan_years_max": 5,
      "direct_sowing_possible": true,
      "pre_culture_recommended": true
    },
    "spacing": {
      "plant_spacing_cm_min": 30,
      "plant_spacing_cm_max": 40,
      "row_spacing_cm_min": 40,
      "row_spacing_cm_max": 50,
      "recommended_density_per_sqm_min": 5,
      "recommended_density_per_sqm_max": 8,
      "thinning_distance_cm": 30,
      "min_bed_width_cm": 80,
      "square_foot_gardening_spacing": "1 plant per sq ft",
      "spacing_notes": {
        "de": "Platzbedarf je nach Sorte; größere Abstände fördern dicke Stangen.",
        "en": "Space according to variety; wider spacing promotes thick stalks."
      }
    },
    "growth_dimensions": {
      "height_cm_min": 40,
      "height_cm_max": 60,
      "width_cm_min": 30,
      "width_cm_max": 45,
      "root_depth_cm_min": 20,
      "root_depth_cm_max": 30,
      "root_spread_cm_min": 30,
      "root_spread_cm_max": 40,
      "growth_speed": "medium",
      "final_size_notes": {
        "de": "Stangen erreichen je nach Sorte 30–60 cm Höhe.",
        "en": "Stalks reach 30–60 cm height depending on variety."
      }
    },
    "temperature": {
      "min_growing_temp_c": 10,
      "optimal_temp_c_min": 15,
      "optimal_temp_c_max": 20,
      "max_heat_tolerance_c": 30,
      "soil_temp_for_sowing_c_min": 10,
      "soil_temp_for_sowing_c_optimal": 15,
      "frost_sensitive": true,
      "late_frost_sensitive": true,
      "heat_tolerance": "low",
      "cold_tolerance": "low",
      "temperature_notes": {
        "de": "Stangensellerie verträgt keine starke Hitze; bei über 25 °C Wachstumsstockung. Junge Pflanzen sind frostempfindlich.",
        "en": "Celery does not tolerate strong heat; growth stalls above 25 °C. Young plants are frost-sensitive."
      }
    },
    "water": {
      "water_need": "high",
      "critical_water_phases": {
        "de": [
          "Keimung",
          "Jungpflanzenphase",
          "Stangenbildung"
        ],
        "en": [
          "germination",
          "young plant stage",
          "stalk formation"
        ]
      },
      "drought_tolerant": false,
      "drought_sensitivity": "high",
      "waterlogging_sensitive": true,
      "mulching_recommended": true,
      "water_notes": {
        "de": "Gleichmäßige Wasserversorgung ist entscheidend; Trockenstress führt zu faden Stangen und Schosserneigung.",
        "en": "Even water supply is crucial; drought stress leads to stringy stalks and bolting tendency."
      }
    },
    "nutrition": {
      "nutrient_group": "heavy_feeder",
      "heavy_feeder": true,
      "medium_feeder": false,
      "light_feeder": false,
      "nitrogen_need": "high",
      "phosphorus_need": "medium",
      "potassium_need": "high",
      "calcium_need": "medium",
      "magnesium_need": "medium",
      "compost_recommended": true,
      "mulching_recommended": true,
      "fertilizer_sensitivity": "medium",
      "nutrition_notes": {
        "de": "Stangensellerie benötigt eine gleichmäßige Nährstoffversorgung. Vor der Pflanzung gut verrotteten Kompost einarbeiten. Nachdüngung mit Stickstoff fördert das Stangenwachstum.",
        "en": "Celery requires an even nutrient supply. Work well-rotted compost into the soil before planting. Top-dress with nitrogen to boost stalk growth."
      }
    },
    "container": {
      "container_suitable": true,
      "min_pot_volume_l": 10,
      "recommended_pot_volume_l": 15,
      "min_pot_depth_cm": 25,
      "min_pot_diameter_cm": 25,
      "plants_per_container_min": 1,
      "plants_per_container_max": 1,
      "drainage_required": true,
      "repotting_needed": false,
      "container_notes": {
        "de": "Kübelkultur möglich, jedoch nicht optimal für hohe Erträge. Regelmäßig gießen und düngen.",
        "en": "Container cultivation possible but not optimal for high yields. Water and fertilize regularly."
      }
    },
    "support": {
      "needs_support": false,
      "support_recommended": false,
      "climbing": false,
      "vining": false,
      "trellis_recommended": false,
      "training_required": false,
      "support_notes": {
        "de": "Keine Stützmaßnahmen erforderlich.",
        "en": "No support measures required."
      }
    },
    "cultivation_modes": {
      "outdoor_bed_suitable": true,
      "raised_bed_suitable": true,
      "container_suitable": true,
      "balcony_suitable": false,
      "greenhouse_suitable": true,
      "polytunnel_suitable": true,
      "indoor_suitable": false,
      "windowsill_suitable": false,
      "hydroponic_possible": true,
      "permaculture_suitable": true,
      "no_dig_suitable": true
    },
    "yield_density": {
      "yield_per_plant_min": 0.5,
      "yield_per_plant_max": 1.0,
      "yield_unit": "kg",
      "yield_per_sqm_min": 2.5,
      "yield_per_sqm_max": 5.0,
      "yield_reliability": "medium",
      "yield_notes": {
        "de": "Ertrag kann je nach Sorte und Witterung stark schwanken.",
        "en": "Yield can vary considerably depending on variety and weather."
      }
    }
  },
  "site": {
    "sun_requirement": {
      "de": "Sonnig bis halbschattig",
      "en": "Sunny to partial shade"
    },
    "wind_protection": {
      "de": "Windgeschützt",
      "en": "Wind protected"
    },
    "site_notes": {
      "de": "Stangensellerie bevorzugt einen windgeschützten, sonnigen Standort mit humusreichem Boden.",
      "en": "Celery prefers a wind-protected, sunny site with humus-rich soil."
    }
  },
  "soil": {
    "soil_type": {
      "de": "Humos, tiefgründig, nährstoffreich",
      "en": "Humus-rich, deep, nutrient-rich"
    },
    "ph_min": 6.0,
    "ph_max": 7.0,
    "soil_notes": {
      "de": "Der Boden sollte locker, gut wasserspeichernd und nicht zu schwer sein.",
      "en": "The soil should be loose, well water-retentive, and not too heavy."
    }
  },
  "watering": {
    "watering_method": {
      "de": "Tropfbewässerung bevorzugt",
      "en": "Drip irrigation preferred"
    },
    "watering_frequency": {
      "de": "Regelmäßig, besonders bei Trockenheit",
      "en": "Regularly, especially in dry conditions"
    },
    "watering_notes": {
      "de": "Gleichmäßige Feuchtigkeit ist für die Bildung zarter Stangen entscheidend.",
      "en": "Even moisture is critical for developing tender stalks."
    }
  },
  "nutrition": {
    "fertilization_plan": {
      "de": "Vor der Pflanzung Kompost einarbeiten; während des Wachstums alle 4 Wochen mit einem stickstoffbetonten Flüssigdünger nachdüngen.",
      "en": "Incorporate compost before planting; top-dress every 4 weeks with a nitrogen-rich liquid fertilizer during growth."
    },
    "nutrition_notes": {
      "de": "Stangensellerie ist ein Starkzehrer und benötigt reichlich Nährstoffe.",
      "en": "Celery is a heavy feeder and requires ample nutrients."
    }
  },
  "cultivation_planning": {
    "succession_sowing": {
      "possible": true,
      "interval_days_min": 14,
      "interval_days_max": 21
    },
    "bed_planning_notes": {
      "de": "Stangensellerie sollte erst nach 3–4 Jahren wieder auf die gleiche Fläche. Gute Vorfrucht sind Kohl, Hülsenfrüchte oder Lauch. Nicht nach anderen Doldenblütlern anbauen.",
      "en": "Celery should return to the same bed only after 3–4 years. Good preceding crops are cabbage, legumes, or leek. Avoid planting after other Apiaceae."
    },
    "rotation_priority": "Nach Doldenblütlern meiden",
    "interplanting_potential": "Bohnen, Kohl, Tomaten, Lauch, Salate",
    "mechanization_relevance": "Maschinelle Pflege und Ernte möglich bei Reihenabstand ab 40 cm"
  },
  "crop_rotation": {
    "notes": {
      "de": "Stangensellerie gehört zu den Starkzehrern und sollte erst nach 3–4 Jahren wieder auf die gleiche Fläche. Gute Vorfrucht sind Kohl, Hülsenfrüchte oder Lauch. Nicht nach anderen Doldenblütlern (Apiaceae) wie Möhren, Petersilie oder Knollensellerie anbauen, um Bodenmüdigkeit und die Übertragung von Sellerieschorf zu vermeiden.",
      "en": "Celery is a heavy feeder and should return to the same bed only after 3–4 years. Good preceding crops are cabbage, legumes, or leek. Avoid planting after other Apiaceae (carrot family) such as carrots, parsley, or celeriac to prevent soil fatigue and the spread of celery scab."
    },
    "optimal_break_years": 4,
    "good_precrops": {
      "de": [
        "Kohlarten",
        "Hülsenfrüchte",
        "Lauch"
      ],
      "en": [
        "cabbage family",
        "legumes",
        "leek"
      ]
    },
    "bad_precrops": {
      "de": [
        "Doldenblütler (Sellerie, Möhren, Petersilie, Fenchel)"
      ],
      "en": [
        "Apiaceae (celery, carrots, parsley, fennel)"
      ]
    }
  },
  "companion_planting": {
    "approach": "mixed_cropping",
    "good_neighbors": [
      {
        "slug": "bohnen",
        "name": {
          "de": "Bohnen",
          "en": "Beans"
        },
        "reason": {
          "de": "Bohnen reichern den Boden mit Stickstoff an, fördern das Wachstum der Selleriestangen.",
          "en": "Beans fix nitrogen in the soil and boost celery stalk growth."
        },
        "relationship_type": "mutualistic"
      },
      {
        "slug": "kohl",
        "name": {
          "de": "Kohl",
          "en": "Cabbage"
        },
        "reason": {
          "de": "Kohl und Sellerie ergänzen sich im Nährstoffbedarf und können gemeinsam Schädlinge verwirren.",
          "en": "Cabbage and celery complement each other in nutrient needs and can confuse pests."
        },
        "relationship_type": "mutualistic"
      },
      {
        "slug": "tomaten",
        "name": {
          "de": "Tomaten",
          "en": "Tomatoes"
        },
        "reason": {
          "de": "Tomaten profitieren vom Selleriegeruch gegen Weiße Fliege, Sellerie erhält Schatten.",
          "en": "Tomatoes benefit from celery scent against whitefly, celery gets partial shade."
        },
        "relationship_type": "mutualistic"
      },
      {
        "slug": "lauch",
        "name": {
          "de": "Lauch",
          "en": "Leek"
        },
        "reason": {
          "de": "Lauch wirkt abschreckend auf Möhrenfliege, Sellerie schützt vor Lauchmotte.",
          "en": "Leek deters carrot fly, celery protects against leek moth."
        },
        "relationship_type": "mutualistic"
      }
    ],
    "bad_neighbors": [
      {
        "slug": "mais",
        "name": {
          "de": "Mais",
          "en": "Corn"
        },
        "reason": {
          "de": "Mais und Sellerie konkurrieren stark um Wasser und Nährstoffe, schlechte Kombination.",
          "en": "Corn and celery compete heavily for water and nutrients, poor combination."
        },
        "relationship_type": "competitive"
      },
      {
        "slug": "fenchel",
        "name": {
          "de": "Fenchel",
          "en": "Fennel"
        },
        "reason": {
          "de": "Fenchel hemmt das Wachstum von Sellerie durch chemische Ausscheidungen.",
          "en": "Fennel inhibits celery growth through chemical exudates."
        },
        "relationship_type": "inhibitory"
      }
    ],
    "design_rules": {
      "de": [
        "Stangensellerie mit Bohnen, Kohl, Tomaten oder Lauch in Mischkultur anbauen. Den Abstand von 40 cm Reihenabstand einhalten."
      ],
      "en": [
        "Grow celery with beans, cabbage, tomatoes, or leek in mixed culture. Maintain row spacing of 40 cm."
      ]
    },
    "notes": {
      "de": "Begleitpflanzung verbessert die Gesundheit der Selleriepflanze und hilft, Schädlingsbefall natürlich zu reduzieren.",
      "en": "Companion planting improves celery plant health and helps reduce pest infestations naturally."
    }
  },
  "deficiencies": [
    {
      "deficiency": "Stickstoffmangel",
      "en": "Nitrogen deficiency",
      "symptoms": {
        "de": [
          "Hellgrüne bis gelbe Blätter",
          "Schwaches Wachstum",
          "Kleine, dünne Stangen"
        ],
        "en": [
          "Pale green to yellow leaves",
          "Stunted growth",
          "Small, thin stalks"
        ]
      },
      "treatment": {
        "de": [
          "Flüssigen Stickstoffdünger (z. B. Brennnesseljauche) ausbringen",
          "Kompost nachdüngen"
        ],
        "en": [
          "Apply liquid nitrogen fertilizer (e.g., nettle tea) as a top-dress",
          "Side-dress with compost"
        ]
      },
      "notes": {
        "de": "Stangensellerie ist stickstoffhungrig, besonders in der Hauptwachstumsphase.",
        "en": "Celery is nitrogen-hungry, especially during the main growth phase."
      }
    },
    {
      "deficiency": "Kaliummangel",
      "en": "Potassium deficiency",
      "symptoms": {
        "de": [
          "Braune Blattränder",
          "Schwache Stangen",
          "Erhöhte Krankheitsanfälligkeit"
        ],
        "en": [
          "Brown leaf edges",
          "Weak stalks",
          "Increased disease susceptibility"
        ]
      },
      "treatment": {
        "de": [
          "Kaliumbetonten Dünger (z. B. Patentkali) anwenden",
          "Holzasche einarbeiten"
        ],
        "en": [
          "Apply potassium-rich fertilizer (e.g., potassium sulphate)",
          "Work wood ash into soil"
        ]
      },
      "notes": {
        "de": "Kalium ist wichtig für die Standfestigkeit und die Stangenqualität.",
        "en": "Potassium is important for stalk firmness and quality."
      }
    }
  ],
  "problems": [
    {
      "problem": "Schießen / Blütenbildung",
      "en": "Bolting / premature flowering",
      "causes": {
        "de": [
          "Kälteperiode nach dem Auspflanzen",
          "Trockenstress",
          "Zu frühe Aussaat"
        ],
        "en": [
          "Cold period after planting out",
          "Drought stress",
          "Sowing too early"
        ]
      },
      "prevention": {
        "de": [
          "Aussaat nicht vor Februar",
          "Pflanzung erst nach den Eisheiligen",
          "Gleichmäßig wässern"
        ],
        "en": [
          "Do not sow before February",
          "Plant out only after the Ice Saints",
          "Water evenly"
        ]
      },
      "notes": {
        "de": "Blühende Selleriepflanzen bilden harte, bittere Stangen und sind nicht mehr verwertbar.",
        "en": "Bolting celery produces hard, bitter stalks that are no longer usable for harvest."
      }
    },
    {
      "problem": "Hohle Stangen",
      "en": "Hollow stalks",
      "causes": {
        "de": [
          "Ungleichmäßige Wasserversorgung",
          "Stickstoffmangel",
          "Alter der Pflanze"
        ],
        "en": [
          "Inconsistent water supply",
          "Nitrogen deficiency",
          "Plant age"
        ]
      },
      "prevention": {
        "de": [
          "Gleichmäßig gießen",
          "Stickstoffbedarf decken",
          "Rechtzeitig ernten"
        ],
        "en": [
          "Water consistently",
          "Meet nitrogen needs",
          "Harvest in time"
        ]
      },
      "notes": {
        "de": "Hohle Stangen entstehen oft bei Trockenphasen und sind geschmacklich minderwertig.",
        "en": "Hollow stalks often result from dry periods and are of lower eating quality."
      }
    }
  ],
  "problem_management": {
    "common_pest_groups": {
      "de": [
        "Blattläuse",
        "Möhrenfliege",
        "Weiße Fliege"
      ],
      "en": [
        "aphids",
        "carrot fly",
        "whitefly"
      ]
    },
    "common_disease_groups": {
      "de": [
        "Blattfleckenkrankheiten (Septoria)",
        "Fusarium-Welke",
        "Falscher Mehltau"
      ],
      "en": [
        "leaf spot diseases (Septoria)",
        "Fusarium wilt",
        "downy mildew"
      ]
    },
    "prevention_principles": {
      "de": [
        "Fruchtwechsel einhalten (mind. 3–4 Jahre)",
        "Standort mit guter Durchlüftung",
        "Gesundes Saatgut verwenden",
        "Gießen morgens, nicht abends"
      ],
      "en": [
        "Maintain crop rotation (at least 3–4 years)",
        "Choose a well-ventilated site",
        "Use healthy seed",
        "Water in the morning, not in the evening"
      ]
    },
    "diagnosis_notes": {
      "de": "Zeigen sich auf den Blättern braune Flecken mit gelbem Hof, handelt es sich vermutlich um Septoria-Blattflecken. Bei gelben, welken Blättern und verfärbten Leitungsbahnen liegt wahrscheinlich Fusarium-Welke vor. Blattläuse erkennt man an Kräuselung und klebrigen Belägen.",
      "en": "If brown spots with yellow halos appear on leaves, it is likely Septoria leaf spot. Yellow, wilting leaves with discolored vascular tissue suggest Fusarium wilt. Aphids are recognized by leaf curling and sticky residue."
    }
  },
  "disease_graph": {
    "scope": "celery",
    "profiles": [
      {
        "slug": "septoria-leaf-spot",
        "severity": "high",
        "conditions": {
          "de": [
            "Feuchte Witterung",
            "Bodenkontakt",
            "Unzureichende Fruchtfolge"
          ],
          "en": [
            "Wet weather",
            "Soil contact",
            "Insufficient crop rotation"
          ]
        },
        "affected_parts": {
          "de": [
            "Blätter",
            "Stängel"
          ],
          "en": [
            "leaves",
            "stalks"
          ]
        },
        "prevention": {
          "de": [
            "Fruchtwechsel",
            "Kupfer-Spritzung im Vorbeugefall",
            "Widerstandsfähige Sorten"
          ],
          "en": [
            "Crop rotation",
            "Copper spray as preventive",
            "Resistant varieties"
          ]
        },
        "organic_control": {
          "de": [
            "Backpulver-Spritzung (1 TL pro Liter Wasser)",
            "Brennesseljauche stärken"
          ],
          "en": [
            "Baking soda spray (1 tsp per liter of water)",
            "Strengthen with nettle tea"
          ]
        }
      }
    ],
    "diagnostic_rules": [
      {
        "symptom": {
          "de": "Braune Flecken auf Blättern mit gelbem Rand",
          "en": "Brown spots on leaves with yellow margin"
        },
        "possible_causes": [
          "Septoria-Blattflecken"
        ],
        "first_checks": {
          "de": [
            "Flecken auf der Blattunterseite mit Lupe betrachten",
            "Bodenfeuchte prüfen"
          ],
          "en": [
            "Examine spots on leaf underside with a magnifying glass",
            "Check soil moisture"
          ]
        }
      },
      {
        "symptom": {
          "de": "Gelbe, welkende Blätter, dunkle Leitungsbahnen",
          "en": "Yellow, wilting leaves, dark vascular tissue"
        },
        "possible_causes": [
          "Fusarium-Welke"
        ],
        "first_checks": {
          "de": [
            "Stängelanschnitt auf braune Ringe prüfen",
            "Bodenprobe auf Fusarium"
          ],
          "en": [
            "Check cut stalk for brown rings",
            "Soil test for Fusarium"
          ]
        }
      }
    ],
    "prevention_strategy": {
      "cultural": {
        "de": [
          "Fruchtwechsel von mindestens 3 Jahren",
          "Abstand zwischen den Pflanzen",
          "Kein Gießen von oben"
        ],
        "en": [
          "At least 3-year crop rotation",
          "Proper plant spacing",
          "Avoid overhead watering"
        ]
      },
      "monitoring": {
        "de": [
          "Wöchentliche Blattkontrolle",
          "Nach Regenperioden besonders aufmerksam sein"
        ],
        "en": [
          "Weekly leaf inspection",
          "Be especially vigilant after rainy periods"
        ]
      },
      "organic_first_response": {
        "de": [
          "Befallene Blätter sofort entfernen",
          "Nützlingsförderung",
          "Kalium-Seifen-Lösung bei Blattläusen"
        ],
        "en": [
          "Immediately remove affected leaves",
          "Promote beneficial insects",
          "Potassium soap solution for aphids"
        ]
      },
      "notes": {
        "de": "Vorbeugung ist bei Sellerie besonders wichtig, da chemische Bekämpfung bei Stangensellerie oft nicht zugelassen oder erwünscht ist.",
        "en": "Prevention is especially important for celery, as chemical control is often not approved or desired for stalk celery."
      }
    }
  },
  "diagnosis": {
    "title": {
      "de": "Diagnosehilfe für Stangensellerie",
      "en": "Celery diagnosis guide"
    },
    "steps": {
      "de": [
        "1. Blätter auf Flecken, Kräuselung oder Verfärbung prüfen.",
        "2. Stängel auf Festigkeit und Färbung kontrollieren.",
        "3. Bodenfeuchte und Nährstoffversorgung bewerten.",
        "4. Bei Verdacht auf Schädlinge: Lupe einsetzen und Blattunterseiten inspizieren.",
        "5. Bei Krankheiten: Befallsstelle dokumentieren und ggf. Probe einschicken."
      ],
      "en": [
        "1. Check leaves for spots, curling, or discoloration.",
        "2. Examine stalks for firmness and color.",
        "3. Assess soil moisture and nutrient supply.",
        "4. If pests suspected: use magnifying glass and inspect leaf undersides.",
        "5. If diseases suspected: document affected area and submit a sample if needed."
      ]
    },
    "notes": {
      "de": "Früherkennung ist entscheidend. Bei Unsicherheit konsultieren Sie einen Pflanzenschutzberater.",
      "en": "Early detection is crucial. If in doubt, consult a plant protection advisor."
    }
  },
  "phenology": {
    "stages": {
      "de": [
        "Keimung",
        "Jungpflanze",
        "Blattentwicklung",
        "Stangenbildung",
        "Ernte",
        "Blüte (2. Jahr)"
      ],
      "en": [
        "Germination",
        "Seedling",
        "Leaf development",
        "Stalk formation",
        "Harvest",
        "Flowering (2nd year)"
      ]
    },
    "notes": {
      "de": "Im ersten Jahr bildet Stangensellerie eine Rosette aus Blättern und dicken, saftigen Stangen. Die Pflanze ist zweijährig; Blüte und Samenbildung erfolgen erst im zweiten Jahr nach einer Kälteperiode (Vernalisation).",
      "en": "In the first year, celery forms a rosette of leaves and thick, juicy stalks. The plant is biennial; flowering and seed production occur only in the second year after a cold period (vernalization)."
    }
  },
  "flowering_pollination": {
    "de": "Blütezeit im zweiten Jahr von Juni bis August. Kleine, weiße bis grünlich-weiße Doldenblüten. Insektenbestäubung überwiegend durch Fliegen, Käfer und Bienen. Selbstbestäubung möglich aber selten.",
    "en": "Flowering in the second year from June to August. Small, white to greenish-white umbel flowers. Insect pollination mainly by flies, beetles, and bees. Self-pollination possible but rare."
  },
  "pollination": {
    "summary": {
      "de": "Stangensellerie wird überwiegend durch Insekten bestäubt. Selbstbestäubung ist möglich, jedoch gering. Für die Samenproduktion wird Fremdbestäubung empfohlen.",
      "en": "Celery is primarily insect-pollinated. Self-pollination is possible but rare. Cross-pollination is recommended for seed production."
    },
    "pollinator_required": true,
    "self_fertility": "teilweise selbstfruchtbar, aber Fremdbestäubung bevorzugt",
    "pollinator_notes": {
      "de": "Hauptbestäuber sind Fliegen, kleinere Käfer und Wildbienen. Honigbienen besuchen die Blüten nur gelegentlich.",
      "en": "Main pollinators are flies, small beetles, and solitary bees. Honey bees visit the flowers only occasionally."
    }
  },
  "harvest": {
    "de": "Erntezeitraum Juli bis Oktober. Einzelne Stangen von außen nach innen ernten, sobald sie mindestens 2 cm dick und fest sind. Vor starkem Frost komplett ernten.",
    "en": "Harvest period July to October. Harvest individual stalks from the outside inward once they are at least 2 cm thick and firm. Harvest all before heavy frost."
  },
  "harvest_details": {
    "harvest_frequency": {
      "de": "Fortlaufend: alle 1–2 Wochen die äußeren, reifen Stangen ernten.",
      "en": "Ongoing: harvest outer, mature stalks every 1–2 weeks."
    },
    "harvest_indicators": {
      "de": [
        "Stangendurchmesser mindestens 2 cm",
        "Stangen fest und knackig",
        "Dunkelgrüne, glänzende Farbe",
        "Keine Vergilbung oder hohle Stangen"
      ],
      "en": [
        "Stalk diameter at least 2 cm",
        "Stalks firm and crisp",
        "Dark green, glossy color",
        "No yellowing or hollow stalks"
      ]
    },
    "post_harvest_handling": {
      "de": "Nach der Ernte Blätter entfernen und Stangen kühl und feucht lagern. Schnell verbrauchen oder verarbeiten, da Stangen schnell an Aroma verlieren.",
      "en": "Remove leaves after harvest and store stalks cool and moist. Use or process quickly as stalks lose aroma rapidly."
    }
  },
  "storage": {
    "de": "Kühlschrank (Gemüsefach) oder kühler Keller. In feuchtes Tuch oder perforierte Plastiktüte gewickelt.",
    "en": "Refrigerator (crisper drawer) or cool cellar. Wrap in damp cloth or perforated plastic bag."
  },
  "storage_details": {
    "general_storage_category": {
      "de": "Kurzzeitlagerung (Kühlschrank).",
      "en": "Short-term storage (refrigerator)."
    },
    "storage_life": {
      "de": "1–2 Wochen im Kühlschrank; bei Raumtemperatur nur 2–3 Tage.",
      "en": "1–2 weeks in the refrigerator; at room temperature only 2–3 days."
    },
    "processing_options": {
      "de": [
        "Einfrieren (blanchiert)",
        "Trocknen",
        "Säften",
        "Suppenwürze",
        "Pürieren"
      ],
      "en": [
        "Freezing (blanched)",
        "Drying",
        "Juicing",
        "Soup stock",
        "Pureeing"
      ]
    }
  },
  "processing_use": {
    "de": "Stangensellerie kann zu Smoothies, Säften, Suppen, Eintöpfen, Rohkostsalaten, Brat- und Dünstgemüse verarbeitet werden. Blätter eignen sich als Würzkraut.",
    "en": "Celery can be processed into smoothies, juices, soups, stews, raw salads, stir-fry and steamed vegetables. Leaves can be used as a culinary herb."
  },
  "kitchen_usage": {
    "de": "Roh als Snack oder im Salat (z. B. Waldorfsalat). Gekocht in Suppen (z. B. Gemüsebrühe), Eintöpfen, Schmorgerichten. Gedünstet als Beilage. Saftgepresst oder in Smoothies. Besonders beliebt in der kalten Küche.",
    "en": "Raw as a snack or in salads (e.g., Waldorf salad). Cooked in soups (e.g., vegetable broth), stews, braised dishes. Steamed as a side dish. Juiced or in smoothies. Especially popular in cold cuisine."
  },
  "safety_and_edibility": {
    "edible_parts": {
      "de": [
        "Stängel",
        "Blätter"
      ],
      "en": [
        "stalks",
        "leaves"
      ]
    },
    "inedible_or_caution_parts": {
      "de": [
        "Wurzel (nicht herbizidbelastet)",
        "Samen (stark aromatisch, sparsam verwenden)"
      ],
      "en": [
        "Root (unless herbicide-free)",
        "Seeds (strongly aromatic, use sparingly)"
      ]
    },
    "toxicity_notes": {
      "de": "Stangensellerie enthält geringe Mengen an Psoralen (Furocumarine), die bei empfindlichen Personen in Verbindung mit UV-Licht Hautreizungen hervorrufen können. In üblichen Verzehrmengen unbedenklich.",
      "en": "Celery contains small amounts of psoralens (furocoumarins), which can cause skin irritation in sensitive individuals combined with UV light. Harmless in normal consumption amounts."
    },
    "raw_consumption": {
      "de": "Ja, roh verzehrbar. Vor dem Verzehr gründlich waschen.",
      "en": "Yes, safe to eat raw. Wash thoroughly before consumption."
    }
  },
  "seed_saving": {
    "de": "Samen nur aus vollreifen Pflanzen zweiter Vegetationsperiode gewinnen. Dolden ernten, wenn sie braun und trocken sind. Nachreifen lassen, dann dreschen. Kühl, dunkel und trocken lagern.",
    "en": "Harvest seeds only from fully mature plants in the second growing season. Collect umbels when they are brown and dry. Allow to ripen further, then thresh. Store cool, dark, and dry."
  },
  "seed_saving_advanced": {
    "de": "Stangensellerie ist fremdbestäubend und kreuzt sich mit anderen Sellerieformen (Knollensellerie, Schnittsellerie) sowie Wildsellerie. Isolation nötig: Mindestens 500 m Abstand zu anderen Selleriepflanzen oder Käfige. Mindestens 20 Pflanzen für genetische Vielfalt. Samenlebensfähigkeit 3–5 Jahre.",
    "en": "Celery is cross-pollinating and will cross with other celery types (celeriac, leaf celery) and wild celery. Isolation required: at least 500 m from other celery plants or use cages. At least 20 plants for genetic diversity. Seed viability 3–5 years."
  },
  "woody_crop_details": {
    "rootstock_relevance": "Nicht zutreffend; Stangensellerie wird als einjähriges Gemüse ohne Veredelung angebaut.",
    "renewal_pruning_relevance": "Nicht zutreffend; Erneuerungsschnitt wird bei dieser krautigen Pflanze nicht praktiziert.",
    "notes": {
      "de": "Stangensellerie (Apium graveolens var. dulce) ist ein zweijähriges, krautiges Gemüse. Es werden keine holzigen Sorten oder Unterlagen benötigt. Ein Schnitt oder eine Erziehung wie bei Gehölzen entfällt.",
      "en": "Celery (Apium graveolens var. dulce) is a biennial herbaceous vegetable. No woody varieties or rootstocks are relevant. Training and pruning associated with woody crops do not apply."
    }
  },
  "pruning_logic": {
    "scope": "Entfällt; Stangensellerie wird nicht geschnitten oder erzogen.",
    "system": "Kein Schnittsystem.",
    "tool_hygiene": {
      "de": "Nicht zutreffend.",
      "en": "Not applicable."
    },
    "notes": {
      "de": "Bei dieser Kultur werden keine Schnitt- oder Erziehungsmaßnahmen durchgeführt. Die Ernte erfolgt durch Abtrennen der reifen Stangen am Boden.",
      "en": "For this crop, no pruning or training practices are applied. Harvesting is done by cutting mature stalks at the base."
    }
  },
  "ecology": {
    "pollinator_value": "low",
    "wildlife_value": "low",
    "biodiversity_notes": {
      "de": "Sellerieblüten werden im zweiten Jahr von Fliegen und Käfern besucht, bieten aber wenig spezifischen ökologischen Wert.",
      "en": "Celery flowers in the second year attract flies and beetles but provide little specific ecological value."
    }
  },
  "slug": "stangensellerie",
  "sources": [
    {
      "title": "Wikidata entity",
      "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1815126",
      "publisher": "Wikidata",
      "date_accessed": "2026-05-15"
    },
    {
      "title": "GBIF species match",
      "url": "https://api.gbif.org/v1/species/match?name=Apium%20graveolens%20var.%20dulce&kingdom=Plantae",
      "publisher": "GBIF",
      "date_accessed": "2026-05-15"
    },
    {
      "title": "English Wikipedia: Apium graveolens dulce",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celery",
      "publisher": "Wikipedia",
      "date_accessed": "2026-05-15"
    }
  ]
}