{ "names": { "common": { "de": "Reneklode", "en": "Greengage" }, "plural": { "de": "Renekloden", "en": "Greengages" }, "botanical": "Prunus domestica subsp. italica", "botanical_author": "(Borkh.) Gams ex Hegi", "scientific_synonyms": [ "Prunus domestica var. italica", "Prunus domestica subsp. rotunda", "Prunus italica" ], "synonyms": { "de": [ "Reineclaude", "Ringlotte", "Rundpflaume", "Ringlo", "Reneclaude", "Kreike", "Ringelotte", "Reine Claude", "Kloden" ], "en": [ "Reine Claude plum", "Green plum" ] }, "common_synonyms": { "de": [ "Edel-Pflaume", "Zuckerpflaume" ], "en": [ "Sugar plum" ] }, "regional_names": { "de": [ "Ringlo (Süddeutschland/Österreich)" ] }, "historical_names": { "de": [ "Große Grüne Reneklode" ], "en": [ "Reine Claude" ] }, "trade_names": [ "Reine Claude Verte" ], "market_names": { "de": [ "Renekloden", "Edel-Pflaumen" ], "en": [ "Greengages", "Dessert plums" ] }, "misspellings": { "de": [ "Renekloode", "Reineclauden" ], "en": [ "Green gage" ] }, "international_names": { "fr": [ "Reine-claude" ], "es": [ "Ciruela claudia" ], "it": [ "Susina Regina Claudia" ], "pl": [ "Renkloda" ] }, "ambiguous_names": [ { "name": "Edelpflaume", "language": "de", "shared_with": [ "Prunus domestica" ], "clarification": { "de": "Bezieht sich oft allgemein auf Prunus domestica, im engeren Sinne auf die Unterart italica.", "en": "Often refers generally to Prunus domestica, but specifically to the subspecies italica." } } ], "search_terms": { "de": [ "Reneklode", "Ringlotte", "Obstbaum", "Pflaume" ], "en": [ "greengage", "plum variety", "dessert plum", "fruit tree" ] } }, "taxonomy": { "kingdom": "Plantae", "clades": [ "Tracheophyta", "Angiospermae", "Eudicotidae", "Rosids" ], "order": "Rosales", "family_botanical": "Rosaceae", "family": { "de": "Rosengewächse", "en": "Rose family" }, "family_id": "rosaceae", "subfamily": "Amygdaloideae", "tribe": "Amygdaleae", "genus": "Prunus", "species": "Prunus domestica", "subspecies": "italica", "cultivar_group": "Greengage Group", "hybrid_status": "not_hybrid", "related_crops": [ "Prunus domestica subsp. domestica", "Prunus domestica subsp. syriaca", "Prunus insititia" ] }, "classification": { "main_group": "Fruit", "sub_group": "Stone Fruit", "crop_group": "Pome and Stone Fruit", "life_cycle": "Perennial", "perennial": true, "woody": true, "tree": true, "shrub": false, "edible_parts": { "de": [ "Frucht" ], "en": [ "Fruit" ] }, "nutrient_group": "Fruits" }, "calendar": { "sowing_indoor": { "notes": { "de": "Vermehrung erfolgt üblicherweise durch Veredelung, nicht durch Aussaat.", "en": "Propagation is typically done via grafting, not sowing." } }, "sowing_outdoor": { "notes": { "de": "Aussaat für Zuchtzwecke möglich, aber nicht sortenrein.", "en": "Sowing possible for breeding purposes, but will not come true to type." } }, "planting_out": { "months": [ 3, 4, 10, 11 ], "earliest_month": 3, "latest_month": 11, "notes": { "de": "Beste Pflanzzeit ist der Spätherbst (Oktober/November) oder das zeitige Frühjahr vor dem Austrieb.", "en": "Best planting time is late autumn (October/November) or early spring before bud break." } }, "harvest": { "months": [ 8, 9 ], "earliest_month": 8, "latest_month": 9, "notes": { "de": "Ernte je nach Sorte von August bis September; Früchte reifen nicht nach.", "en": "Harvest from August to September depending on variety; fruits do not ripen after picking." } }, "month_tasks": { "1": [ { "de": "Winterschnitt an frostfreien Tagen durchführen.", "en": "Perform winter pruning on frost-free days." } ], "2": [ { "de": "Baumstämme bei starker Sonne gegen Frostrisse kalken.", "en": "Whitewash tree trunks to prevent frost cracks in strong sun." } ], "3": [ { "de": "Pflanzung von wurzelnackten Bäumen abschließen.", "en": "Finish planting bare-root trees." }, { "de": "Kompostgabe im Traufbereich ausbringen.", "en": "Apply compost around the drip line." } ], "4": [ { "de": "Auf Blattläuse und Frostspanner kontrollieren.", "en": "Check for aphids and winter moths." } ], "5": [ { "de": "Fruchtbehang bei zu dichtem Stand ausdünnen.", "en": "Thin out fruit if the crop is too heavy." } ], "6": [ { "de": "Wasserschosse (steil stehende Triebe) entfernen.", "en": "Remove water sprouts (upright shoots)." } ], "7": [ { "de": "Sommerschnitt zur Förderung der Fruchtqualität.", "en": "Summer pruning to improve fruit quality." } ], "8": [ { "de": "Haupterntezeit für frühe Sorten; Fallobst entfernen.", "en": "Main harvest for early varieties; remove fallen fruit." } ], "9": [ { "de": "Ernte später Sorten abschließen.", "en": "Finish harvesting late varieties." } ], "10": [ { "de": "Leimringe gegen Frostspannerweibchen anbringen.", "en": "Apply grease bands to catch female winter moths." } ], "11": [ { "de": "Neupflanzungen im Herbst durchführen.", "en": "Carry out new plantings in autumn." } ], "12": [ { "de": "Werkzeuge reinigen und Baumgerüst kontrollieren.", "en": "Clean tools and check the tree structure." } ] }, "month_tasks_structured": { "3": [ { "task": "fertilizing", "label": { "de": "Düngung", "en": "Fertilization" }, "priority": "medium", "months": [ 3 ], "condition": "before_bud_break", "estimated_effort": "low", "notes": { "de": "Organischen Dünger oder Kompost leicht einarbeiten.", "en": "Lightly work in organic fertilizer or compost." } } ], "8": [ { "task": "harvesting", "label": { "de": "Ernte", "en": "Harvest" }, "priority": "high", "months": [ 8, 9 ], "condition": "fruit_ripe", "estimated_effort": "medium", "notes": { "de": "Früchte vorsichtig pflücken, da sie druckempfindlich sind.", "en": "Pick fruits carefully as they are sensitive to bruising." } } ] } }, "book_content": { "introduction": { "de": "Die Reneklode, auch als Reineclaude bekannt, gilt unter Kennern als die edelste aller Pflaumen. Mit ihrem honigsüßen, würzigen Aroma und dem zartschmelzenden Fruchtfleisch ist sie die ultimative Dessertfrucht für den Hausgarten.", "en": "The greengage, also known as Reine Claude, is widely considered the finest of all plums. With its honey-sweet, spicy aroma and succulent flesh, it is the ultimate dessert fruit for the home garden." }, "history": { "de": "Benannt nach Königin Claudia von Frankreich (Reine Claude), verbreitete sich diese Unterart der Pflaume ab dem 16. Jahrhundert in Europa. Sie steht seit jeher für höchste kulinarische Qualität.", "en": "Named after Queen Claude of France (Reine Claude), this subspecies of plum spread throughout Europe starting in the 16th century. It has long been a symbol of peak culinary quality." } }, "structured_month_tasks": { "1": [ { "task": "pruning", "label": { "de": "Winterschnitt", "en": "Winter pruning" }, "priority": "medium", "months": [ 1, 2 ], "condition": "frost_free", "estimated_effort": "medium", "notes": { "de": "Auslichten der Krone zur Förderung der Belüftung.", "en": "Thin out the canopy to improve airflow." } } ] }, "cultivation_specs": { "seed": { "light_germinator": false, "dark_germinator": true, "cold_germinator": true, "stratification_needed": true, "pre_soaking_recommended": false, "germination_temp_c_min": 5, "germination_temp_c_max": 15, "germination_days_min": 120, "germination_days_max": 250, "seed_lifespan_years_min": 1, "seed_lifespan_years_max": 2, "direct_sowing_possible": false, "pre_culture_recommended": false }, "spacing": { "plant_spacing_cm_min": 300, "plant_spacing_cm_max": 500, "row_spacing_cm_min": 400, "row_spacing_cm_max": 600, "recommended_density_per_sqm_min": 0.04, "recommended_density_per_sqm_max": 0.1, "min_bed_width_cm": 200, "square_foot_gardening_spacing": "not_applicable", "spacing_notes": { "de": "Abstand stark abhängig von der verwendeten Unterlage (schwach- bis starkwüchsig).", "en": "Spacing depends heavily on the rootstock used (dwarf to vigorous)." } }, "growth_dimensions": { "height_cm_min": 300, "height_cm_max": 600, "width_cm_min": 250, "width_cm_max": 500, "root_depth_cm_min": 60, "root_depth_cm_max": 120, "root_spread_cm_min": 300, "root_spread_cm_max": 600, "growth_speed": "medium", "final_size_notes": { "de": "Renekloden bilden oft eine recht breite, rundliche Krone aus.", "en": "Greengages often develop a fairly wide, rounded canopy." } }, "temperature": { "min_growing_temp_c": 5, "optimal_temp_c_min": 15, "optimal_temp_c_max": 25, "max_heat_tolerance_c": 35, "frost_sensitive": false, "late_frost_sensitive": true, "heat_tolerance": "medium", "cold_tolerance": "high", "temperature_notes": { "de": "Blüte ist sehr empfindlich gegenüber Spätfrösten im April/Mai.", "en": "Blossoms are very sensitive to late spring frosts in April/May." } }, "water": { "water_need": "medium", "critical_water_phases": { "de": [ "Blütezeit", "Fruchtfall im Juni", "Fruchtentwicklung" ], "en": [ "Flowering period", "June drop", "Fruit development" ] }, "drought_tolerant": false, "drought_sensitivity": "medium", "waterlogging_sensitive": true, "mulching_recommended": true, "water_notes": { "de": "Gleichmäßige Feuchtigkeit verhindert das Aufplatzen der Früchte bei Regen.", "en": "Consistent moisture helps prevent fruit splitting during rain." } }, "nutrition": { "nutrient_group": "medium_feeder", "heavy_feeder": false, "medium_feeder": true, "light_feeder": false, "nitrogen_need": "medium", "phosphorus_need": "medium", "potassium_need": "high", "calcium_need": "medium", "magnesium_need": "low", "compost_recommended": true, "mulching_recommended": true, "fertilizer_sensitivity": "low", "nutrition_notes": { "de": "Kaliumbetonte Düngung fördert die Fruchtreife und den Geschmack.", "en": "Potassium-heavy fertilization improves fruit ripening and flavor." } }, "container": { "container_suitable": true, "min_pot_volume_l": 50, "recommended_pot_volume_l": 90, "min_pot_depth_cm": 50, "min_pot_diameter_cm": 50, "plants_per_container_min": 1, "plants_per_container_max": 1, "drainage_required": true, "repotting_needed": true, "container_notes": { "de": "Nur für Zwergsorten auf schwachwüchsigen Unterlagen geeignet.", "en": "Only suitable for dwarf varieties on restrictive rootstocks." } }, "support": { "needs_support": true, "support_recommended": true, "climbing": false, "vining": false, "trellis_recommended": false, "support_types": [ "stake" ], "support_height_cm_min": 150, "support_height_cm_max": 250, "training_required": true, "support_notes": { "de": "Jungbäume benötigen in den ersten Jahren einen Stützpfahl.", "en": "Young trees require a support stake during the first few years." } }, "cultivation_modes": { "outdoor_bed_suitable": true, "raised_bed_suitable": false, "container_suitable": true, "balcony_suitable": true, "greenhouse_suitable": false, "polytunnel_suitable": false, "indoor_suitable": false, "windowsill_suitable": false, "hydroponic_possible": false, "permaculture_suitable": true, "no_dig_suitable": true }, "yield_density": { "yield_per_plant_min": 10, "yield_per_plant_max": 50, "yield_unit": "kg", "yield_per_sqm_min": 0.5, "yield_per_sqm_max": 2.5, "yield_reliability": "medium", "yield_notes": { "de": "Ertrag schwankt jährlich (Alternanz) und ist wetterabhängig.", "en": "Yield fluctuates annually (biennial bearing) and is weather-dependent." } } }, "site": { "exposure": { "de": "Vollsonnig bis sonnig, geschützt", "en": "Full sun to sunny, sheltered" }, "microclimate_requirements": { "de": "Schutz vor Spätfrösten und starken Winden notwendig.", "en": "Protection from late frosts and strong winds necessary." } }, "soil": { "type": { "de": "Mittelschwerer Lehmboden, humusreich", "en": "Medium loam, rich in humus" }, "ph_range": { "min": 6.0, "max": 7.5 }, "drainage": { "de": "Gut durchlässig, keine Staunässe", "en": "Well-drained, no waterlogging" } }, "watering": { "frequency": { "de": "Regelmäßig, besonders während der Fruchtbildung", "en": "Regularly, especially during fruit formation" }, "quality": { "de": "Normales Leitungswasser oder Regenwasser", "en": "Standard tap water or rainwater" } }, "nutrition": { "primary_fertilizer": { "de": "Reifer Kompost oder organischer Obstdünger", "en": "Mature compost or organic fruit fertilizer" }, "application_timing": { "de": "Hauptgabe im März, eventuell Nachdüngung im Juni", "en": "Main application in March, optional follow-up in June" } }, "cultivation_planning": { "succession_sowing": { "possible": false }, "bed_planning_notes": { "de": "Platzbedarf für die Endgröße des Baumes einplanen; Unterpflanzung mit Kräutern möglich.", "en": "Plan space for the final tree size; underplanting with herbs is possible." }, "rotation_priority": "perennial", "interplanting_potential": "high_as_overstory", "mechanization_relevance": "low_for_gardeners" }, "crop_rotation": { "rotation_priority": "perennial", "fallow_period_years": 15, "preceding_crops": { "de": [ "Gründüngung (Leguminosen)", "Wiese" ], "en": [ "Green manure (legumes)", "Meadow" ] }, "succeeding_crops": { "de": [ "Beerensträucher", "Gemüsekulturen (nach Bodenaufarbeitung)" ], "en": [ "Soft fruit bushes", "Vegetable crops (after soil restoration)" ] }, "notes": { "de": "Bodenmüdigkeit bei Neupflanzung von Steinobst auf derselben Fläche beachten.", "en": "Be mindful of soil sickness when replanting stone fruit on the same site." } }, "companion_planting": { "approach": "guild_planting", "good_neighbors": [ { "slug": "nasturtium", "name": { "de": "Kapuzinerkresse", "en": "Nasturtium" }, "reason": { "de": "Zieht Blattläuse vom Baum ab und dient als lebender Mulch.", "en": "Attracts aphids away from the tree and acts as living mulch." } }, { "slug": "garlic", "name": { "de": "Knoblauch", "en": "Garlic" }, "reason": { "de": "Schutz vor Pilzkrankheiten im Wurzelbereich.", "en": "Protection against fungal diseases in the root zone." } }, { "slug": "comfrey", "name": { "de": "Beinwell", "en": "Comfrey" }, "reason": { "de": "Akkumuliert Kalium, das für die Fruchtbildung wichtig ist.", "en": "Accumulates potassium, which is essential for fruit development." } } ], "bad_neighbors": [ { "slug": "solanum-tuberosum", "name": { "de": "Kartoffel", "en": "Potato" }, "reason": { "de": "Kann Welkekrankheiten übertragen und konkurriert um Nährstoffe.", "en": "Can transmit wilt diseases and competes for nutrients." } } ], "companion_scores": [ { "target_slug": "nasturtium", "score": 5, "reasons": [ "pest_diversion" ] } ], "design_rules": { "de": [ "Unterpflanzung erst bei etablierten Bäumen (nach ca. 3 Jahren).", "Wurzelscheibe für Düngergaben und Belüftung teilweise freihalten." ], "en": [ "Start underplanting only once trees are established (after approx. 3 years).", "Keep part of the root zone clear for fertilization and aeration." ] }, "notes": { "de": "Blühende Unterpflanzungen fördern Nützlinge, die den Schädlingsdruck senken.", "en": "Flowering underplantings encourage beneficial insects that reduce pest pressure." } }, "deficiencies": [ { "slug": "nitrogen-deficiency", "name": { "de": "Stickstoffmangel", "en": "Nitrogen deficiency" }, "symptoms": { "de": "Kümmerwuchs, hellgrüne bis gelbliche Blätter.", "en": "Stunted growth, pale green to yellowish leaves." } }, { "slug": "potassium-deficiency", "name": { "de": "Kaliummangel", "en": "Potassium deficiency" }, "symptoms": { "de": "Blattränder werden braun und rollen sich nach oben.", "en": "Leaf margins turn brown and curl upwards." } } ], "problems": [ { "slug": "biennial-bearing", "name": { "de": "Alternanz", "en": "Biennial bearing" }, "description": { "de": "Schwankende Erträge von Jahr zu Jahr.", "en": "Fluctuating yields from year to year." } }, { "slug": "fruit-splitting", "name": { "de": "Aufplatzen der Früchte", "en": "Fruit splitting" }, "description": { "de": "Plötzliche Wasseraufnahme nach Trockenheit führt zum Platzen.", "en": "Sudden water uptake after drought causes skin to burst." } } ], "problem_management": { "common_pest_groups": { "de": [ "Saugende Insekten (Blattläuse)", "Fruchtschädigende Larven", "Gespinstmotten" ], "en": [ "Sucking insects (aphids)", "Fruit-damaging larvae", "Ermine moths" ] }, "common_disease_groups": { "de": [ "Pilzliche Erreger (Rost, Fäulnis)", "Viruserkrankungen (Scharka)" ], "en": [ "Fungal pathogens (rust, rot)", "Viral diseases (Plum pox)" ] }, "prevention_principles": { "de": [ "Regelmäßiger Auslichtungsschnitt für schnelle Abtrocknung.", "Resistente Sorten und Unterlagen wählen.", "Fallobst konsequent entfernen." ], "en": [ "Regular thinning cuts for rapid drying.", "Choose resistant varieties and rootstocks.", "Consistently remove fallen fruit." ] }, "diagnosis_notes": { "de": "Prüfen Sie Blätter auf Verfärbungen und Früchte auf Einbohrlöcher oder untypischen Gummifluss.", "en": "Check leaves for discoloration and fruits for entry holes or atypical gumming." } }, "disease_graph": { "scope": "central_europe", "profiles": [ { "slug": "monilinia-fructigena", "severity": "high", "conditions": { "de": [ "Feuchte Witterung", "Verletzungen der Fruchthaut" ], "en": [ "Wet weather", "Damage to the fruit skin" ] }, "affected_parts": { "de": [ "Früchte", "Triebspitzen" ], "en": [ "Fruits", "Shoot tips" ] }, "prevention": { "de": [ "Fruchtmumien im Winter entfernen", "Krone offen halten" ], "en": [ "Remove fruit mummies in winter", "Keep canopy open" ] }, "organic_control": { "de": [ "Gesteinsmehl bestäuben", "Schachtelhalmtee spritzen" ], "en": [ "Dust with rock flour", "Spray horsetail tea" ] } } ], "diagnostic_rules": [ { "symptom": { "de": "Klebriger, bernsteinfarbener Saft tritt aus Stamm oder Ästen aus.", "en": "Sticky, amber-colored sap oozes from the trunk or branches." }, "possible_causes": [ "gummosis", "stress", "bacterial_canker" ], "first_checks": { "de": [ "Standort auf Staunässe prüfen", "Rinde auf mechanische Schäden untersuchen" ], "en": [ "Check site for waterlogging", "Inspect bark for mechanical damage" ] } } ], "prevention_strategy": { "cultural": { "de": [ "Kalken der Stämme im Winter", "Ausgewogene Düngung" ], "en": [ "Whitewashing trunks in winter", "Balanced fertilization" ] }, "monitoring": { "de": [ "Gelbfallen ab der Blüte", "Wöchentliche Kontrolle auf Blattläuse" ], "en": [ "Yellow sticky traps from blooming", "Weekly aphid checks" ] }, "organic_first_response": { "de": [ "Befallene Triebe sofort ausschneiden", "Leimringe anbringen" ], "en": [ "Prune out infested shoots immediately", "Apply grease bands" ] }, "notes": { "de": "Hygiene ist bei Steinobst entscheidend; Werkzeuge nach dem Schnitt infizierter Bäume desinfizieren.", "en": "Hygiene is crucial for stone fruit; disinfect tools after pruning infected trees." } } }, "diagnosis": { "common_misdiagnoses": { "de": "Scharka-Virus wird oft mit harmlosem Nährstoffmangel verwechselt.", "en": "Plum pox virus is often mistaken for harmless nutrient deficiency." } }, "phenology": { "stages": { "de": [ "Knospenschwellen", "Blütezeit (April/Mai)", "Fruchtansatz", "Fruchtentwicklung und -ausfärbung", "Fruchtreife (August/September)", "Blattfall und Winterruhe" ], "en": [ "Bud swelling", "Flowering period (April/May)", "Fruit set", "Fruit development and coloring", "Fruit ripeness (August/September)", "Leaf fall and winter dormancy" ] }, "notes": { "de": "Die Blüte erfolgt kurz vor oder gleichzeitig mit dem Laubaustrieb; Renekloden blühen oft sehr üppig.", "en": "Flowering occurs shortly before or simultaneously with leafing out; greengages often bloom very profusely." } }, "flowering_pollination": { "flowering_period": "April - May", "flower_color": { "de": "Weiß", "en": "White" }, "honey_bee_relevance": 4, "wild_bee_relevance": 5 }, "pollination": { "summary": { "de": "Befruchtung erfolgt durch Insekten; viele Sorten sind selbststeril oder nur teilweise selbstfruchtbar.", "en": "Pollination is carried out by insects; many varieties are self-sterile or only partially self-fertile." }, "pollinator_required": true, "self_fertility": "partial_to_sterile", "pollinator_notes": { "de": "Gute Befruchtersorten sind z.B. andere Hauspflaumen oder spezifische Renekloden-Sorten wie 'Große Grüne'.", "en": "Good pollinator varieties include other common plums or specific greengage varieties like 'Reine Claude Verte'." } }, "harvest": { "months": [ 8, 9 ], "yield_estimate": { "de": "10-50 kg pro Baum", "en": "10-50 kg per tree" } }, "harvest_details": { "harvest_frequency": { "de": "Mehrmalige Durchgänge, da Früchte am Baum nacheinander reifen.", "en": "Multiple pickings as fruits ripen sequentially on the tree." }, "harvest_indicators": { "de": [ "Frucht gibt auf leichtem Fingerdruck nach", "Sortentypische Färbung (meist grüngelb bis gelb)", "Süßer Duft der Früchte", "Leichte Ablösbarkeit vom Stiel" ], "en": [ "Fruit yields to light finger pressure", "Variety-specific coloring (usually greenish-yellow to yellow)", "Sweet fragrance of the fruits", "Easily detaches from the stem" ] }, "post_harvest_handling": { "de": "Früchte sind sehr druckempfindlich; vorsichtig in flachen Kisten lagern.", "en": "Fruits are very sensitive to bruising; store carefully in shallow crates." } }, "storage": { "storage_temperature_c": 0, "humidity_percent": 90, "storage_potential": "low" }, "storage_details": { "general_storage_category": { "de": "Kurzzeitlagerung / Frischverzehr", "en": "Short-term storage / Fresh consumption" }, "storage_life": { "de": "Im Kühlschrank ca. 3–5 Tage haltbar.", "en": "Can be kept in the refrigerator for approx. 3–5 days." }, "processing_options": { "de": [ "Einmachen/Einkochen", "Marmeladenherstellung", "Trocknen", "Einfrieren (entkernt)", "Brennen (Schnaps)" ], "en": [ "Canning/Preserving", "Jam making", "Drying", "Freezing (pitted)", "Distilling (schnapps)" ] } }, "processing_use": { "best_for": { "de": [ "Frischverzehr", "Kompott", "Obstkuchen" ], "en": [ "Fresh consumption", "Compote", "Fruit tarts" ] } }, "kitchen_usage": { "culinary_profile": { "de": "Besonders süßes, würziges Aroma mit Honignote; edelste Tafelpflaume.", "en": "Particularly sweet, spicy aroma with honey notes; the finest dessert plum." } }, "safety_and_edibility": { "edible_parts": { "de": [ "Fruchtfleisch", "Fruchthaut" ], "en": [ "Fruit flesh", "Fruit skin" ] }, "inedible_or_caution_parts": { "de": [ "Samen (Kern)", "Blätter", "Rinde" ], "en": [ "Seeds (pit)", "Leaves", "Bark" ] }, "toxicity_notes": { "de": "Kerne enthalten blausäureabspaltende Glykoside und sollten nicht verzehrt werden.", "en": "Pits contain cyanogenic glycosides and should not be consumed." }, "raw_consumption": { "de": "Hervorragend für den Rohverzehr geeignet; vollreif am besten.", "en": "Excellent for raw consumption; best when fully ripe." } }, "seed_saving": { "difficulty": "high", "method": { "de": "Kaltstratifikation der Kerne über den Winter notwendig.", "en": "Cold stratification of the pits over winter is necessary." } }, "seed_saving_advanced": { "genetic_fidelity": { "de": "Keine Sortenreinheit bei Samennachzucht; Veredelung ist Standard.", "en": "No varietal purity with seed propagation; grafting is the standard." } }, "varieties": [ { "slug": "gross-gruene-reneklode", "name": { "de": "Große Grüne Reneklode", "en": "Reine Claude Verte" }, "characteristics": { "de": "Alte Sorte, sehr süß, honigartig, gilt als die beste Tafelpflaume.", "en": "Old variety, very sweet, honey-like, considered the finest dessert plum." }, "pollination_group": "self_sterile", "harvest_period": { "de": "Mitte bis Ende August", "en": "Mid to late August" } }, { "slug": "graf-althanns-reneklode", "name": { "de": "Graf Althanns Reneklode", "en": "Count Althann's Gage" }, "characteristics": { "de": "Rötlich-violette Früchte, festes Fleisch, gute Steinlöslichkeit.", "en": "Reddish-purple fruits, firm flesh, good stone separation." }, "pollination_group": "self_sterile", "harvest_period": { "de": "Anfang bis Mitte September", "en": "Early to mid-September" } }, { "slug": "uulens-reneklode", "name": { "de": "Oullins Reneklode", "en": "Oullins Golden Gage" }, "characteristics": { "de": "Große gelbe Früchte, starkwüchsig, teilweise selbstfruchtbar.", "en": "Large yellow fruits, vigorous growth, partially self-fertile." }, "pollination_group": "partially_self_fertile", "harvest_period": { "de": "Mitte August", "en": "Mid-August" } } ], "rootstocks": [ { "slug": "st-julien-a", "name": "St. Julien A", "vigor": "semi_vigorous", "suitability": { "de": "Standard-Unterlage für Buschbäume und Halbstämme; gute Standfestigkeit.", "en": "Standard rootstock for bush trees and semi-standards; good stability." } }, { "slug": "wa-vit", "name": "Wavit (Prunus domestica)", "vigor": "semi_dwarf", "suitability": { "de": "Ideal für kleinere Gärten, frühe Erträge, keine Ausläuferbildung.", "en": "Ideal for smaller gardens, early yields, no suckering." } }, { "slug": "myrobalane", "name": "Myrobalane (Prunus cerasifera)", "vigor": "vigorous", "suitability": { "de": "Für große Hochstämme auf kargen Böden; sehr langlebig.", "en": "For large standard trees on poor soils; very long-lived." } } ], "woody_crop_details": { "training_systems_to_research": [ "Rundkrone", "Hohlkrone", "Spindel", "Fächerspaliere" ], "rootstock_relevance": "high", "renewal_pruning_relevance": "medium", "notes": { "de": "Renekloden sind oft starkwüchsig und neigen zur Kronenverdichtung; die Wahl der Unterlage bestimmt maßgeblich den Platzbedarf.", "en": "Greengages are often vigorous and prone to canopy crowding; the choice of rootstock significantly determines space requirements." } }, "pruning_logic": { "scope": "tree_canopy", "system": "modified_central_leader", "remove": { "de": [ "Steil stehende Wasserschosse", "Nach innen wachsende Zweige", "Abgestorbenes oder krankes Holz", "Sich kreuzende oder reibende Äste" ], "en": [ "Upright water sprouts", "Inward-growing branches", "Dead or diseased wood", "Crossing or rubbing branches" ] }, "preserve": { "de": [ "Kurzes Fruchtholz (Bukett-Triebe)", "Flach stehende Seitentriebe", "Gesunde Leitäste" ], "en": [ "Short fruiting wood (fruiting spurs)", "Horizontal side shoots", "Healthy main leaders" ] }, "avoid": { "de": [ "Schnitt bei Frost unter -5°C", "Zu starker Rückschnitt (fördert Wasserschosse)", "Schnitt bei Regen (Infektionsgefahr)" ], "en": [ "Pruning during frost below -5°C", "Excessive pruning (promotes water sprouts)", "Pruning during rain (risk of infection)" ] }, "timing_rules": [ { "season": "winter", "months": [ 1, 2, 3 ], "purpose": { "de": "Verjüngung und Gerüstaufbau", "en": "Rejuvenation and framework building" }, "notes": { "de": "Nur an frostfreien Tagen; regt das Wachstum stark an.", "en": "Only on frost-free days; strongly stimulates growth." } }, { "season": "summer", "months": [ 7, 8 ], "purpose": { "de": "Wuchsberuhigung und Belüftung", "en": "Growth suppression and aeration" }, "notes": { "de": "Nach der Ernte oder im Juli; reduziert das Risiko von Monilia.", "en": "After harvest or in July; reduces the risk of Monilia." } } ], "cut_location_rules": { "de": [ "Immer auf Außenknospe absetzen", "Keine Stummel hinterlassen (Schnitt auf Astring)", "Größere Wunden glätten" ], "en": [ "Always cut to an outward-facing bud", "Do not leave stubs (cut to the branch collar)", "Smooth over larger wounds" ] }, "intensity_rules": { "young_trees": "moderate_to_high", "established_trees": "moderate_thinning", "old_trees": "rejuvenation_only" }, "tool_hygiene": { "de": "Werkzeuge nach jedem Baum mit 70%igem Alkohol desinfizieren, um die Ausbreitung von Bakterienbrand zu verhindern.", "en": "Disinfect tools with 70% alcohol after each tree to prevent the spread of bacterial canker." }, "diagram_requirements": { "de": [ "Darstellung der Bukett-Triebe", "Schnittführung am Astring", "Unterscheidung Leittrieb vs. Konkurrenztrieb" ], "en": [ "Illustration of fruiting spurs", "Pruning at the branch collar", "Distinction between leader and competitor shoots" ] }, "notes": { "de": "Renekloden reagieren empfindlich auf zu starken Winterschnitt; Sommerschnitt ist oft verträglicher für die Baumgesundheit.", "en": "Greengages react sensitively to excessive winter pruning; summer pruning is often better for tree health." } }, "pruning_training": [ { "stage": "planting_pruning", "label": { "de": "Pflanzschnitt", "en": "Planting pruning" }, "description": { "de": "Einkürzen der Leittriebe um ca. ein Drittel zur Förderung der Verzweigung.", "en": "Shortening the main leaders by about one third to encourage branching." } }, { "stage": "formative_pruning", "label": { "de": "Erziehungsschnitt", "en": "Formative pruning" }, "description": { "de": "Aufbau eines stabilen Gerüsts aus 3-4 Leitästen in den ersten 5 Jahren.", "en": "Establishing a stable framework of 3-4 main branches during the first 5 years." } }, { "stage": "maintenance_pruning", "label": { "de": "Erhaltungsschnitt", "en": "Maintenance pruning" }, "description": { "de": "Regelmäßiges Auslichten von altem Fruchtholz und konkurrierenden Triebe.", "en": "Regular thinning of old fruiting wood and competing shoots." } } ], "ecology": { "pollinator_value": "high", "wildlife_value": "high", "biodiversity_notes": { "de": "Die frühe Blüte bietet wertvolle Nahrung für Bienen und Hummeln. Vögel nutzen die dichte Krone gern als Nistplatz.", "en": "The early blossoms provide valuable food for bees and bumblebees. Birds often use the dense canopy as a nesting site." } }, "practical_notes": [ { "topic": "pollination", "note": { "de": "Achten Sie beim Kauf auf eine passende Befruchtersorte in der Nachbarschaft, da viele Renekloden nicht selbstfruchtbar sind.", "en": "When buying, ensure a suitable pollinator variety is nearby, as many greengages are not self-fertile." } } ], "seasonal_content": { "spring": { "de": "Blütenschutz bei Nachtfrost.", "en": "Blossom protection during night frosts." }, "summer": { "de": "Haupternte und Sommerschnitt.", "en": "Main harvest and summer pruning." }, "autumn": { "de": "Beste Pflanzzeit für neue Bäume.", "en": "Best planting time for new trees." }, "winter": { "de": "Stammkalkung gegen Frostrisse.", "en": "Trunk whitewashing against frost cracks." } }, "slug": "reneklode", "sources": [ { "title": "Wikidata entity", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1283218", "publisher": "Wikidata", "date_accessed": "2026-05-15" }, { "title": "GBIF species match", "url": "https://api.gbif.org/v1/species/match?name=Prunus%20domestica%20subsp.%20italica&kingdom=Plantae", "publisher": "GBIF", "date_accessed": "2026-05-15" }, { "title": "Deutschsprachige Wikipedia: Edel-Pflaume", "url": "https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edel-Pflaume", "publisher": "Wikipedia", "date_accessed": "2026-05-15" }, { "title": "English Wikipedia: Greengage", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greengage", "publisher": "Wikipedia", "date_accessed": "2026-05-15" } ] }