{ "names": { "common": { "de": "Pfirsich", "en": "Peach" }, "plural": { "de": "Pfirsiche", "en": "Peaches" }, "botanical": "Prunus persica", "botanical_author": "(L.) Stokes", "scientific_synonyms": [ "Persica vulgaris var. albaplena", "Prunus persica f. magnifica", "Persica vulgaris var. pendula", "Persica vulgaris var. sympyrena", "Persica vulgaris densa", "Prunus persica var. uninensis", "Amygdalus persica subsp. scleronucipersica", "Amygdalus persica f. stellata", "Persica domestica", "Amygdalus laevis", "Persica vulgaris var. lanuginosa", "Amygdalus persica var. duracina", "Prunus persica subsp. platycarpa", "Prunus persica f. camelliiflora", "Amygdalus persica var. albaplena", "Prunus persica f. pendula", "Persica vulgaris var. autumnalis", "Persica vulgaris var. fulva", "Persica vulgaris var. nana", "Persica vulgaris f. dianthiflora", "Prunus persica f. nectarina", "Prunus persica f. rubroplena", "Persica vulgaris var. sanguinolenta", "Amygdalus persica var. scleropersica", "Amygdalus persica", "Persica vulgaris var. alba", "Prunus persica var. magnifica", "Persica vulgaris f. nuda", "Persica vulgaris var. cydonia", "Persica vulgaris", "Persica vulgaris var. leucocarpa", "Persica vulgaris var. praecox", "Amygdalus persica var. sinensis", "Persica vulgaris f. camelliiflora", "Amygdalus persica var. aganonucipersica", "Amygdalus persica plena", "Persica vulgaris var. tomentosa", "Prunus persica var. compressa", "Amygdalus persica camelliiflora", "Persica vulgaris var. scleropersica", "Amygdalus persica f. versicolor", "Prunus persica f. albescens", "Amygdalus persica subsp. nucipersica", "Persica vulgaris subsp. nectarina", "Persica vulgaris var. gibbosa", "Persica platycarpa", "Prunus persica f. sanguinea", "Prunus persica subsp. domestica", "Prunus persica var. nectarina", "Prunus persica var. lasiocalyx", "Persica vulgaris scleropersica", "Prunus persica f. glabra", "Persica vulgaris var. aganopersica", "Prunus daemonifuga", "Persica vulgaris leucocarpa", "Persica vulgaris var. odorata", "Amygdalus persica scleropersica", "Prunus persica var. pleiocarpa", "Persica vulgaris f. pyramidalis", "Prunus persica var. commixta", "Persica laevis", "Amygdalus nucipersica", "Persica vulgaris var. diapyrena", "Amygdalus persica scleronucipersica", "Prunus persica subsp. floriplena", "Persica vulgaris var. rosiflora", "Prunus persica f. duplex", "Amygdalus persica var. multiplex", "Prunus persica f. scleronucipersica", "Prunus persica f. alba", "Amygdalus persica var. nectarina", "Prunus persica f. versicolor", "Prunus persica f. uninensis", "Prunus persica subsp. ferganensis", "Persica vulgaris var. campanuliflora", "Amygdalus ferganensis", "Persica vulgaris ovalis", "Prunus persica f. caryophyllodes", "Amygdalus persica alba", "Persica vulgaris var. loiseleurii", "Prunus persica f. compressa", "Persica vulgaris var. pyramidalis", "Persica vulgaris var. bipartita", "Persica vulgaris f. albaplena", "Persica mammillata", "Prunus persica f. scleropersica", "Persica vulgaris var. nucipersica", "Prunus persica f. praematura", "Prunus persica subsp. laevis", "Prunus persica f. albaplena", "Persica levis acidula", "Persica vulgaris var. dianthiflora", "Amygdalus persica duracina", "Persica vulgaris var. caucasica", "Persica vulgaris var. ovata", "Prunus persica f. coccineoplena", "Amygdalus persica var. roseoplena", "Persica vulgaris f. versicolor", "Persica vulgaris f. magnifica", "Prunus persica f. stellata", "Prunus persica f. dasycarpa", "Persica vulgaris var. apiana", "Persica vulgaris var. rotundata", "Persica vulgaris var. mammosa", "Prunus persica f. pyramidalis", "Prunus persica subsp. vulgaris", "Amygdalus persica ispahamensis", "Persica vulgaris var. intermedia", "Prunus persica f. pubescens", "Persica vulgaris subsp. erythrocarpa", "Persica levis", "Persica vulgaris f. alba", "Persica vulgaris var. densa", "Prunus persica var. vulgaris", "Persica vulgaris laevis", "Persica vulgaris var. carnea", "Amygdalus persica var. aganopersica", "Persica vulgaris var. violacea", "Amygdalus persica var. rubroplena", "Prunus persica var. laevis", "Prunus persica var. subspontanea", "Persica vulgaris var. nectarina", "Persica vulgaris versicolor", "Prunus persica var. aposarca", "Persica ferganensis", "Persica vulgaris f. duplex", "Persica vulgaris var. ruberrima", "Persica vulgaris var. minuta", "Persica vulgaris albida", "Prunus persica f. aganopersica", "Prunus ferganensis", "Persica vulgaris var. tristis", "Amygdalus persica var. laevis", "Persica vulgaris isolata", "Prunus persica subsp. nucipersica", "Prunus persica f. pumila", "Persica chinensis var. radiata", "Persica vulgaris secedens", "Persica vulgaris var. camelliiflora", "Amygdalus persica dianthiflora", "Persica vulgaris f. pendula", "Amygdalus persica var. scleronucipersica", "Persica vulgaris subsp. laevis", "Amygdalus persica rosiflora", "Prunus persica var. pendula", "Persica vulgaris var. xanthocarpa", "Prunus persica var. platycarpa", "Prunus persica f. nuda", "Persica pendula", "Persica vulgaris var. magnifica", "Persica vulgaris subsp. atropurpurea", "Amygdalus persica nuda", "Persica vulgaris var. sanguinea", "Persica vulgaris flavorubens", "Persica vulgaris moschata", "Amygdalus persica var. foliis-atropurpureis", "Persica vulgaris var. jucunda", "Amygdalus persica subsp. aganonucipersica", "Prunus persica var. densa", "Persica vulgaris var. atropurpurea", "Prunus persica var. longistyla", "Persica vulgaris succosa", "Amygdalus persica var. stellata", "Persica levis aurantia", "Prunus persica var. xanthocarpa", "Persica nucipersica", "Amygdalus persica var. duplex", "Amygdalus persica var. compressa", "Prunus persica f. aganonucipersica", "Amygdalus persica f. roseaplena", "Prunus persica f. atropurpurea", "Persica vulgaris xanthocarpa", "Prunus persica f. nudicarpa", "Amygdalus persica f. pendula", "Persica vulgaris var. duplex", "Persica vulgaris duracina", "Persica nana", "Amygdalus communis var. persica", "Amygdalus persica persicaduplex", "Persica chinensis", "Persica vulgaris f. sanguinea", "Persica vulgaris var. muscata", "Persica vulgaris f. atropurpurea", "Persica vulgaris var. foliis-rubris", "Prunus persica f. mollis", "Amygdalus persica foliis-rubris", "Prunus persica var. pyramidalis", "Persica vulgaris var. laevis", "Prunus persica f. dianthiflora", "Amygdalus persica var. nucipersica", "Persica vulgaris var. haematocarpa", "Prunus persica var. nucipersica", "Persica vulgaris var. compressa" ], "synonyms": { "de": [ "Pfirsichbaum", "Persica vulgaris", "Amygdalus persica", "Persica ispahanensis" ], "en": [ "peach tree", "peachtree", "peach" ] }, "common_synonyms": { "de": [ "Pfirsichbaum" ], "en": [ "peach tree", "peachtree", "peach" ] }, "international_names": { "la": [ "Prunus persica" ] }, "ambiguous_names": [ { "name": "Pfirsichblättrige Glockenblume", "language": "de", "shared_with": [ "Campanula persicifolia" ], "clarification": { "de": "Nicht zu verwechseln mit der Pfirsichblättrigen Glockenblume (Campanula persicifolia).", "en": "Not to be confused with the Peach-leaved Bellflower (Campanula persicifolia)." } }, { "name": "Pfirsichpalme", "language": "de", "shared_with": [ "Bactris gasipaes" ], "clarification": { "de": "Nicht zu verwechseln mit der Pfirsichpalme (Bactris gasipaes).", "en": "Not to be confused with the Peach Palm (Bactris gasipaes)." } }, { "name": "Pfirsich", "language": "de", "shared_with": [ "Prunus persica (Frucht)" ], "clarification": { "de": "Bezieht sich auf die Pflanze, nicht nur auf die Frucht.", "en": "Refers to the plant, not just the fruit." } }, { "name": "Peach", "language": "en", "shared_with": [ "Prunus persica (fruit)" ], "clarification": { "de": "Bezieht sich auf die Pflanze, nicht nur auf die Frucht.", "en": "Refers to the plant, not just the fruit." } } ], "search_terms": { "de": [ "Pfirsich", "Pfirsichbaum", "Nektarine", "Prunus persica" ], "en": [ "peach", "peach tree", "nectarine", "Prunus persica" ] } }, "taxonomy": { "kingdom": "Plantae", "order": "Rosales", "family_botanical": "Rosaceae", "family": { "de": "Rosengewächse", "en": "Rose family" }, "family_id": "rosaceae", "genus": "Prunus", "species": "Prunus persica", "hybrid_status": "not_hybrid", "related_crops": [ "Prunus domestica", "Prunus armeniaca", "Prunus avium", "Prunus cerasus", "Prunus dulcis" ] }, "classification": { "main_group": "Fruit", "sub_group": "Stone Fruit", "crop_group": "Fruit Tree", "life_cycle": "Perennial", "perennial": true, "woody": true, "tree": true, "shrub": false, "edible_parts": { "de": [ "Frucht" ], "en": [ "fruit" ] } }, "calendar": { "sowing_indoor": { "notes": { "de": "Vermehrung durch Aussaat für den Hausgarten unüblich; meist Veredelung.", "en": "Propagation by seed uncommon for home gardeners; usually grafted." } }, "sowing_outdoor": { "notes": { "de": "Nicht empfohlen, da Sämlinge nicht sortenecht sind.", "en": "Not recommended as seedlings are not true to type." } }, "planting_out": { "months": [ 3, 4, 10, 11 ], "earliest_month": 3, "latest_month": 11, "notes": { "de": "Frühjahrspflanzung in rauen Lagen bevorzugt; Containerware ganzjährig möglich.", "en": "Spring planting preferred in harsh climates; container plants possible year-round." } }, "harvest": { "months": [ 7, 8, 9 ], "earliest_month": 7, "latest_month": 9, "notes": { "de": "Hängt stark von der Sorte und dem regionalen Klima ab.", "en": "Strongly dependent on variety and regional climate." } }, "month_tasks": { "1": [ { "de": "Winterschnitt an frostfreien Tagen.", "en": "Winter pruning on frost-free days." } ], "2": [ { "de": "Austriebsspritzung gegen Kräuselkrankheit bei Knospenschwellen.", "en": "Dormant spray against peach leaf curl as buds swell." } ], "3": [ { "de": "Pflanzzeit für wurzelnackte Bäume.", "en": "Planting season for bare-root trees." } ], "4": [ { "de": "Frostschutz der Blüte bei Spätfrostgefahr.", "en": "Frost protection for blossoms during late frosts." } ], "5": [ { "de": "Düngung mit Kompost oder organischem Obstdünger.", "en": "Fertilize with compost or organic fruit fertilizer." } ], "6": [ { "de": "Fruchtausdünnung bei zu dichtem Behang.", "en": "Fruit thinning if crop load is too heavy." } ], "7": [ { "de": "Ernte früher Sorten beginnen.", "en": "Start harvesting early varieties." } ], "8": [ { "de": "Haupterntezeit; Sommerschnitt nach der Ernte.", "en": "Main harvest; summer pruning after harvest." } ], "9": [ { "de": "Ernte später Sorten abschließen.", "en": "Finish harvesting late varieties." } ], "10": [ { "de": "Herbstpflanzung vorbereiten.", "en": "Prepare for autumn planting." } ], "11": [ { "de": "Stammschutz (Weißanstrich) gegen Frostrisse anbringen.", "en": "Apply trunk protection (white wash) against frost cracks." } ], "12": [ { "de": "Werkzeugpflege und Planung.", "en": "Tool maintenance and planning." } ] }, "month_tasks_structured": { "2": [ { "task": "pest_control", "label": { "de": "Kräuselkrankheit-Prävention", "en": "Peach leaf curl prevention" }, "priority": "high", "months": [ 2 ], "condition": "bud_swell", "estimated_effort": "low", "notes": { "de": "Behandlung muss zwingend vor dem Öffnen der Knopsenschuppen erfolgen.", "en": "Treatment must occur before bud scales open." } } ] } }, "book_content": { "introduction": { "de": "Der Pfirsichbaum (Prunus persica) ist ein beliebtes Obstgehölz für den Hausgarten, das mit seinen saftigen, aromatischen Früchten den Sommer versüßt. Ursprünglich aus China stammend, hat er sich über Persien in Europa verbreitet und ist heute aus vielen Gärten nicht mehr wegzudenken. Obwohl er als wärmeliebend gilt, gibt es robuste Sorten, die auch in kühleren Regionen gedeihen, insbesondere an geschützten Standorten.", "en": "The peach tree (Prunus persica) is a popular fruit tree for home gardens, sweetening summer with its juicy, aromatic fruits. Originally from China, it spread via Persia to Europe and is now indispensable in many gardens. Although considered heat-loving, there are robust varieties that thrive even in cooler regions, especially in sheltered locations." }, "cultivation_tips": { "de": "Ein sonniger, windgeschützter Standort ist entscheidend für reiche Ernten. Der Boden sollte tiefgründig, humos und gut durchlässig sein. Achten Sie auf eine ausgewogene Nährstoffversorgung und vermeiden Sie Staunässe. Der jährliche Schnitt ist unerlässlich, um die Vitalität des Baumes zu erhalten und die Fruchtqualität zu fördern.", "en": "A sunny, wind-protected location is crucial for abundant harvests. The soil should be deep, humus-rich, and well-drained. Ensure balanced nutrient supply and avoid waterlogging. Annual pruning is essential to maintain the tree's vitality and promote fruit quality." } }, "structured_month_tasks": { "3": [ { "task": "planting", "label": { "de": "Obstbaumpflanzung", "en": "Fruit tree planting" }, "priority": "medium", "months": [ 3, 4 ], "condition": "frost_free_soil", "estimated_effort": "medium", "notes": { "de": "Pflanzloch großzügig ausheben und Pfahl setzen.", "en": "Dig a large planting hole and set a stake." } } ] }, "cultivation_specs": { "seed": { "seed_depth_cm_min": 4.0, "seed_depth_cm_max": 6.0, "light_germinator": false, "dark_germinator": true, "cold_germinator": true, "stratification_needed": true, "pre_soaking_recommended": true, "germination_temp_c_min": 4.0, "germination_temp_c_max": 12.0, "germination_days_min": 90, "germination_days_max": 120, "seed_lifespan_years_min": 1, "seed_lifespan_years_max": 2, "direct_sowing_possible": false, "pre_culture_recommended": false }, "spacing": { "plant_spacing_cm_min": 300.0, "plant_spacing_cm_max": 500.0, "row_spacing_cm_min": 400.0, "row_spacing_cm_max": 600.0, "recommended_density_per_sqm_min": 0.04, "recommended_density_per_sqm_max": 0.1, "min_bed_width_cm": 200.0, "square_foot_gardening_spacing": "not_suitable", "spacing_notes": { "de": "Abstände variieren stark je nach Unterlage (schwachwüchsig vs. starkwüchsig).", "en": "Spacing varies greatly depending on the rootstock (dwarf vs. vigorous)." } }, "growth_dimensions": { "height_cm_min": 300.0, "height_cm_max": 500.0, "width_cm_min": 250.0, "width_cm_max": 400.0, "root_depth_cm_min": 60.0, "root_depth_cm_max": 100.0, "root_spread_cm_min": 200.0, "root_spread_cm_max": 400.0, "growth_speed": "medium", "final_size_notes": { "de": "Regelmäßiger Schnitt hält den Baum kompakt und fördert die Fruchtqualität.", "en": "Regular pruning keeps the tree compact and improves fruit quality." } }, "temperature": { "min_growing_temp_c": 7.0, "optimal_temp_c_min": 18.0, "optimal_temp_c_max": 28.0, "max_heat_tolerance_c": 38.0, "frost_sensitive": false, "late_frost_sensitive": true, "heat_tolerance": "high", "cold_tolerance": "medium", "temperature_notes": { "de": "Holz ist frosthart bis ca. -20°C, aber Blüten sind extrem empfindlich gegen Spätfroste.", "en": "Wood is hardy to approx. -20°C, but blossoms are extremely sensitive to late frosts." } }, "water": { "water_need": "medium", "critical_water_phases": { "de": [ "Fruchtentwicklung", "Anwachsphase" ], "en": [ "Fruit development", "Establishment phase" ] }, "drought_tolerant": true, "drought_sensitivity": "low", "waterlogging_sensitive": true, "mulching_recommended": true, "water_notes": { "de": "Staunässe führt schnell zu Wurzelfäule; Trockenheit während der Fruchtreife mindert die Qualität.", "en": "Waterlogging quickly leads to root rot; drought during fruit ripening reduces quality." } }, "nutrition": { "nutrient_group": "medium_feeder", "heavy_feeder": false, "medium_feeder": true, "light_feeder": false, "nitrogen_need": "medium", "phosphorus_need": "medium", "potassium_need": "high", "calcium_need": "medium", "magnesium_need": "medium", "compost_recommended": true, "mulching_recommended": true, "fertilizer_sensitivity": "medium", "nutrition_notes": { "de": "Kaliumbetonte Düngung fördert die Fruchtausreife und Frosthärte des Holzes.", "en": "Potassium-rich fertilization promotes fruit ripening and wood hardiness." } }, "container": { "container_suitable": true, "min_pot_volume_l": 30.0, "recommended_pot_volume_l": 50.0, "min_pot_depth_cm": 40.0, "min_pot_diameter_cm": 45.0, "plants_per_container_min": 1, "plants_per_container_max": 1, "drainage_required": true, "repotting_needed": true, "container_notes": { "de": "Nur Zwergsorten für die dauerhafte Kübelhaltung geeignet.", "en": "Only dwarf varieties are suitable for permanent container cultivation." } }, "support": { "needs_support": true, "support_recommended": true, "climbing": false, "vining": false, "trellis_recommended": true, "support_types": [ "stake", "espalier" ], "support_height_cm_min": 150.0, "support_height_cm_max": 300.0, "training_required": true, "support_notes": { "de": "Anbau als Spalier an einer Südwand ideal für wärmebedürftige Sorten.", "en": "Growing as an espalier on a south-facing wall is ideal for heat-loving varieties." } }, "cultivation_modes": { "outdoor_bed_suitable": true, "raised_bed_suitable": false, "container_suitable": true, "balcony_suitable": true, "greenhouse_suitable": true, "polytunnel_suitable": true, "indoor_suitable": false, "windowsill_suitable": false, "hydroponic_possible": false, "permaculture_suitable": true, "no_dig_suitable": true }, "yield_density": { "yield_per_plant_min": 10.0, "yield_per_plant_max": 40.0, "yield_unit": "kg", "yield_per_sqm_min": 1.0, "yield_per_sqm_max": 5.0, "yield_reliability": "medium", "yield_notes": { "de": "Ertrag schwankt je nach Frostschäden während der Blüte.", "en": "Yield varies depending on frost damage during flowering." } } }, "site": { "exposure": { "de": "Vollsonnig, geschützt", "en": "Full sun, sheltered" }, "microclimate_needs": { "de": "Weinbauklima oder geschützte Hauswand bevorzugt.", "en": "Vineyard climate or sheltered house wall preferred." } }, "soil": { "soil_type": { "de": "Humos, tiefgründig, sandiger Lehm", "en": "Humus-rich, deep, sandy loam" }, "ph_range": { "min": 6.0, "max": 7.5 }, "drainage": { "de": "Sehr gut, keine Staunässe", "en": "Excellent, no waterlogging" } }, "watering": { "general": { "de": "Gleichmäßig feucht halten, besonders während der Fruchtbildung.", "en": "Keep consistently moist, especially during fruit set." } }, "nutrition": { "general": { "de": "Jährliche Kompostgabe im Frühjahr ausreichend.", "en": "Annual compost application in spring is sufficient." } }, "cultivation_planning": { "succession_sowing": { "possible": false }, "bed_planning_notes": { "de": "Wegen Bodenmüdigkeit nicht nach anderen Rosengewächsen pflanzen.", "en": "Do not plant after other Rose family members due to soil sickness." }, "rotation_priority": "permanent", "interplanting_potential": "low", "mechanization_relevance": "low" }, "crop_rotation": { "rotation_priority": "permanent", "notes": { "de": "Als Dauerkultur keine klassische Fruchtfolge. Wegen Bodenmüdigkeit (Replant-Disease) sollte eine Neupflanzung von Pfirsichen oder anderen Rosengewächsen am selben Standort für mindestens 5-7 Jahre vermieden werden.", "en": "As a permanent crop, no classical rotation. Due to soil sickness (replant disease), avoid replanting peaches or other Rose family members in the same spot for at least 5-7 years." } }, "companion_planting": { "approach": "underplanting_and_guilds", "good_neighbors": [ { "slug": "nasturtium", "name": { "de": "Kapuzinerkresse", "en": "Nasturtium" }, "reason": { "de": "Zieht Blattläuse vom Baum weg und dient als Mulchersatz.", "en": "Acts as a trap crop for aphids and serves as living mulch." }, "relationship_type": "beneficial" }, { "slug": "garlic", "name": { "de": "Knoblauch", "en": "Garlic" }, "reason": { "de": "Kann helfen, Pilzkrankheiten wie die Kräuselkrankheit im Wurzelbereich zu unterdrücken.", "en": "May help suppress fungal diseases like peach leaf curl in the root zone." }, "relationship_type": "beneficial" }, { "slug": "horseradish", "name": { "de": "Meerrettich", "en": "Horseradish" }, "reason": { "de": "Stärkt die Widerstandsfähigkeit gegen Monilia-Fruchtfäule.", "en": "Strengthens resistance against Monilia fruit rot." }, "relationship_type": "beneficial" } ], "bad_neighbors": [ { "slug": "potato", "name": { "de": "Kartoffel", "en": "Potato" }, "reason": { "de": "Erhöhtes Risiko für Verticillium-Welke.", "en": "Increased risk of Verticillium wilt." }, "relationship_type": "competitive" } ], "companion_scores": [ { "target_slug": "nasturtium", "score": 5, "reasons": [ "pest_deterrent" ] } ], "design_rules": { "de": [ "Baumscheibe im jungen Alter freihalten", "Später stickstoffsammelnde Unterpflanzung nutzen" ], "en": [ "Keep the root zone clear when young", "Use nitrogen-fixing underplanting later on" ] }, "notes": { "de": "Pfirsiche profitieren von einer offenen, aber gemulchten Baumscheibe.", "en": "Peaches benefit from an open but mulched root zone." } }, "deficiencies": [ { "slug": "iron-chlorosis", "name": { "de": "Eisenmangel (Chlorose)", "en": "Iron deficiency (Chlorosis)" }, "symptoms": { "de": "Gelbe Blätter mit grünen Adern, oft auf kalkreichen Böden.", "en": "Yellow leaves with green veins, often on lime-rich soils." } } ], "problems": [ { "slug": "frost-damage-blossoms", "name": { "de": "Spätfrostschäden an der Blüte", "en": "Late frost damage to blossoms" }, "symptoms": { "de": "Braune, absterbende Blüten nach Frostnächten.", "en": "Brown, dying blossoms after frosty nights." } } ], "problem_management": { "common_pest_groups": { "de": [ "Blattläuse", "Wickler", "Schildläuse" ], "en": [ "Aphids", "Moths", "Scale insects" ] }, "common_disease_groups": { "de": [ "Echter Mehltau", "Schrotschusskrankheit", "Kragenfäule" ], "en": [ "Powdery mildew", "Shot hole disease", "Phytophthora root rot" ] }, "prevention_principles": { "de": [ "Wahl resistenter Sorten (z.B. 'Revita')", "Lichter Schnitt für schnelle Abtrocknung", "Ausgewogene Düngung (kein Stickstoffüberschuss)" ], "en": [ "Choose resistant varieties (e.g., 'Revita')", "Open pruning for fast drying", "Balanced fertilization (avoid excess nitrogen)" ] }, "diagnosis_notes": { "de": "Blattveränderungen im frühen Austrieb deuten meist auf Pilzinfektionen des Vorjahres hin.", "en": "Leaf changes in early growth usually indicate fungal infections from the previous year." } }, "disease_graph": { "scope": "central_europe_temperate", "profiles": [ { "slug": "taphrina-deformans", "severity": "high", "conditions": { "de": [ "Feuchtes Frühjahr", "Temperaturen unter 16°C beim Austrieb" ], "en": [ "Wet spring", "Temperatures below 16°C during bud break" ] }, "affected_parts": { "de": [ "Blätter", "Triebe" ], "en": [ "Leaves", "Shoots" ] }, "prevention": { "de": [ "Wahl geschützter Standorte", "Stärkung mit Schachtelhalmtee" ], "en": [ "Sheltered planting site", "Strengthening with horsetail tea" ] }, "organic_control": { "de": [ "Befallene Blätter frühzeitig absammeln", "Pflanzenstärkungsmittel" ], "en": [ "Remove infected leaves early", "Plant fortifiers" ] } } ], "diagnostic_rules": [ { "symptom": { "de": "Blätter kräuseln sich und verfärben sich rötlich", "en": "Leaves curl and turn reddish" }, "possible_causes": [ "taphrina-deformans" ], "first_checks": { "de": [ "Zeitpunkt des Auftretens (Frühjahr?)", "Vorhandensein von Blattläusen (Ausschluss)" ], "en": [ "Timing of appearance (Spring?)", "Presence of aphids (Rule out)" ] } } ], "prevention_strategy": { "cultural": { "de": [ "Sonniger, luftiger Standort", "Regenschutz bei kleinen Bäumen" ], "en": [ "Sunny, airy location", "Rain protection for small trees" ] }, "monitoring": { "de": [ "Knospenschwellen im Februar/März beobachten" ], "en": [ "Monitor bud swell in February/March" ] }, "organic_first_response": { "de": [ "Entfernen von Infektionsquellen (Mumien, Falllaub)" ], "en": [ "Remove infection sources (mummies, leaf litter)" ] }, "notes": { "de": "Hygiene ist bei Steinobst der wichtigste Faktor.", "en": "Hygiene is the most important factor for stone fruit." } } }, "diagnosis": { "common_misdiagnoses": { "de": [ "Kräuselkrankheit vs. Blattlausbefall", "Frostschaden vs. Stickstoffmangel" ], "en": [ "Peach leaf curl vs. aphid infestation", "Frost damage vs. nitrogen deficiency" ] } }, "phenology": { "stages": { "de": [ "Winterruhe", "Knospenschwellen", "Blüte", "Fruchtansatz", "Fruchtausdehnung", "Fruchtreife", "Blattfall" ], "en": [ "Dormancy", "Bud swell", "Flowering", "Fruit set", "Fruit expansion", "Fruit ripening", "Leaf drop" ] }, "notes": { "de": "Die Blüte erfolgt sehr früh im Jahr, oft noch vor dem Laubaustrieb.", "en": "Flowering occurs very early in the year, often before the leaves emerge." } }, "flowering_pollination": { "flowering_period": { "de": "März bis April", "en": "March to April" }, "flower_color": { "de": "Rosa bis kräftig pink", "en": "Pink to deep pink" } }, "pollination": { "summary": { "de": "Die meisten Pfirsichsorten sind selbstfruchtbar, profitieren aber von Insektenbestäubung.", "en": "Most peach varieties are self-fertile but benefit from insect pollination." }, "pollinator_required": false, "self_fertility": "high", "pollinator_notes": { "de": "Bienen und Hummeln sind die Hauptbestäuber; bei kühlem Wetter im frühen Frühjahr ist die Befruchtung oft eingeschränkt.", "en": "Bees and bumblebees are the main pollinators; fertilization is often limited during cool early spring weather." } }, "harvest": { "harvest_period": { "de": "Juli bis September", "en": "July to September" }, "yield_estimate": { "de": "10-40 kg pro Baum", "en": "10-40 kg per tree" } }, "harvest_details": { "harvest_frequency": { "de": "Mehrfaches Durchpflücken erforderlich, da Früchte ungleichmäßig reifen.", "en": "Multiple pickings required as fruits ripen unevenly." }, "harvest_indicators": { "de": [ "Frucht gibt auf leichten Fingerdruck nach", "Grundfarbe schlägt von grün nach gelb/weiß um", "Typischer intensiver Duft", "Frucht lässt sich leicht vom Stiel lösen" ], "en": [ "Fruit yields to gentle pressure", "Ground color changes from green to yellow/white", "Typical intense fragrance", "Fruit separates easily from the stem" ] }, "post_harvest_handling": { "de": "Vorsichtig handhaben, da Pfirsiche extrem druckempfindlich sind.", "en": "Handle with care as peaches are extremely sensitive to bruising." } }, "storage": { "storage_temperature_c": 0, "storage_humidity_pct": 90, "shelf_life_days": 3 }, "storage_details": { "general_storage_category": { "de": "Kurzzeitlagerung", "en": "Short-term storage" }, "storage_life": { "de": "Im Kühlschrank ca. 3-5 Tage; bei Zimmertemperatur nur 1-2 Tage.", "en": "Approx. 3-5 days in the refrigerator; only 1-2 days at room temperature." }, "processing_options": { "de": [ "Einkochen", "Einfrieren (entsteint)", "Trocknen", "Saft/Sirup", "Marmelade" ], "en": [ "Canning", "Freezing (pitted)", "Drying", "Juice/Syrup", "Jam" ] } }, "processing_use": { "commercial_products": { "de": [ "Dosenpfirsiche", "Pfirsichnektar", "Likör" ], "en": [ "Canned peaches", "Peach nectar", "Liqueur" ] } }, "kitchen_usage": { "preparation_methods": { "de": [ "Frischverzehr", "Backen", "Desserts", "Grillen" ], "en": [ "Fresh consumption", "Baking", "Desserts", "Grilling" ] }, "culinary_notes": { "de": "Haut kann durch kurzes Blanchieren leicht entfernt werden.", "en": "Skin can be easily removed by brief blanching." } }, "safety_and_edibility": { "edible_parts": { "de": [ "Fruchtfleisch", "Haut" ], "en": [ "Fruit flesh", "Skin" ] }, "inedible_or_caution_parts": { "de": [ "Kern (enthält Amygdalin)", "Blätter" ], "en": [ "Pit (contains amygdalin)", "Leaves" ] }, "toxicity_notes": { "de": "Der Samenkern im Inneren des Steins ist giftig und darf nicht verzehrt werden.", "en": "The seed kernel inside the pit is toxic and must not be consumed." }, "raw_consumption": { "de": "Sehr gut geeignet und üblich.", "en": "Highly suitable and common." } }, "seed_saving": { "seed_type": "stone", "cleaning_method": "flesh_removal", "drying_needed": true }, "seed_saving_advanced": { "stratification_required": true, "stratification_period_days": 90, "isolation_distance_m": 0, "notes": { "de": "Sämlinge sind nicht sortenecht und werden meist nur als Veredelungsunterlagen verwendet.", "en": "Seedlings are not true to type and are mostly used as grafting rootstocks." } }, "varieties": [ { "slug": "redhaven", "name": "Redhaven", "characteristics": { "de": "Weltweit verbreitete Standardsorte, festes Fleisch, gut steinlösend.", "en": "Global standard variety, firm flesh, good freestone qualities." }, "harvest_time": { "de": "Anfang bis Mitte August", "en": "Early to mid-August" } }, { "slug": "revita", "name": "Revita", "characteristics": { "de": "Sehr widerstandsfähig gegen Kräuselkrankheit, weißfleischig.", "en": "Highly resistant to peach leaf curl, white-fleshed." }, "harvest_time": { "de": "Mitte bis Ende August", "en": "Mid to late August" } }, { "slug": "benedicte", "name": "Bénédicte", "characteristics": { "de": "Robuste Sorte mit exzellentem Aroma, weißfleischig, wenig anfällig.", "en": "Robust variety with excellent aroma, white-fleshed, low susceptibility." }, "harvest_time": { "de": "Ende August", "en": "Late August" } } ], "rootstocks": [ { "name": "St. Julien A", "vigor": "medium", "notes": { "de": "Häufigste Unterlage für Hausgärten, gute Bodenanpassung.", "en": "Most common rootstock for home gardens, adapts well to various soils." } }, { "name": "GF 677", "vigor": "high", "notes": { "de": "Sehr starkwüchsig, ideal für trockene, kalkhaltige Böden.", "en": "Very vigorous, ideal for dry, calcareous soils." } }, { "name": "Prunus pumila", "vigor": "low", "notes": { "de": "Schwachwüchsig, geeignet für kleine Gärten oder Kübel.", "en": "Low vigor, suitable for small gardens or containers." } } ], "woody_crop_details": { "training_systems_to_research": [ "Hohlkrone", "Spindel", "Fächerspalier" ], "rootstock_relevance": "High - rootstock determines final size and soil adaptability.", "renewal_pruning_relevance": "Critical - peaches fruit only on one-year-old wood.", "notes": { "de": "Der Pfirsich benötigt einen regelmäßigen Verjüngungsschnitt, da er sonst schnell vergreist.", "en": "Peaches require regular renewal pruning, otherwise the tree quickly becomes senescent." } }, "pruning_logic": { "scope": "Annual maintenance and renewal", "system": "Mixed pruning (fruiting and structural)", "remove": { "de": [ "Abgetragene Fruchtruten des Vorjahres", "Wasserschosse im Bauminneren", "Steil nach oben wachsende Triebe", "Krankes oder totes Holz (Monilia-Spitzen)" ], "en": [ "Spent fruiting wood from the previous year", "Water sprouts in the tree center", "Vertical upright shoots", "Diseased or dead wood (Monilia tips)" ] }, "preserve": { "de": [ "Wahre Fruchtzweige (mit Knospenpaaren aus Blüten- und Blattknospen)", "Leitasterweiterungen" ], "en": [ "True fruiting branches (with bud pairs of flower and leaf buds)", "Main branch extensions" ] }, "avoid": { "de": [ "Schnitt bei Frost", "Zu später Schnitt nach dem Austrieb", "Belassen von Holztrieben ohne Fruchtknospen" ], "en": [ "Pruning during frost", "Pruning too late after bud break", "Leaving wood shoots without fruit buds" ] }, "timing_rules": [ { "season": "Spring", "months": [ 3, 4 ], "purpose": { "de": "Ertragsschnitt", "en": "Production pruning" }, "notes": { "de": "Erfolgt kurz vor oder während der Blüte, um wahre von falschen Fruchtzweigen zu unterscheiden.", "en": "Done shortly before or during flowering to distinguish true from false fruiting branches." } }, { "season": "Summer", "months": [ 7, 8 ], "purpose": { "de": "Sommerschnitt", "en": "Summer pruning" }, "notes": { "de": "Entfernen von Wasserschossen zur besseren Belichtung der Früchte.", "en": "Removing water sprouts to improve light penetration for the fruits." } } ], "cut_location_rules": { "de": [ "Schnitt auf Außenknospe", "Ableiten auf flachere Seitentriebe", "Keine Kleiderhaken (Stummel) hinterlassen" ], "en": [ "Cut to an outward-facing bud", "Heading back to flatter side shoots", "Do not leave 'coat hooks' (stubs)" ] }, "intensity_rules": { "standard": "High - up to 50% of the wood can be removed annually to ensure new growth.", "young_trees": "Moderate - focus on structure.", "old_trees": "High - strong renewal pruning needed." }, "decision_tree": [ { "step": 1, "question": "Is the shoot a 'true' fruiting branch (triplets of buds)?", "action_if_yes": "Shorten to 6-8 bud pairs.", "action_if_no": "Remove or shorten to 2 buds (stubs) for renewal." } ], "tool_hygiene": { "de": "Säge und Schere nach jedem Baum desinfizieren (Prävention von Bakterienbrand).", "en": "Disinfect saw and shears after each tree (prevention of bacterial canker)." }, "diagram_requirements": { "de": [ "Unterscheidung wahrer/falscher Fruchtzweig", "Hohlkronen-Aufbau", "Schnittstelle am Astring" ], "en": [ "Distinction between true/false fruiting branches", "Open center structure", "Cut location at the branch collar" ] }, "notes": { "de": "Pfirsiche blühen am einjährigen Holz. Ohne Schnitt wandert die Erntezone jedes Jahr weiter nach außen.", "en": "Peaches flower on one-year-old wood. Without pruning, the fruiting zone moves further outwards every year." } }, "pruning_training": [ { "system": "Hohlkrone", "description": { "de": "Drei bis vier Leitäste ohne Mitteltrieb für maximale Belichtung.", "en": "Three to four main branches without a central leader for maximum light." } }, { "system": "Fächerspalier", "description": { "de": "Ideal für den Anbau an Hauswänden in kühleren Lagen.", "en": "Ideal for growing against house walls in cooler climates." } } ], "ecology": { "pollinator_value": "high", "wildlife_value": "medium", "biodiversity_notes": { "de": "Die frühe Blüte bietet eine wichtige Nahrungsquelle für Bienen und Hummeln im zeitigen Frühjahr. Alte Bäume bieten Nistplätze.", "en": "Early flowering provides an important food source for bees and bumblebees in early spring. Old trees offer nesting sites." } }, "slug": "pfirsich", "sources": [ { "title": "Wikidata entity", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13189", "publisher": "Wikidata", "date_accessed": "2026-05-14" }, { "title": "GBIF species match", "url": "https://api.gbif.org/v1/species/match?name=Prunus%20persica&kingdom=Plantae", "publisher": "GBIF", "date_accessed": "2026-05-14" }, { "title": "Deutschsprachige Wikipedia: Pfirsich", "url": "https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pfirsich", "publisher": "Wikipedia", "date_accessed": "2026-05-14" }, { "title": "English Wikipedia: Peach", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peach", "publisher": "Wikipedia", "date_accessed": "2026-05-14" } ] }