{ "names": { "common": { "de": "Pastinake", "en": "Parsnip" }, "plural": { "de": "Pastinaken", "en": "Parsnips" }, "botanical": "Pastinaca sativa", "botanical_author": "L.", "scientific_synonyms": [ "Selinum pastinaca", "Peucedanum sativum", "Elaphoboscum sativum", "Anethum pastinaca" ], "synonyms": { "de": [ "Pastinak", "Gewöhnlicher Pastinak", "Wurzelpetersilie", "Hammelmöhre", "Hirschmöhre" ], "en": [ "Common Parsnip", "Wild Parsnip" ] }, "common_synonyms": { "de": [ "Pastinak", "Gewöhnlicher Pastinak" ], "en": [ "Wild Parsnip" ] }, "regional_names": { "de": [ "Pasternak", "Bocksbart" ] }, "historical_names": { "de": [ "Pusternak" ] }, "market_names": { "de": [ "Pastinake" ], "en": [ "Parsnip" ] }, "misspellings": { "de": [ "Pastinacke" ], "en": [ "Pasnip" ] }, "international_names": { "fr": [ "Panais" ], "es": [ "Chirivía" ], "it": [ "Pastinaca" ], "pl": [ "Pasternak zwyczajny" ], "nl": [ "Pastinaak" ] }, "ambiguous_names": [ { "name": "Bocksbart", "language": "de", "shared_with": [ "Tragopogon" ], "clarification": { "de": "Wird regional für die Pastinake verwendet, bezeichnet meist jedoch die Gattung Tragopogon.", "en": "Regionally used for parsnip, but usually refers to the genus Tragopogon." } } ], "search_terms": { "de": [ "Pastinake", "Pastinak", "Pastinaca sativa", "Wintergemüse" ], "en": [ "Parsnip", "Pastinaca sativa", "Root vegetable" ] } }, "taxonomy": { "kingdom": "Plantae", "clades": [ "Tracheophyta", "Angiospermae", "Eudicotidae", "Asteridae" ], "order": "Apiales", "family_botanical": "Apiaceae", "family": { "de": "Doldenblütler", "en": "Carrot family" }, "family_id": "apiaceae", "subfamily": "Apioideae", "tribe": "Tordylieae", "genus": "Pastinaca", "species": "Pastinaca sativa", "subspecies": "sativa", "botanical_variety": "sativa", "hybrid_status": "not_hybrid", "related_crops": [ "Daucus carota", "Petroselinum crispum", "Apium graveolens" ] }, "classification": { "main_group": "Vegetables", "sub_group": "Root Vegetables", "crop_group": "Root and tuber crops", "life_cycle": "biennial", "perennial": false, "woody": false, "tree": false, "shrub": false, "edible_parts": { "de": [ "Wurzel", "Blätter" ], "en": [ "Root", "Leaves" ] }, "nutrient_group": "Carbohydrates" }, "calendar": { "sowing_indoor": { "notes": { "de": "Vorkultur nicht empfohlen, da die Pfahlwurzel empfindlich auf Umpflanzen reagiert.", "en": "Pre-culture not recommended as the taproot is sensitive to transplanting." } }, "sowing_outdoor": { "months": [ 3, 4, 5, 6 ], "earliest_month": 3, "latest_month": 6, "notes": { "de": "Frühe Aussaat ermöglicht maximale Wurzelentwicklung; Keimung dauert oft 3-4 Wochen.", "en": "Early sowing allows for maximum root development; germination often takes 3-4 weeks." } }, "planting_out": { "notes": { "de": "Direktsaat bevorzugt.", "en": "Direct sowing preferred." } }, "harvest": { "months": [ 10, 11, 12, 1, 2 ], "earliest_month": 10, "latest_month": 2, "notes": { "de": "Ernte nach dem ersten Frost verbessert das Aroma (Stärkenumwandlung in Zucker).", "en": "Harvesting after the first frost improves flavor (conversion of starch to sugar)." } }, "month_tasks": { "3": [ { "de": "Direktsaat im Freiland bei abgetrocknetem Boden.", "en": "Direct sowing outdoors once the soil has dried out." } ], "5": [ { "de": "Sämlinge auf den endgültigen Abstand ausdünnen.", "en": "Thin seedlings to their final spacing." } ], "11": [ { "de": "Haupternte für die Einlagerung oder im Boden belassen.", "en": "Main harvest for storage or leave in the ground." } ] }, "month_tasks_structured": { "3": [ { "task": "sowing", "label": { "de": "Aussaat", "en": "Sowing" }, "priority": "high", "months": [ 3, 4 ], "condition": "frost_free_soil", "estimated_effort": "medium", "notes": { "de": "Markiersaat (z.B. Radieschen) verwenden, da Pastinaken langsam keimen.", "en": "Use marker crops (e.g. radishes) as parsnips are slow to germinate." } } ], "10": [ { "task": "harvesting", "label": { "de": "Erntebeginn", "en": "Start of harvest" }, "priority": "medium", "months": [ 10, 11 ], "condition": "post_frost_optional", "estimated_effort": "medium", "notes": { "de": "Wurzeln vorsichtig mit der Grabegabel heben.", "en": "Carefully lift roots with a digging fork." } } ] } }, "book_content": { "overview": { "de": "Die Pastinake ist ein unverzichtbares Wintergemüse für den Selbstversorgergarten. Ihre langen, cremefarbenen Pfahlwurzeln entwickeln erst nach den ersten Frösten ihr volles, süßlich-nussiges Aroma. Im Anbau benötigt sie vor allem Geduld bei der Keimung und einen tiefgründig gelockerten Boden.", "en": "The parsnip is an essential winter vegetable for the self-sufficient garden. Its long, cream-colored taproots only develop their full sweet, nutty flavor after the first frosts. Cultivation requires patience during germination and deeply loosened soil." } }, "structured_month_tasks": { "3": [ { "task": "sowing", "label": { "de": "Direktsaat ins Freiland", "en": "Direct sowing in the open ground" }, "priority": "high", "months": [ 3, 4, 5 ], "condition": "soil_temp_8c", "estimated_effort": "low", "notes": { "de": "Boden tiefgründig lockern, um krumme Wurzeln zu vermeiden.", "en": "Loosen soil deeply to prevent misshapen roots." } } ], "6": [ { "task": "maintenance", "label": { "de": "Unkrautkontrolle und Hacken", "en": "Weed control and hoeing" }, "priority": "medium", "months": [ 6, 7, 8 ], "condition": "dry_weather", "estimated_effort": "medium", "notes": { "de": "Vorsichtig hacken, um die Schultern der Wurzeln nicht zu verletzen.", "en": "Hoe carefully to avoid damaging the shoulders of the roots." } } ] }, "cultivation_specs": { "seed": { "seed_depth_cm_min": 1, "seed_depth_cm_max": 2, "light_germinator": false, "dark_germinator": true, "cold_germinator": false, "stratification_needed": false, "pre_soaking_recommended": true, "germination_temp_c_min": 8, "germination_temp_c_max": 20, "germination_days_min": 15, "germination_days_max": 28, "seed_lifespan_years_min": 1, "seed_lifespan_years_max": 2, "direct_sowing_possible": true, "pre_culture_recommended": false }, "spacing": { "plant_spacing_cm_min": 10, "plant_spacing_cm_max": 15, "row_spacing_cm_min": 30, "row_spacing_cm_max": 45, "recommended_density_per_sqm_min": 15, "recommended_density_per_sqm_max": 25, "thinning_distance_cm": 10, "min_bed_width_cm": 60, "square_foot_gardening_spacing": "9 per square foot", "spacing_notes": { "de": "Engerer Stand ergibt kleinere, zartere Wurzeln.", "en": "Closer spacing results in smaller, more tender roots." } }, "growth_dimensions": { "height_cm_min": 30, "height_cm_max": 50, "width_cm_min": 20, "width_cm_max": 30, "root_depth_cm_min": 30, "root_depth_cm_max": 50, "root_spread_cm_min": 5, "root_spread_cm_max": 10, "growth_speed": "slow", "final_size_notes": { "de": "Das Laub kann bei Hautkontakt in Verbindung mit Sonnenlicht Irritationen auslösen.", "en": "Foliage can cause skin irritation in contact with sunlight (phytophotodermatitis)." } }, "temperature": { "min_growing_temp_c": 5, "optimal_temp_c_min": 15, "optimal_temp_c_max": 22, "max_heat_tolerance_c": 30, "soil_temp_for_sowing_c_min": 8, "soil_temp_for_sowing_c_optimal": 15, "frost_sensitive": false, "late_frost_sensitive": false, "heat_tolerance": "medium", "cold_tolerance": "very_high", "temperature_notes": { "de": "Vollständig winterhart; Frost verbessert den Zuckergehalt.", "en": "Fully hardy; frost improves sugar content." } }, "water": { "water_need": "medium", "critical_water_phases": { "de": [ "Keimphase", "Hauptwachstumsphase der Wurzel im Sommer" ], "en": [ "Germination phase", "Main root growth phase in summer" ] }, "drought_tolerant": true, "drought_sensitivity": "low", "waterlogging_sensitive": true, "mulching_recommended": true, "water_notes": { "de": "Gleichmäßige Feuchtigkeit verhindert das Aufplatzen der Wurzeln.", "en": "Consistent moisture prevents roots from splitting." } }, "nutrition": { "nutrient_group": "medium_feeder", "heavy_feeder": false, "medium_feeder": true, "light_feeder": false, "nitrogen_need": "medium", "phosphorus_need": "medium", "potassium_need": "high", "calcium_need": "medium", "magnesium_need": "low", "compost_recommended": true, "mulching_recommended": true, "fertilizer_sensitivity": "medium", "nutrition_notes": { "de": "Keinen frischen Stallmist verwenden (fördert Wurzelfäule und Möhrenfliege).", "en": "Avoid fresh manure (encourages root rot and carrot fly)." } }, "container": { "container_suitable": true, "min_pot_volume_l": 15, "recommended_pot_volume_l": 25, "min_pot_depth_cm": 40, "min_pot_diameter_cm": 30, "plants_per_container_min": 3, "plants_per_container_max": 5, "drainage_required": true, "repotting_needed": false, "container_notes": { "de": "Tiefe Gefäße sind aufgrund der langen Pfahlwurzel zwingend erforderlich.", "en": "Deep containers are essential due to the long taproot." } }, "support": { "needs_support": false, "support_recommended": false, "climbing": false, "vining": false, "trellis_recommended": false, "training_required": false, "support_notes": { "de": "Keine Unterstützung im ersten Jahr nötig.", "en": "No support needed in the first year." } }, "cultivation_modes": { "outdoor_bed_suitable": true, "raised_bed_suitable": true, "container_suitable": true, "balcony_suitable": false, "greenhouse_suitable": false, "polytunnel_suitable": false, "indoor_suitable": false, "windowsill_suitable": false, "hydroponic_possible": false, "permaculture_suitable": true, "no_dig_suitable": true }, "yield_density": { "yield_per_plant_min": 150, "yield_per_plant_max": 400, "yield_unit": "g", "yield_per_sqm_min": 3, "yield_per_sqm_max": 5, "yield_reliability": "high", "yield_notes": { "de": "Ertrag ist stark abhängig von der Bodentiefe und -lockerung.", "en": "Yield is highly dependent on soil depth and looseness." } } }, "site": { "exposure": "sunny to partially shaded", "wind_sensitivity": "low", "localized_description": { "de": "Sonnige Lage bevorzugt für beste Wurzelentwicklung.", "en": "Sunny location preferred for best root development." } }, "soil": { "type": "sandy loam", "ph_min": 6.0, "ph_max": 7.5, "drainage": "good", "localized_description": { "de": "Tiefgründiger, lockerer Boden ohne Steine, um Beinigkeit zu vermeiden.", "en": "Deep, loose soil without stones to avoid forking." } }, "watering": { "frequency": "regular", "localized_description": { "de": "Besonders während der Wurzelverdickung im Spätsommer auf Wassermangel achten.", "en": "Watch for water deficiency especially during root thickening in late summer." } }, "nutrition": { "strategy": "moderate organic fertilization", "localized_description": { "de": "Gereifter Kompost vor der Aussaat einarbeiten; Kaliumbetonung fördert die Lagerfähigkeit.", "en": "Incorporate well-rotted compost before sowing; emphasis on potassium promotes storage quality." } }, "cultivation_planning": { "succession_sowing": { "possible": true, "interval_days_min": 14, "interval_days_max": 30 }, "bed_planning_notes": { "de": "Gute Nachbarn: Zwiebeln, Lauch, Salat. Schlechte Nachbarn: Andere Doldenblütler (Möhren, Sellerie).", "en": "Good neighbors: Onions, leeks, lettuce. Poor neighbors: Other Apiaceae (carrots, celery)." }, "rotation_priority": "high", "interplanting_potential": "medium", "mechanization_relevance": "medium" }, "crop_rotation": { "rotation_break_years": 4, "preceding_crops": { "de": [ "Kartoffeln", "Hülsenfrüchte", "Kohl" ], "en": [ "Potatoes", "Legumes", "Cabbage" ] }, "succeeding_crops": { "de": [ "Salat", "Spinat", "Zwiebeln" ], "en": [ "Lettuce", "Spinach", "Onions" ] }, "notes": { "de": "Nicht nach anderen Doldenblütlern anbauen, um Bodenmüdigkeit und Schädlinge zu vermeiden.", "en": "Do not grow after other Apiaceae to avoid soil fatigue and pests." } }, "companion_planting": { "approach": "mixed_cropping", "good_neighbors": [ { "slug": "allium-cepa", "name": { "de": "Zwiebel", "en": "Onion" }, "reason": { "de": "Zwiebeln helfen, die Möhrenfliege fernzuhalten.", "en": "Onions help deter carrot fly." }, "relationship_type": "beneficial" }, { "slug": "lactuca-sativa", "name": { "de": "Salat", "en": "Lettuce" }, "reason": { "de": "Salat beschattet den Boden, während die Pastinaken langsam wachsen.", "en": "Lettuce shades the soil while parsnips grow slowly." }, "relationship_type": "beneficial" } ], "bad_neighbors": [ { "slug": "daucus-carota", "name": { "de": "Möhre", "en": "Carrot" }, "reason": { "de": "Gleiche Schädlings- und Krankheitsanfälligkeit (Möhrenfliege).", "en": "Same susceptibility to pests and diseases (carrot fly)." }, "relationship_type": "antagonistic" }, { "slug": "apium-graveolens", "name": { "de": "Sellerie", "en": "Celery" }, "reason": { "de": "Konkurrenz um Nährstoffe und gemeinsame Krankheiten.", "en": "Competition for nutrients and shared diseases." }, "relationship_type": "antagonistic" } ], "companion_scores": [ { "target_slug": "allium-porrum", "score": 4, "reasons": [ "beneficial_pest_repellent" ] } ], "design_rules": { "de": [ "In Reihen abwechselnd mit Zwiebelgewächsen säen.", "Markiersaat wie Radieschen verwenden." ], "en": [ "Sow in rows alternating with Alliums.", "Use marker crops like radishes." ] }, "notes": { "de": "Pastinaken profitieren von Nachbarn, die den Boden frühzeitig bedecken.", "en": "Parsnips benefit from neighbors that provide early ground cover." } }, "deficiencies": { "boron": { "name": { "de": "Bormangel", "en": "Boron Deficiency" }, "symptoms": { "de": "Herz- und Trockenfäule, rissige Wurzeln.", "en": "Heart rot and dry rot, cracked roots." } } }, "problems": { "forking": { "name": { "de": "Beinigkeit", "en": "Forking" }, "cause": { "de": "Steinigem Boden oder frischem Mist.", "en": "Stony soil or fresh manure." } }, "phytophotodermatitis": { "name": { "de": "Wiesendermatitis", "en": "Phytophotodermatitis" }, "description": { "de": "Hautirritationen durch Pflanzensaft bei Sonnenlicht.", "en": "Skin irritation from sap in contact with sunlight." } } }, "problem_management": { "common_pest_groups": { "de": [ "Wurzelfliegen", "Blattläuse", "Wühlmäuse" ], "en": [ "Root flies", "Aphids", "Voles" ] }, "common_disease_groups": { "de": [ "Wurzelfäulen", "Echter Mehltau" ], "en": [ "Root rots", "Powdery mildew" ] }, "prevention_principles": { "de": [ "Fruchtfolge von 4 Jahren einhalten.", "Boden tiefgründig und steinfrei vorbereiten.", "Kulturschutznetze gegen Möhrenfliegen einsetzen.", "Keinen frischen Mist düngen." ], "en": [ "Maintain 4-year crop rotation.", "Prepare soil deeply and stone-free.", "Use insect netting against carrot flies.", "Do not apply fresh manure." ] }, "diagnosis_notes": { "de": "Wurzelschäden werden oft erst bei der Ernte sichtbar; regelmäßige Kontrolle des Laubs auf Verfärbungen ist wichtig.", "en": "Root damage often only becomes visible at harvest; regular foliage checks for discoloration are important." } }, "disease_graph": { "scope": "Pastinaca sativa", "profiles": [ { "slug": "parsnip-canker", "severity": "high", "conditions": { "de": [ "Zu hohe Bodenfeuchtigkeit", "Staunässe", "Verletzungen der Wurzel" ], "en": [ "Excessive soil moisture", "Waterlogging", "Root injuries" ] }, "affected_parts": { "de": [ "Wurzelschulter", "Wurzelkörper" ], "en": [ "Root shoulder", "Root body" ] }, "prevention": { "de": [ "Gute Drainage sicherstellen", "Anbau auf Dämmen" ], "en": [ "Ensure good drainage", "Grow on ridges" ] }, "organic_control": { "de": [ "Betroffene Pflanzen sofort entfernen", "Fruchtfolge strikt einhalten" ], "en": [ "Remove affected plants immediately", "Strictly follow crop rotation" ] } } ], "diagnostic_rules": [ { "symptom": { "de": "Wurzel teilt sich in mehrere kleine Wurzeln auf", "en": "Root splits into several smaller roots" }, "possible_causes": [ "forking", "stony_soil", "fresh_manure" ], "first_checks": { "de": [ "Bodenstruktur prüfen", "Düngungshistorie kontrollieren" ], "en": [ "Check soil structure", "Review fertilization history" ] } } ], "prevention_strategy": { "cultural": { "de": [ "Dammkultur in schweren Böden", "Tiefes Lockern vor der Aussaat" ], "en": [ "Ridge cultivation in heavy soils", "Deep loosening before sowing" ] }, "monitoring": { "de": [ "Ab Mai auf Anzeichen der Möhrenfliege achten", "Wachstum des Herzblattes prüfen" ], "en": [ "Watch for carrot fly signs from May", "Check growth of heart leaves" ] }, "organic_first_response": { "de": [ "Kulturschutznetze", "Gesteinsmehl zur Stärkung" ], "en": [ "Insect netting", "Rock dust for strengthening" ] }, "notes": { "de": "Frühzeitige Prävention ist bei Wurzelgemüse entscheidend.", "en": "Early prevention is crucial for root vegetables." } } }, "diagnosis": { "key_indicators": { "de": [ "Blattverfärbungen", "Wachstumsstockungen", "Sichtbarer Fraß an der Wurzelschulter" ], "en": [ "Leaf discoloration", "Stunted growth", "Visible feeding at the root shoulder" ] } }, "phenology": { "stages": { "de": [ "Keimung und Rosettenbildung", "Wurzelverdickung und Hauptwachstum", "Winterruhe (Akkumulation von Zucker)", "Schossen und Blütenstandbildung (im zweiten Jahr)", "Samenreife und Absterben" ], "en": [ "Germination and rosette formation", "Root thickening and main growth", "Dormancy (sugar accumulation)", "Bolting and inflorescence (in the second year)", "Seed maturation and senescence" ] }, "notes": { "de": "Zweijährige Pflanze; im ersten Jahr erfolgt die vegetative Entwicklung der Speicherwurzel, im zweiten Jahr die generative Phase.", "en": "Biennial plant; vegetative development of the storage root occurs in the first year, followed by the generative phase in the second year." } }, "flowering_pollination": { "flowering_period": { "de": "Juni bis August (im zweiten Jahr)", "en": "June to August (in the second year)" }, "flower_color": { "de": "Gelb", "en": "Yellow" }, "inflorescence_type": { "de": "Doppeldolde", "en": "Compound umbel" } }, "pollination": { "summary": { "de": "Die Bestäubung erfolgt hauptsächlich durch Insekten wie Schwebfliegen, Käfer und Bienen.", "en": "Pollination is primarily carried out by insects such as hoverflies, beetles, and bees." }, "pollinator_required": true, "self_fertility": "partially_self_fertile", "pollinator_notes": { "de": "Protandrische Blüten (Vormännlichkeit) fördern die Fremdbestäubung.", "en": "Protandrous flowers (pollen matures before stigma is receptive) promote cross-pollination." } }, "harvest": { "harvest_window": { "de": "Oktober bis Februar", "en": "October to February" }, "optimal_time": { "de": "Nach den ersten Frösten für beste Süße.", "en": "After the first frosts for peak sweetness." } }, "harvest_details": { "harvest_frequency": { "de": "Einmalige Ernte pro Pflanze.", "en": "Single harvest per plant." }, "harvest_indicators": { "de": [ "Absterben des Laubes im Herbst", "Gewünschte Wurzelgröße erreicht", "Bodenfrost hat eingesetzt (für Aroma)" ], "en": [ "Foliage begins to die back in autumn", "Root reaches desired size", "Ground frost has occurred (for flavor)" ] }, "post_harvest_handling": { "de": "Laub direkt nach der Ernte abdrehen, Erde grob entfernen, nicht waschen bei längerer Lagerung.", "en": "Twist off foliage immediately after harvest, remove loose soil, do not wash if intended for long-term storage." } }, "storage": { "storage_methods": { "de": [ "Erdmiete", "Einschlagen in feuchten Sand", "Im Boden belassen (mit Mulchschutz)" ], "en": [ "Clamp storage", "Stowing in damp sand", "Leaving in the ground (with mulch protection)" ] }, "ideal_conditions": { "de": "0°C bis 1°C bei 95% Luftfeuchtigkeit.", "en": "0°C to 1°C at 95% relative humidity." } }, "storage_details": { "general_storage_category": { "de": "Wurzelgemüse (langzeitlagerfähig)", "en": "Root vegetable (long-term storage)" }, "storage_life": { "de": "2 bis 6 Monate bei optimalen Bedingungen.", "en": "2 to 6 months under optimal conditions." }, "processing_options": { "de": [ "Einfrieren (blanchiert)", "Trocknen (als Suppengrün)", "Einlegen" ], "en": [ "Freezing (blanched)", "Drying (as soup greens)", "Pickling" ] } }, "processing_use": { "culinary_preparation": { "de": "Schälen oder gründlich bürsten; Kochen, Rösten, Frittieren oder Pürieren.", "en": "Peel or scrub thoroughly; boil, roast, fry, or mash." }, "flavor_profile": { "de": "Nussig, süßlich, aromatisch; intensiver als Möhren.", "en": "Nutty, sweet, aromatic; more intense than carrots." } }, "kitchen_usage": { "dishes": { "de": [ "Pastinakenpüree", "Ofengemüse", "Eintöpfe und Suppen", "Pastinaken-Chips" ], "en": [ "Parsnip mash", "Roasted vegetables", "Stews and soups", "Parsnip crisps" ] }, "raw_usage": { "de": "Fein gerieben in Salaten möglich.", "en": "Possible in salads when finely grated." } }, "safety_and_edibility": { "edible_parts": { "de": [ "Wurzel", "Junge Blätter (als Gewürz)" ], "en": [ "Root", "Young leaves (as seasoning)" ] }, "inedible_or_caution_parts": { "de": [ "Älteres Laub", "Blütenstängel im zweiten Jahr (verholzt)" ], "en": [ "Older foliage", "Flower stalks in the second year (woody)" ] }, "toxicity_notes": { "de": "Enthält Furocumarine; der Kontakt mit dem Laub kann bei Sonnenlicht Hautreizungen (Photodermatitis) verursachen.", "en": "Contains furanocoumarins; contact with foliage can cause skin irritation (photodermatitis) in sunlight." }, "raw_consumption": { "de": "Sicher; Wurzel kann roh gegessen werden, ist aber gegart bekömmlicher.", "en": "Safe; root can be eaten raw, but is more digestible when cooked." } }, "seed_saving": { "method": { "de": "Die besten Wurzeln überwintern und im zweiten Jahr blühen lassen.", "en": "Overwinter the best roots and allow them to flower in the second year." }, "isolation_distance_m": 500, "seed_viability_years": 1 }, "seed_saving_advanced": { "hybridization_risk": { "de": "Verkreuzung mit wilder Pastinake möglich.", "en": "Risk of cross-breeding with wild parsnips." }, "selection_criteria": { "de": "Wurzelform, Farbe, Schossresistenz im ersten Jahr.", "en": "Root shape, color, resistance to bolting in the first year." } }, "varieties": [ { "slug": "tender-and-true", "name": "Tender and True", "description": { "de": "Bewährte Sorte mit glatter Schale und sehr gutem Geschmack.", "en": "Classic variety with smooth skin and excellent flavor." } }, { "slug": "hollow-crown", "name": "Hollow Crown", "description": { "de": "Alte Sorte mit langen, kräftigen Wurzeln.", "en": "Heirloom variety producing long, heavy roots." } }, { "slug": "gladiator-f1", "name": "Gladiator F1", "description": { "de": "Robuste Hybride, besonders widerstandsfähig gegen Wurzelfäule.", "en": "Robust hybrid with high resistance to canker." } } ], "woody_crop_details": { "notes": { "de": "Die Pastinake ist eine krautige, zweijährige Gemüsepflanze; holzige Strukturen bilden sich nur im zweiten Jahr am Samentrieb, der jedoch nicht für die Ernte relevant ist.", "en": "Parsnip is a herbaceous biennial; woody structures only develop in the second year on the seed stalk, which is not relevant for vegetable production." } }, "pruning_logic": { "scope": "vegetative_maintenance", "remove": { "de": [ "Abgestorbene Blätter im Spätherbst", "Blütenstiele im ersten Jahr (Schosser)" ], "en": [ "Dead leaves in late autumn", "Flower stalks in the first year (bolters)" ] }, "preserve": { "de": [ "Herzblätter für das fortlaufende Wachstum", "Wurzelschulter beim Hacken" ], "en": [ "Heart leaves for continuous growth", "Root shoulder during hoeing" ] }, "avoid": { "de": [ "Beschädigung der Pfahlwurzel", "Hautkontakt mit dem Laub bei praller Sonne" ], "en": [ "Damaging the taproot", "Skin contact with foliage in direct sunlight" ] }, "timing_rules": [ { "season": "summer", "months": [ 6, 7, 8 ], "purpose": { "de": "Entfernen von Schossern", "en": "Removing bolters" }, "notes": { "de": "Frühzeitig blühende Pflanzen sofort entfernen, da die Wurzel sonst verholzt.", "en": "Remove early flowering plants immediately to prevent the root from becoming woody." } } ], "cut_location_rules": { "de": [ "Blätter knapp über der Wurzelschulter abdrehen oder schneiden." ], "en": [ "Twist or cut leaves just above the root shoulder." ] }, "intensity_rules": { "thinning_required": true, "thinning_description": { "de": "Sämlinge auf 10-15 cm Abstand vereinzeln.", "en": "Thin seedlings to a distance of 10-15 cm." } }, "decision_tree": [ { "condition": "plant_bolting", "action": { "de": "Pflanze komplett entfernen, Wurzel ist meist ungenießbar.", "en": "Remove entire plant; root is usually inedible." } } ], "tool_hygiene": { "de": "Saubere Messer verwenden, um Fäulniserreger an der Wurzelschulter zu vermeiden.", "en": "Use clean knives to prevent pathogens from entering the root shoulder." }, "diagram_requirements": { "de": [ "Darstellung der korrekten Erntetechnik mit der Grabegabel", "Illustration des Ausdünnungsprozesses" ], "en": [ "Diagram of correct harvesting technique using a digging fork", "Illustration of the thinning process" ] }, "notes": { "de": "Kein klassischer Rückschnitt erforderlich, da die Pflanze als einjährige Kultur geerntet wird.", "en": "No classic pruning required as the crop is harvested as an annual." } }, "ecology": { "pollinator_value": "high", "wildlife_value": "medium", "biodiversity_notes": { "de": "Im zweiten Jahr bieten die großen Doldenblüten reichlich Nektar für Schwebfliegen und solitäre Wespen.", "en": "In the second year, the large umbels provide abundant nectar for hoverflies and solitary wasps." } }, "practical_notes": [ { "topic": "germination", "text": { "de": "Pastinaken-Saatgut ist nur kurzzeitig keimfähig; verwenden Sie immer frisches Saatgut aus dem Vorjahr.", "en": "Parsnip seeds remain viable for a short time; always use fresh seeds from the previous year." } } ], "seasonal_content": { "spring": { "de": "Zeit für die Aussaat und Bodenvorbereitung.", "en": "Time for sowing and soil preparation." }, "winter": { "de": "Haupterntezeit; Frost verbessert den Geschmack.", "en": "Main harvest season; frost improves the flavor." } }, "slug": "pastinake", "sources": [ { "title": "Wikidata entity", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188614", "publisher": "Wikidata", "date_accessed": "2026-05-14" }, { "title": "GBIF species match", "url": "https://api.gbif.org/v1/species/match?name=Pastinaca%20sativa&kingdom=Plantae", "publisher": "GBIF", "date_accessed": "2026-05-14" }, { "title": "Deutschsprachige Wikipedia: Pastinak", "url": "https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pastinak", "publisher": "Wikipedia", "date_accessed": "2026-05-14" }, { "title": "English Wikipedia: Parsnip", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parsnip", "publisher": "Wikipedia", "date_accessed": "2026-05-14" } ] }