{ "names": { "common": { "de": "Romanesco", "en": "Romanesco broccoli" }, "plural": { "de": "Romanescos", "en": "Romanesco broccolis" }, "botanical": "Brassica oleracea", "botanical_author": "L.", "scientific_synonyms": [ "Brassica oleracea var. botrytis", "Brassica oleracea Botrytis Group" ], "synonyms": { "de": [ "Minaret-Kohl", "Türmchen-Kohl", "Grüner Blumenkohl" ], "en": [ "Roman cauliflower", "Romanesque cauliflower", "Broccolo Romanesco" ] }, "common_synonyms": { "de": [ "Minaretkohl", "Türmchenkohl" ], "en": [ "Romanesque cauliflower", "Roman cauliflower" ] }, "market_names": { "de": [ "Romanesco" ], "en": [ "Romanesco" ] }, "misspellings": { "de": [ "Romanesko" ], "en": [ "Romanescoe" ] }, "international_names": { "it": [ "Broccolo romanesco" ], "fr": [ "Chou romanesco" ], "es": [ "Minarete", "Brócoli romanesco" ] }, "search_terms": { "de": [ "Romanesco", "Gemüsekohl", "Blumenkohl" ], "en": [ "Romanesco", "Broccoli", "Cauliflower" ] } }, "taxonomy": { "kingdom": "Plantae", "clades": [ "Tracheophyta", "Angiospermae", "Eudicotyledonae", "Rosidae" ], "order": "Brassicales", "family_botanical": "Brassicaceae", "family": { "de": "Kreuzblütengewächse", "en": "Mustards" }, "family_id": "brassicaceae", "genus": "Brassica", "species": "Brassica oleracea", "cultivar_group": "Botrytis Group", "hybrid_status": "not_hybrid", "related_crops": [ "Broccoli", "Cauliflower", "Kohlrabi", "Brussels sprouts" ] }, "classification": { "main_group": "Vegetables", "sub_group": "Brassicas", "crop_group": "Flower vegetables", "life_cycle": "biennial", "perennial": false, "woody": false, "tree": false, "shrub": false, "edible_parts": { "de": [ "Blütenstand", "Blätter" ], "en": [ "Inflorescence", "Leaves" ] }, "nutrient_group": "Heavy feeders" }, "calendar": { "sowing_indoor": { "months": [ 3, 4 ], "earliest_month": 3, "latest_month": 4, "notes": { "de": "Aussaat in Schalen bei ca. 18°C; nach Keimung kühler stellen.", "en": "Sow in trays at approx. 18°C; move to a cooler spot after germination." } }, "sowing_outdoor": { "months": [ 4, 5, 6 ], "earliest_month": 4, "latest_month": 6, "notes": { "de": "Direktsaat nur bei günstiger Witterung; Vorkultur empfohlen.", "en": "Direct sowing only in favorable weather; pre-culture recommended." } }, "planting_out": { "months": [ 5, 6, 7 ], "earliest_month": 5, "latest_month": 7, "notes": { "de": "Abhärten vor dem Auspflanzen; tief setzen bis zu den Keimblättern.", "en": "Harden off before transplanting; plant deep up to the cotyledons." } }, "harvest": { "months": [ 8, 9, 10, 11 ], "earliest_month": 8, "latest_month": 11, "notes": { "de": "Ernte, wenn die Blume fest und geschlossen ist.", "en": "Harvest when the head is firm and tight." } }, "month_tasks": { "3": [ { "de": "Aussaat im Haus oder Gewächshaus starten.", "en": "Start sowing indoors or in the greenhouse." } ], "5": [ { "de": "Jungpflanzen ins Freiland setzen und vor Schnecken schützen.", "en": "Plant young starts outdoors and protect from slugs." } ], "7": [ { "de": "Regelmäßig hacken und bei Trockenheit intensiv wässern.", "en": "Hoe regularly and water intensively during dry spells." } ], "9": [ { "de": "Hauptentezeit; auf Schädlinge wie Kohlweißling achten.", "en": "Main harvest season; watch for pests like cabbage white butterflies." } ] }, "month_tasks_structured": { "3": [ { "task": "sowing", "label": { "de": "Vorkultur", "en": "Sowing indoors" }, "priority": "medium", "months": [ 3, 4 ], "estimated_effort": "low", "notes": { "de": "Helle Aufstellung wichtig, um Vergeilen zu verhindern.", "en": "Bright location is crucial to prevent leggy growth." } } ], "5": [ { "task": "planting", "label": { "de": "Auspflanzen", "en": "Transplanting" }, "priority": "high", "months": [ 5, 6 ], "estimated_effort": "medium", "notes": { "de": "Pflanzabstand unbedingt einhalten.", "en": "Strictly observe planting distances." } } ] } }, "structured_month_tasks": { "6": [ { "task": "maintenance", "label": { "de": "Düngen & Mulchen", "en": "Fertilizing & Mulching" }, "priority": "medium", "months": [ 6, 7 ], "estimated_effort": "low", "notes": { "de": "Zweite Gabe Hornmehl oder Brennnesseljauche.", "en": "Second application of horn meal or nettle tea." } } ] }, "cultivation_specs": { "seed": { "seed_depth_cm_min": 1.0, "seed_depth_cm_max": 2.0, "light_germinator": false, "dark_germinator": true, "cold_germinator": false, "stratification_needed": false, "pre_soaking_recommended": false, "germination_temp_c_min": 15.0, "germination_temp_c_max": 22.0, "germination_days_min": 6, "germination_days_max": 12, "seed_lifespan_years_min": 3, "seed_lifespan_years_max": 5, "direct_sowing_possible": true, "pre_culture_recommended": true }, "spacing": { "plant_spacing_cm_min": 50.0, "plant_spacing_cm_max": 60.0, "row_spacing_cm_min": 50.0, "row_spacing_cm_max": 60.0, "recommended_density_per_sqm_min": 3.0, "recommended_density_per_sqm_max": 4.0, "min_bed_width_cm": 60.0, "square_foot_gardening_spacing": "1 per square", "spacing_notes": { "de": "Engere Pflanzung führt zu kleineren Köpfen.", "en": "Closer spacing results in smaller heads." } }, "growth_dimensions": { "height_cm_min": 40.0, "height_cm_max": 70.0, "width_cm_min": 40.0, "width_cm_max": 60.0, "root_depth_cm_min": 30.0, "root_depth_cm_max": 50.0, "root_spread_cm_min": 30.0, "root_spread_cm_max": 40.0, "growth_speed": "medium", "final_size_notes": { "de": "Ausladender Wuchs; benötigt viel Platz für die Blattentwicklung.", "en": "Spreading growth; requires ample space for leaf development." } }, "temperature": { "min_growing_temp_c": 8.0, "optimal_temp_c_min": 16.0, "optimal_temp_c_max": 24.0, "max_heat_tolerance_c": 30.0, "soil_temp_for_sowing_c_min": 12.0, "soil_temp_for_sowing_c_optimal": 18.0, "frost_sensitive": false, "late_frost_sensitive": true, "heat_tolerance": "medium", "cold_tolerance": "medium", "temperature_notes": { "de": "Leichter Frost wird vertragen, schadet aber der Blumenqualität.", "en": "Light frost is tolerated but can damage head quality." } }, "water": { "water_need": "high", "critical_water_phases": { "de": [ "Anwachsphase", "Blütenbildung" ], "en": [ "Establishment phase", "Heading stage" ] }, "drought_tolerant": false, "drought_sensitivity": "high", "waterlogging_sensitive": true, "mulching_recommended": true, "water_notes": { "de": "Gleichmäßige Feuchtigkeit verhindert vorzeitiges Schießen.", "en": "Consistent moisture prevents premature bolting." } }, "nutrition": { "nutrient_group": "heavy_feeder", "heavy_feeder": true, "medium_feeder": false, "light_feeder": false, "nitrogen_need": "high", "phosphorus_need": "medium", "potassium_need": "high", "calcium_need": "high", "magnesium_need": "medium", "compost_recommended": true, "mulching_recommended": true, "fertilizer_sensitivity": "low", "nutrition_notes": { "de": "Kohl benötigt kalkhaltigen Boden und viel Bor/Molybdän.", "en": "Cabbage requires calcareous soil and sufficient Boron/Molybdenum." } }, "container": { "container_suitable": true, "min_pot_volume_l": 20.0, "recommended_pot_volume_l": 30.0, "min_pot_depth_cm": 30.0, "min_pot_diameter_cm": 40.0, "plants_per_container_min": 1.0, "plants_per_container_max": 1.0, "drainage_required": true, "repotting_needed": false, "container_notes": { "de": "Nur in sehr großen Kübeln erfolgreich; hoher Wasserbedarf.", "en": "Only successful in very large pots; high water demand." } }, "support": { "needs_support": false, "support_recommended": false, "climbing": false, "vining": false, "trellis_recommended": false, "training_required": false, "support_notes": { "de": "Anhäufeln der Stiele verbessert die Standfestigkeit.", "en": "Hilling up the stems improves stability." } }, "cultivation_modes": { "outdoor_bed_suitable": true, "raised_bed_suitable": true, "container_suitable": true, "balcony_suitable": false, "greenhouse_suitable": true, "polytunnel_suitable": true, "indoor_suitable": false, "windowsill_suitable": false, "hydroponic_possible": false, "permaculture_suitable": true, "no_dig_suitable": true }, "yield_density": { "yield_per_plant_min": 0.5, "yield_per_plant_max": 1.5, "yield_unit": "kg", "yield_per_sqm_min": 1.5, "yield_per_sqm_max": 4.5, "yield_reliability": "medium", "yield_notes": { "de": "Ertrag variiert stark nach Witterung und Nährstoffangebot.", "en": "Yield varies significantly based on weather and nutrient supply." } } }, "site": { "exposure": { "de": "Sonnig", "en": "Sunny" }, "wind_protection": { "de": "Erforderlich", "en": "Required" }, "microclimate": { "de": "Kühles, feuchtes Seeklima ideal.", "en": "Cool, moist maritime climate is ideal." } }, "soil": { "soil_type": { "de": "Lehmig, tiefgründig", "en": "Loamy, deep" }, "ph_range": "6.5 - 7.5", "humus_content": { "de": "Sehr hoch", "en": "Very high" } }, "watering": { "frequency": { "de": "Häufig, Boden nie austrocknen lassen.", "en": "Frequent, never let soil dry out." }, "technique": { "de": "Direkt an die Basis gießen, Blätter trocken halten.", "en": "Water directly at the base, keep leaves dry." } }, "nutrition": { "fertilization_strategy": { "de": "Grunddüngung mit Mist im Herbst, Kopfdüngung im Sommer.", "en": "Base fertilization with manure in autumn, top dressing in summer." } }, "cultivation_planning": { "succession_sowing": { "possible": true, "interval_days_min": 14, "interval_days_max": 21 }, "bed_planning_notes": { "de": "Gute Nachbarn: Tomaten, Sellerie; schlechte Nachbarn: andere Kohlarten.", "en": "Good neighbors: Tomatoes, Celery; bad neighbors: other brassicas." }, "rotation_priority": "high", "interplanting_potential": "medium", "mechanization_relevance": "low" }, "crop_rotation": { "rotation_period_years": 4, "successors": { "de": [ "Salat", "Spinat", "Erbsen" ], "en": [ "Lettuce", "Spinach", "Peas" ] }, "predecessors": { "de": [ "Bohnen", "Erbsen", "Puffbohnen" ], "en": [ "Beans", "Peas", "Broad beans" ] } }, "companion_planting": { "approach": "Mixed cropping to deter brassica-specific pests.", "good_neighbors": [ { "slug": "celery", "name": { "de": "Sellerie", "en": "Celery" }, "reason": { "de": "Der starke Duft von Sellerie verwirrt den Kohlweißling.", "en": "The strong scent of celery confuses the cabbage white butterfly." } }, { "slug": "tomato", "name": { "de": "Tomate", "en": "Tomato" }, "reason": { "de": "Tomatengeruch vertreibt Erdflöhe und Kohlweißlinge.", "en": "Tomato scent repels flea beetles and cabbage whites." } } ], "bad_neighbors": [ { "slug": "other-brassicas", "name": { "de": "Andere Kohlarten", "en": "Other brassicas" }, "reason": { "de": "Konkurrenz um die gleichen Nährstoffe und gemeinsame Schädlinge.", "en": "Competition for the same nutrients and shared pests." } } ], "companion_scores": [ { "target_slug": "celery", "score": 5 }, { "target_slug": "tomato", "score": 4 } ], "design_rules": { "de": [ "Nicht nach anderen Kreuzblütlern pflanzen.", "Genügend Abstand für die breiten Blattrosetten lassen." ], "en": [ "Do not plant after other cruciferous vegetables.", "Allow sufficient space for the wide leaf rosettes." ] }, "notes": { "de": "Kräuter wie Salbei oder Thymian können ebenfalls Schädlinge fernhalten.", "en": "Herbs like sage or thyme can also help keep pests away." } }, "deficiencies": { "boron": { "name": { "de": "Bormangel", "en": "Boron deficiency" }, "symptoms": { "de": "Hohlräume im Strunk, braune Stellen in der Blume.", "en": "Hollow stems, brown spots in the head." } } }, "problems": { "bolting": { "name": { "de": "Schießen", "en": "Bolting" }, "cause": { "de": "Trockenstress oder zu hohe Temperaturen.", "en": "Drought stress or excessively high temperatures." } } }, "problem_management": { "common_pest_groups": { "de": [ "Beißende Insekten", "Saugtätige Insekten" ], "en": [ "Biting insects", "Sucking insects" ] }, "common_disease_groups": { "de": [ "Bodenbürtige Pilze", "Blattfleckenkrankheiten" ], "en": [ "Soil-borne fungi", "Leaf spot diseases" ] }, "prevention_principles": { "de": [ "Weite Fruchtfolge (4-5 Jahre) einhalten.", "Kulturschutznetze verwenden.", "Gleichmäßige Wasserversorgung sicherstellen." ], "en": [ "Maintain a wide crop rotation (4-5 years).", "Use insect meshes.", "Ensure consistent water supply." ] }, "diagnosis_notes": { "de": "Bei Welkeerscheinungen trotz feuchtem Boden immer die Wurzeln auf Kohlhernie prüfen.", "en": "In case of wilting despite moist soil, always check the roots for clubroot." } }, "disease_graph": { "scope": "Romanesco specific pathologies", "profiles": [ { "slug": "clubroot", "severity": "high", "conditions": { "de": [ "Saure Böden", "Staunässe" ], "en": [ "Acidic soils", "Waterlogging" ] }, "affected_parts": { "de": [ "Wurzeln" ], "en": [ "Roots" ] }, "prevention": { "de": [ "Kalken zur Anhebung des pH-Werts", "Fruchtfolge einhalten" ], "en": [ "Liming to raise pH level", "Observe crop rotation" ] }, "organic_control": { "de": [ "Befallene Pflanzen über den Restmüll entsorgen (nicht Kompost)." ], "en": [ "Dispose of infected plants in residual waste (not compost)." ] } } ], "diagnostic_rules": [ { "symptom": { "de": "Pflanze welkt bei Sonne, erholt sich nachts.", "en": "Plant wilts in sun, recovers at night." }, "possible_causes": [ "clubroot", "water_stress" ], "first_checks": { "de": [ "Bodenfeuchte prüfen", "Wurzelhals auf Schwellungen untersuchen" ], "en": [ "Check soil moisture", "Examine root neck for swellings" ] } } ], "prevention_strategy": { "cultural": { "de": [ "Anhäufeln zur Stabilisierung", "Mulchen für Feuchtigkeit" ], "en": [ "Hilling up for stability", "Mulching for moisture" ] }, "monitoring": { "de": [ "Wöchentliche Kontrolle der Blattunterseiten auf Eier." ], "en": [ "Weekly check of leaf undersides for eggs." ] }, "organic_first_response": { "de": [ "Absammeln von Raupen", "Einsatz von Bacillus thuringiensis" ], "en": [ "Manual removal of caterpillars", "Use of Bacillus thuringiensis" ] }, "notes": { "de": "Netze sollten direkt nach der Pflanzung aufgelegt werden.", "en": "Nets should be applied immediately after planting." } } }, "phenology": { "stages": { "de": [ "Keimung", "Blattentwicklung", "Anlage der Blattrosette", "Entwicklung des Blütenstands (Blumenbildung)", "Vollreife der Blume", "Schießen/Blüte (im 2. Jahr)", "Samenreife" ], "en": [ "Germination", "Leaf development", "Leaf rosette formation", "Inflorescence development (heading)", "Head maturity", "Bolting/Flowering (in 2nd year)", "Seed ripening" ] }, "notes": { "de": "Romanesco ist eine zweijährige Pflanze, die im ersten Jahr den essbaren Blütenstand bildet und erst nach einer Kälteperiode im zweiten Jahr blüht.", "en": "Romanesco is a biennial plant that forms the edible inflorescence in the first year and only flowers after a cold period in the second year." } }, "flowering_pollination": { "flowering_period": { "de": "Mai bis Juli (im zweiten Jahr)", "en": "May to July (in the second year)" }, "flower_color": { "de": "Gelb", "en": "Yellow" } }, "pollination": { "summary": { "de": "Die Bestäubung erfolgt hauptsächlich durch Insekten wie Bienen und Schwebfliegen.", "en": "Pollination is primarily carried out by insects such as bees and hoverflies." }, "pollinator_required": true, "self_fertility": "self-incompatible", "pollinator_notes": { "de": "Kreuzblütler sind meist selbstinkompatibel und benötigen Fremdbestäubung für die Samenbildung.", "en": "Crucifers are mostly self-incompatible and require cross-pollination for seed production." } }, "harvest": { "main_season": { "de": "August bis November", "en": "August to November" }, "optimal_time": { "de": "Vormittags, wenn der Tau abgetrocknet ist.", "en": "In the morning, after the dew has dried." } }, "harvest_details": { "harvest_frequency": { "de": "Einmalige Ernte pro Pflanze.", "en": "Single harvest per plant." }, "harvest_indicators": { "de": [ "Blume hat die gewünschte Größe erreicht", "Einzelne Röschen sind noch fest geschlossen", "Die fraktale Struktur ist deutlich ausgeprägt", "Keine Anzeichen von beginnender Lockerung oder Blüte" ], "en": [ "Head has reached desired size", "Individual florets are still tightly closed", "Fractal structure is clearly defined", "No signs of loosening or flowering" ] }, "post_harvest_handling": { "de": "Den Strunk mit einem scharfen Messer kappen; einige Hüllblätter zum Schutz belassen.", "en": "Cut the stem with a sharp knife; leave a few wrapper leaves for protection." } }, "storage": { "fresh_storage": { "de": "Im Kühlschrank (Gemüsefach) eingeschlagen in ein feuchtes Tuch.", "en": "In the refrigerator (crisper drawer) wrapped in a damp cloth." }, "freezing": { "de": "In Röschen geteilt und kurz blanchiert sehr gut gefriergeeignet.", "en": "Divided into florets and briefly blanched, very suitable for freezing." } }, "storage_details": { "general_storage_category": { "de": "Kurzzeitlagerung / Tiefkühlen", "en": "Short-term storage / Freezing" }, "storage_life": { "de": "Frisch: 3-5 Tage; Gefroren: 8-12 Monate", "en": "Fresh: 3-5 days; Frozen: 8-12 months" }, "processing_options": { "de": [ "Einfrieren (blanchiert)", "Einlegen (Süß-Sauer)", "Fermentieren" ], "en": [ "Freezing (blanched)", "Pickling (sweet and sour)", "Fermenting" ] } }, "processing_use": { "industrial_relevance": { "de": "Gering; hauptsächlich Frischmarkt und Tiefkühlkost.", "en": "Low; mainly fresh market and frozen foods." } }, "kitchen_usage": { "culinary_characteristics": { "de": "Nussiger und feiner als Blumenkohl; dekorativ durch fraktale Form.", "en": "Nuttier and more delicate than cauliflower; decorative due to fractal shape." }, "preparation_methods": { "de": [ "Dämpfen", "Rösten im Ofen", "Roh in Salaten", "Anbraten in der Pfanne" ], "en": [ "Steaming", "Oven roasting", "Raw in salads", "Pan-frying" ] } }, "safety_and_edibility": { "edible_parts": { "de": [ "Blütenstand (Blume)", "Zarte Innenblätter", "Strunk (geschält)" ], "en": [ "Inflorescence (head)", "Tender inner leaves", "Stem (peeled)" ] }, "inedible_or_caution_parts": { "de": [ "Wurzeln", "Alte, zähe Außenblätter" ], "en": [ "Roots", "Old, tough outer leaves" ] }, "toxicity_notes": { "de": "Ungiftig. Kann bei empfindlichen Personen Blähungen verursachen.", "en": "Non-toxic. May cause bloating in sensitive individuals." }, "raw_consumption": { "de": "Sehr gut möglich; bekömmlicher als viele andere Kohlarten.", "en": "Very possible; more digestible than many other cabbage types." } }, "seed_saving": { "isolation_distance_m": 1000, "minimum_plants_for_diversity": 20, "method": { "de": "Pflanzen müssen überwintern; Samenernte im Sommer des zweiten Jahres.", "en": "Plants must overwinter; seed harvest in the summer of the second year." } }, "seed_saving_advanced": { "crossing_risk": { "de": "Hoch; kreuzt sich mit allen Brassica oleracea Arten (Blumenkohl, Broccoli, Grünkohl etc.).", "en": "High; crosses with all Brassica oleracea species (cauliflower, broccoli, kale, etc.)." }, "vernalization_requirement": { "de": "Erfordert eine Kälteperiode unter 10°C zur Blüteninduktion.", "en": "Requires a cold period below 10°C for flower induction." } }, "woody_crop_details": { "rootstock_relevance": "not_applicable", "renewal_pruning_relevance": "not_applicable", "notes": { "de": "Romanesco ist eine krautige Pflanze und benötigt keine Gehölzschnitt- oder Veredelungsdetails.", "en": "Romanesco is an herbaceous plant and does not require woody pruning or grafting details." } }, "pruning_logic": { "scope": "not_applicable", "system": "not_applicable", "tool_hygiene": { "de": "Nicht zutreffend für diese krautige Pflanze.", "en": "Not applicable for this herbaceous plant." }, "notes": { "de": "Romanesco ist eine einjährige/zweijährige krautige Pflanze, die keinen Gehölzschnitt im klassischen Sinne benötigt. Lediglich die Ernte des Blütenstands und das Entfernen alter Blätter sind relevant.", "en": "Romanesco is an annual/biennial herbaceous plant that does not require woody pruning in the classical sense. Only the harvest of the inflorescence and removal of old leaves are relevant." } }, "ecology": { "pollinator_value": "medium", "wildlife_value": "low", "biodiversity_notes": { "de": "Als zweijährige Pflanze bietet Romanesco im zweiten Jahr gelbe Blüten, die von Bienen und anderen Insekten besucht werden. Im ersten Jahr ist der ökologische Nutzen für Bestäuber gering, da der essbare Blütenstand geerntet wird, bevor er blüht.", "en": "As a biennial plant, Romanesco offers yellow flowers in its second year, which are visited by bees and other insects. In the first year, its ecological value for pollinators is low, as the edible inflorescence is harvested before it flowers." } }, "slug": "romanesco", "sources": [ { "title": "Wikidata entity", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1775431", "publisher": "Wikidata", "date_accessed": "2026-05-15" }, { "title": "GBIF species match", "url": "https://api.gbif.org/v1/species/3042845", "publisher": "GBIF", "date_accessed": "2026-05-15" }, { "title": "Wikidata entity", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146212", "publisher": "Wikidata", "date_accessed": "2026-05-15" }, { "title": "GBIF species match", "url": "https://api.gbif.org/v1/species/match?name=Brassica%20oleracea&kingdom=Plantae", "publisher": "GBIF", "date_accessed": "2026-05-15" }, { "title": "Deutschsprachige Wikipedia: Gemüsekohl", "url": "https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gem%C3%BCsekohl", "publisher": "Wikipedia", "date_accessed": "2026-05-15" }, { "title": "English Wikipedia: Brassica oleracea", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brassica_oleracea", "publisher": "Wikipedia", "date_accessed": "2026-05-15" } ] }