{
  "names": {
    "common": {
      "de": "Pak Choi",
      "en": "Bok choy"
    },
    "plural": {
      "de": "Pak Choi",
      "en": "Bok choys"
    },
    "botanical": "Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis",
    "botanical_author": "(L.) Hanelt",
    "scientific_synonyms": [
      "Brassica chinensis L.",
      "Brassica campestris subsp. chinensis (L.) Makino",
      "Brassica rapa var. chinensis (L.) Kitam."
    ],
    "synonyms": {
      "de": [
        "Chinesischer Senfkohl",
        "Chinesischer Blätterkohl",
        "Pak Choy",
        "Pok Choi",
        "Paksoi"
      ],
      "en": [
        "Pak choi",
        "Pok choi",
        "Chinese chard",
        "Chinese mustard",
        "Shanghai Green"
      ]
    },
    "common_synonyms": {
      "de": [
        "Senfkohl",
        "Blätterkohl"
      ],
      "en": [
        "White cabbage",
        "Soup spoon cabbage"
      ]
    },
    "trade_names": [
      "Shanghai Pak Choi",
      "Baby Pak Choi"
    ],
    "market_names": {
      "de": [
        "Mini-Pak-Choi"
      ],
      "en": [
        "Baby Bok Choy"
      ]
    },
    "misspellings": {
      "de": [
        "Pack Choi",
        "Packchoy"
      ],
      "en": [
        "Bok choi",
        "Pak choy"
      ]
    },
    "international_names": {
      "fr": [
        "Chou de Chine",
        "Bok choy"
      ],
      "es": [
        "Col china",
        "Bok choy"
      ],
      "it": [
        "Cavolo cinese"
      ],
      "nl": [
        "Paksoi"
      ]
    },
    "ambiguous_names": [
      {
        "name": "Chinese cabbage",
        "language": "en",
        "shared_with": [
          "Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis"
        ],
        "clarification": {
          "de": "Pak Choi bildet lockere Blattschöpfe, im Gegensatz zum festen Kopf des Chinakohls.",
          "en": "Pak choi forms loose clusters of stalks, unlike the tightly headed Napa cabbage."
        }
      }
    ],
    "search_terms": {
      "de": [
        "Pak Choi",
        "Senfkohl",
        "asiatisches Gemüse"
      ],
      "en": [
        "Bok choy",
        "Pak choi",
        "Chinese greens"
      ]
    }
  },
  "taxonomy": {
    "kingdom": "Plantae",
    "clades": [
      "Tracheophyta",
      "Angiospermae",
      "Eudicotyledoneae",
      "Rosidae"
    ],
    "order": "Brassicales",
    "family_botanical": "Brassicaceae",
    "family": {
      "de": "Kreuzblütler",
      "en": "Cabbage family"
    },
    "family_id": "brassicaceae",
    "subfamily": "Brassicoideae",
    "tribe": "Brassiceae",
    "genus": "Brassica",
    "species": "Brassica rapa",
    "subspecies": "Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis",
    "cultivar_group": "Chinensis Group",
    "hybrid_status": "not_hybrid",
    "related_crops": [
      "Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis",
      "Brassica rapa subsp. rapa",
      "Brassica oleracea"
    ]
  },
  "classification": {
    "main_group": "Vegetables",
    "sub_group": "Leafy Vegetables",
    "crop_group": "Brassicas",
    "life_cycle": "Annual",
    "perennial": false,
    "woody": false,
    "tree": false,
    "shrub": false,
    "edible_parts": {
      "de": [
        "Blätter",
        "Blattstiele"
      ],
      "en": [
        "Leaves",
        "Stems"
      ]
    },
    "nutrient_group": "Heavy feeder"
  },
  "calendar": {
    "sowing_indoor": {
      "months": [
        2,
        3,
        4,
        7,
        8
      ],
      "earliest_month": 2,
      "latest_month": 8,
      "notes": {
        "de": "Vorkultur für frühe Ernten im Gewächshaus oder späte Sätze im Freiland.",
        "en": "Pre-culture for early greenhouse harvests or late outdoor successions."
      }
    },
    "sowing_outdoor": {
      "months": [
        4,
        5,
        6,
        7,
        8
      ],
      "earliest_month": 4,
      "latest_month": 8,
      "notes": {
        "de": "Direktsaat ab April unter Vlies, Hauptsaatzeit für Herbsternte ist Juli bis August.",
        "en": "Direct sowing from April under fleece; main sowing window for autumn harvest is July to August."
      }
    },
    "planting_out": {
      "months": [
        4,
        5,
        8,
        9
      ],
      "earliest_month": 4,
      "latest_month": 9,
      "notes": {
        "de": "Auspflanzen der Vorkulturen mit ausreichendem Abstand.",
        "en": "Transplanting pre-cultures with sufficient spacing."
      }
    },
    "harvest": {
      "months": [
        5,
        6,
        7,
        9,
        10,
        11
      ],
      "earliest_month": 5,
      "latest_month": 11,
      "notes": {
        "de": "Ernte je nach Sorte nach 6–10 Wochen; Baby-Pak-Choi früher.",
        "en": "Harvest after 6–10 weeks depending on variety; baby bok choy earlier."
      }
    },
    "month_tasks": {
      "2": [
        {
          "de": "Aussaat für die erste Gewächshauskultur vorbereiten.",
          "en": "Prepare sowing for the first greenhouse culture."
        }
      ],
      "3": [
        {
          "de": "Vorkultur im Haus oder warmen Gewächshaus starten.",
          "en": "Start pre-culture indoors or in a warm greenhouse."
        }
      ],
      "4": [
        {
          "de": "Frühe Sätze ins Freiland pflanzen und mit Vlies schützen.",
          "en": "Plant early batches outdoors and protect with fleece."
        }
      ],
      "5": [
        {
          "de": "Regelmäßig wässern, um Schießen (Vorblühen) zu verhindern.",
          "en": "Water regularly to prevent bolting."
        }
      ],
      "6": [
        {
          "de": "Erste Frühjahrsernten einfahren; auf Erdflöhe kontrollieren.",
          "en": "Harvest first spring crops; monitor for flea beetles."
        }
      ],
      "7": [
        {
          "de": "Hauptaussaat für die Herbsternte beginnen.",
          "en": "Begin main sowing for autumn harvest."
        }
      ],
      "8": [
        {
          "de": "Jungpflanzen ausdünnen oder verpflanzen.",
          "en": "Thin out or transplant young seedlings."
        }
      ],
      "9": [
        {
          "de": "Auf ausreichende Nährstoffversorgung im Herbst achten.",
          "en": "Ensure adequate nutrient supply during autumn growth."
        }
      ],
      "10": [
        {
          "de": "Haupternte der Herbstkulturen.",
          "en": "Main harvest of autumn crops."
        }
      ],
      "11": [
        {
          "de": "Letzte Bestände vor starkem Frost ernten.",
          "en": "Harvest final stocks before heavy frost."
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  "book_content": {
    "overview": {
      "de": "Pak Choi ist das ideale Gemüse für ungeduldige Gärtner und Liebhaber der asiatischen Küche. Dieser enge Verwandte des Chinakohls bildet keine festen Köpfe, sondern lockere Rosetten mit fleischigen, weißen oder grünen Stielen. Aufgrund seiner extrem kurzen Kulturdauer von oft nur sechs bis acht Wochen eignet er sich hervorragend als Vor-, Nach- oder Zwischenkultur. Besonders im Spätsommer, wenn die Tage kürzer werden, läuft er zur Hochform auf, da dann die Gefahr des vorzeitigen Schossens deutlich sinkt.",
      "en": "Bok choy is the ideal vegetable for impatient gardeners and fans of Asian cuisine. This close relative of Napa cabbage does not form tight heads, but rather loose rosettes with fleshy white or green stalks. Due to its extremely short cultivation period of often only six to eight weeks, it is excellent as a preceding, succeeding, or catch crop. It performs best in late summer when days shorten, as the risk of premature bolting decreases significantly."
    }
  },
  "structured_month_tasks": {
    "3": [
      {
        "task": "sowing",
        "label": {
          "de": "Vorkultur starten",
          "en": "Start pre-culture"
        },
        "priority": "medium",
        "months": [
          3,
          4
        ],
        "estimated_effort": "low",
        "notes": {
          "de": "In Anzuchtschalen bei ca. 18-20°C.",
          "en": "In seed trays at approx. 18-20°C."
        }
      }
    ],
    "7": [
      {
        "task": "sowing",
        "label": {
          "de": "Herbstaussaat",
          "en": "Autumn sowing"
        },
        "priority": "high",
        "months": [
          7,
          8
        ],
        "estimated_effort": "low",
        "notes": {
          "de": "Beste Zeit für Pak Choi, da die Schossgefahr bei kürzer werdenden Tagen sinkt.",
          "en": "Best time for bok choy as bolting risk decreases with shortening days."
        }
      }
    ]
  },
  "cultivation_specs": {
    "seed": {
      "seed_depth_cm_min": 1,
      "seed_depth_cm_max": 2,
      "light_germinator": false,
      "dark_germinator": true,
      "cold_germinator": false,
      "stratification_needed": false,
      "pre_soaking_recommended": false,
      "germination_temp_c_min": 12,
      "germination_temp_c_max": 25,
      "germination_days_min": 5,
      "germination_days_max": 12,
      "seed_lifespan_years_min": 3,
      "seed_lifespan_years_max": 5,
      "direct_sowing_possible": true,
      "pre_culture_recommended": true
    },
    "spacing": {
      "plant_spacing_cm_min": 20,
      "plant_spacing_cm_max": 30,
      "row_spacing_cm_min": 25,
      "row_spacing_cm_max": 35,
      "recommended_density_per_sqm_min": 10,
      "recommended_density_per_sqm_max": 16,
      "thinning_distance_cm": 20,
      "min_bed_width_cm": 60,
      "square_foot_gardening_spacing": "4-9 per square foot",
      "spacing_notes": {
        "de": "Engere Abstände für Baby-Pak-Choi möglich.",
        "en": "Tighter spacing possible for baby bok choy."
      }
    },
    "growth_dimensions": {
      "height_cm_min": 15,
      "height_cm_max": 40,
      "width_cm_min": 15,
      "width_cm_max": 30,
      "root_depth_cm_min": 15,
      "root_depth_cm_max": 25,
      "root_spread_cm_min": 10,
      "root_spread_cm_max": 20,
      "growth_speed": "fast",
      "final_size_notes": {
        "de": "Kompakter Wuchs, bildet keine geschlossenen Köpfe.",
        "en": "Compact growth, does not form tight heads."
      }
    },
    "temperature": {
      "min_growing_temp_c": 10,
      "optimal_temp_c_min": 18,
      "optimal_temp_c_max": 22,
      "max_heat_tolerance_c": 30,
      "soil_temp_for_sowing_c_min": 12,
      "soil_temp_for_sowing_c_optimal": 18,
      "frost_sensitive": true,
      "late_frost_sensitive": true,
      "heat_tolerance": "medium",
      "cold_tolerance": "medium",
      "temperature_notes": {
        "de": "Temperaturen unter 10°C können bei Jungpflanzen Schossen auslösen.",
        "en": "Temperatures below 10°C can trigger bolting in young plants."
      }
    },
    "water": {
      "water_need": "high",
      "critical_water_phases": {
        "de": [
          "Anwachsphase",
          "Hauptwachstumsphase"
        ],
        "en": [
          "Establishment phase",
          "Main growth phase"
        ]
      },
      "drought_tolerant": false,
      "drought_sensitivity": "high",
      "waterlogging_sensitive": true,
      "mulching_recommended": true,
      "water_notes": {
        "de": "Gleichmäßige Feuchtigkeit ist essenziell für zarte Blätter.",
        "en": "Consistent moisture is essential for tender leaves."
      }
    },
    "nutrition": {
      "nutrient_group": "heavy_feeder",
      "heavy_feeder": true,
      "medium_feeder": false,
      "light_feeder": false,
      "nitrogen_need": "high",
      "phosphorus_need": "medium",
      "potassium_need": "high",
      "calcium_need": "medium",
      "magnesium_need": "medium",
      "compost_recommended": true,
      "mulching_recommended": true,
      "fertilizer_sensitivity": "medium",
      "nutrition_notes": {
        "de": "Stickstoffbetonte Düngung fördert das Blattwachstum.",
        "en": "Nitrogen-rich fertilization promotes leaf growth."
      }
    },
    "container": {
      "container_suitable": true,
      "min_pot_volume_l": 3,
      "recommended_pot_volume_l": 5,
      "min_pot_depth_cm": 20,
      "min_pot_diameter_cm": 20,
      "plants_per_container_min": 1,
      "plants_per_container_max": 3,
      "drainage_required": true,
      "repotting_needed": false,
      "container_notes": {
        "de": "Ideal für Balkonkästen und Töpfe aufgrund der kurzen Kulturzeit.",
        "en": "Ideal for balcony boxes and pots due to short cultivation time."
      }
    },
    "support": {
      "needs_support": false,
      "support_recommended": false,
      "climbing": false,
      "vining": false,
      "trellis_recommended": false,
      "training_required": false,
      "support_notes": {
        "de": "Keine Stützhilfe erforderlich.",
        "en": "No support required."
      }
    },
    "cultivation_modes": {
      "outdoor_bed_suitable": true,
      "raised_bed_suitable": true,
      "container_suitable": true,
      "balcony_suitable": true,
      "greenhouse_suitable": true,
      "polytunnel_suitable": true,
      "indoor_suitable": false,
      "windowsill_suitable": true,
      "hydroponic_possible": true,
      "permaculture_suitable": true,
      "no_dig_suitable": true
    },
    "yield_density": {
      "yield_per_plant_min": 150,
      "yield_per_plant_max": 500,
      "yield_unit": "g",
      "yield_per_sqm_min": 2,
      "yield_per_sqm_max": 4,
      "yield_reliability": "high",
      "yield_notes": {
        "de": "Ertrag variiert stark zwischen Baby-Sorten und großen Typen.",
        "en": "Yield varies significantly between baby varieties and large types."
      }
    }
  },
  "site": {
    "exposure": {
      "de": "Sonnig bis halbschattig",
      "en": "Full sun to partial shade"
    },
    "wind_protection": {
      "de": "Geschützte Lage von Vorteil",
      "en": "Sheltered location beneficial"
    },
    "notes": {
      "de": "Im Sommer ist Halbschatten besser, um Schossen zu vermeiden.",
      "en": "Partial shade is better in summer to prevent bolting."
    }
  },
  "soil": {
    "type": {
      "de": "Humos, tiefgründig, locker",
      "en": "Humus-rich, deep, loose"
    },
    "ph_range": [
      6.5,
      7.2
    ],
    "notes": {
      "de": "Kalkhaltiger Boden wird bevorzugt; Staunässe unbedingt vermeiden.",
      "en": "Calcareous soil preferred; strictly avoid waterlogging."
    }
  },
  "watering": {
    "frequency": {
      "de": "Regelmäßig, Boden nie ganz austrocknen lassen",
      "en": "Regularly, never let the soil dry out completely"
    },
    "volume": {
      "de": "Mittel bis hoch",
      "en": "Medium to high"
    }
  },
  "nutrition": {
    "fertilization_strategy": {
      "de": "Grunddüngung mit Kompost vor der Pflanzung",
      "en": "Base fertilization with compost before planting"
    },
    "organic_options": {
      "de": [
        "Hornmehl",
        "Brennnesseljauche",
        "Kompost"
      ],
      "en": [
        "Horn meal",
        "Nettle water",
        "Compost"
      ]
    }
  },
  "cultivation_planning": {
    "succession_sowing": {
      "possible": true,
      "interval_days_min": 14,
      "interval_days_max": 21
    },
    "bed_planning_notes": {
      "de": "Gute Vorfrucht für späte Kulturen; passt gut in kleine Lücken.",
      "en": "Good preceding crop for late cultures; fits well in small gaps."
    },
    "rotation_priority": "high",
    "interplanting_potential": "high",
    "mechanization_relevance": "low"
  },
  "crop_rotation": {
    "rotation_pause_years": 3,
    "preceding_crops": {
      "de": [
        "Erbsen",
        "Bohnen",
        "Frühe Kartoffeln"
      ],
      "en": [
        "Peas",
        "Beans",
        "Early potatoes"
      ]
    },
    "following_crops": {
      "de": [
        "Salate",
        "Spinat",
        "Radieschen"
      ],
      "en": [
        "Lettuce",
        "Spinach",
        "Radishes"
      ]
    },
    "notes": {
      "de": "Wegen Kohlhernie-Gefahr mindestens 3 Jahre Anbaupause zu anderen Kreuzblütlern einhalten.",
      "en": "Maintain a minimum 3-year break from other brassicas to prevent clubroot."
    }
  },
  "companion_planting": {
    "approach": "mixed_cropping",
    "good_neighbors": [
      {
        "slug": "tomaten",
        "name": {
          "de": "Tomaten",
          "en": "Tomatoes"
        },
        "reason": {
          "de": "Der starke Duft der Tomaten kann Schädlinge wie den Kohlweißling verwirren.",
          "en": "The strong scent of tomatoes can confuse pests like the cabbage white butterfly."
        }
      },
      {
        "slug": "salat",
        "name": {
          "de": "Salat",
          "en": "Lettuce"
        },
        "reason": {
          "de": "Schnell wachsende Nachbarn, die den Boden beschatten.",
          "en": "Fast-growing neighbors that provide soil shade."
        }
      }
    ],
    "bad_neighbors": [
      {
        "slug": "andere-kohlarten",
        "name": {
          "de": "Andere Kohlarten",
          "en": "Other Brassicas"
        },
        "reason": {
          "de": "Gleiche Nährstoffansprüche und Anfälligkeit für dieselben Schädlinge.",
          "en": "Shared nutrient requirements and susceptibility to the same pests."
        }
      },
      {
        "slug": "erdbeeren",
        "name": {
          "de": "Erdbeeren",
          "en": "Strawberries"
        },
        "reason": {
          "de": "Wachstumshemmung bei gegenseitiger Pflanzung möglich.",
          "en": "Possible growth inhibition when planted together."
        }
      }
    ],
    "neutral_neighbors": [
      {
        "slug": "kraeuter",
        "name": {
          "de": "Kräuter",
          "en": "Herbs"
        }
      }
    ],
    "companion_scores": [
      {
        "target_slug": "beans",
        "score": 4,
        "reasons": [
          "Nitrogen fixation"
        ]
      }
    ],
    "design_rules": {
      "de": [
        "In Sätzen pflanzen für kontinuierliche Ernte",
        "Unterpflanzung von Tomaten im Spätsommer"
      ],
      "en": [
        "Plant in successions for continuous harvest",
        "Underplanting of tomatoes in late summer"
      ]
    },
    "notes": {
      "de": "Pak Choi profitiert von Nachbarn, die Feuchtigkeit im Boden halten.",
      "en": "Bok choy benefits from neighbors that help retain soil moisture."
    }
  },
  "deficiencies": [
    {
      "slug": "stickstoffmangel",
      "name": {
        "de": "Stickstoffmangel",
        "en": "Nitrogen deficiency"
      },
      "symptoms": {
        "de": "Hellgrüne bis gelbliche Blätter, kümmerlicher Wuchs.",
        "en": "Pale green to yellowish leaves, stunted growth."
      }
    }
  ],
  "problems": [
    {
      "slug": "schiessen",
      "name": {
        "de": "Schießen (Vorblühen)",
        "en": "Bolting"
      },
      "cause": {
        "de": "Kältereiz im Jungpflanzenstadium oder zu lange Tage im Sommer.",
        "en": "Cold shock in seedling stage or long daylight hours in summer."
      },
      "remedy": {
        "de": "Sortenwahl beachten, Vorkultur nicht unter 18°C.",
        "en": "Choose resistant varieties, maintain pre-culture above 18°C."
      }
    }
  ],
  "problem_management": {
    "common_pest_groups": {
      "de": [
        "Saugende Insekten",
        "Blattfressende Raupen"
      ],
      "en": [
        "Sucking insects",
        "Leaf-eating caterpillars"
      ]
    },
    "common_disease_groups": {
      "de": [
        "Bodenbürtige Pilze",
        "Blattfleckenkrankheiten"
      ],
      "en": [
        "Soil-borne fungi",
        "Leaf spot diseases"
      ]
    },
    "prevention_principles": {
      "de": [
        "Verwendung von Kulturschutznetzen (Maschenweite 0,8mm)",
        "Gleichmäßige Bewässerung",
        "Weite Fruchtfolge einhalten"
      ],
      "en": [
        "Use of crop protection nets (0.8mm mesh)",
        "Consistent watering",
        "Maintaining wide crop rotation"
      ]
    },
    "diagnosis_notes": {
      "de": "Prüfen Sie bei welkenden Blättern zuerst die Wurzeln auf Verdickungen (Kohlhernie).",
      "en": "In case of wilting leaves, check the roots first for swellings (clubroot)."
    }
  },
  "disease_graph": {
    "scope": "common_ailments",
    "profiles": [
      {
        "slug": "peronospora-parasitica",
        "severity": "medium",
        "conditions": {
          "de": [
            "Hohe Luftfeuchtigkeit",
            "Kühle Nächte"
          ],
          "en": [
            "High humidity",
            "Cool nights"
          ]
        },
        "affected_parts": {
          "de": [
            "Blätter"
          ],
          "en": [
            "Leaves"
          ]
        },
        "prevention": {
          "de": [
            "Nicht von oben gießen",
            "Pflanzabstand einhalten"
          ],
          "en": [
            "Avoid overhead watering",
            "Maintain spacing"
          ]
        },
        "organic_control": {
          "de": [
            "Schachtelhalmextrakt"
          ],
          "en": [
            "Horsetail extract"
          ]
        }
      }
    ],
    "diagnostic_rules": [
      {
        "symptom": {
          "de": "Löcher in Blättern",
          "en": "Holes in leaves"
        },
        "possible_causes": [
          "erdfloh",
          "kohlmotte",
          "schnecken"
        ],
        "first_checks": {
          "de": [
            "Blattunterseite prüfen",
            "Schleimspuren suchen"
          ],
          "en": [
            "Check leaf undersides",
            "Look for slug trails"
          ]
        }
      }
    ],
    "prevention_strategy": {
      "cultural": {
        "de": [
          "Fruchtfolge",
          "Mischkultur"
        ],
        "en": [
          "Crop rotation",
          "Companion planting"
        ]
      },
      "monitoring": {
        "de": [
          "Wöchentliche Kontrolle auf Erdflöhe"
        ],
        "en": [
          "Weekly check for flea beetles"
        ]
      },
      "organic_first_response": {
        "de": [
          "Abspritzen mit Wasserstrahl",
          "Bestäuben mit Algenkalk"
        ],
        "en": [
          "Hosing down with water",
          "Dusting with algae lime"
        ]
      },
      "notes": {
        "de": "Pak Choi ist eine Kurzkultur; Vorbeugung ist wichtiger als Bekämpfung.",
        "en": "Bok choy is a fast crop; prevention is more critical than control."
      }
    }
  },
  "diagnosis": {
    "primary_indicators": {
      "de": [
        "Blattfarbe",
        "Wurzelzustand"
      ],
      "en": [
        "Leaf color",
        "Root condition"
      ]
    }
  },
  "phenology": {
    "stages": {
      "de": [
        "Keimung",
        "Blatt Rosettenbildung",
        "Aufrechter Wuchs der Blattstiele",
        "Schossen (Blütenstandsentwicklung)",
        "Blüte",
        "Samenreife"
      ],
      "en": [
        "Germination",
        "Leaf rosette formation",
        "Upright growth of petioles",
        "Bolting (inflorescence development)",
        "Flowering",
        "Seed maturation"
      ]
    },
    "notes": {
      "de": "Sehr schnelle Entwicklung; die Ernte erfolgt meist vor der Blütenbildung im vegetativen Stadium.",
      "en": "Very rapid development; harvest typically occurs in the vegetative stage before flower formation."
    }
  },
  "flowering_pollination": {
    "flowering_period": {
      "de": "Juni bis August (bei Schossen)",
      "en": "June to August (if bolting)"
    },
    "flower_color": {
      "de": "Gelb",
      "en": "Yellow"
    }
  },
  "pollination": {
    "summary": {
      "de": "Fremdbestäubung durch Insekten, primär Bienen und Schwebfliegen.",
      "en": "Cross-pollination by insects, primarily bees and hoverflies."
    },
    "pollinator_required": true,
    "self_fertility": "partially_self_fertile",
    "pollinator_notes": {
      "de": "Kreuzt sich leicht mit anderen Brassica rapa Unterarten (z.B. Chinakohl, Speiserüben).",
      "en": "Easily crosses with other Brassica rapa subspecies (e.g., Napa cabbage, turnips)."
    }
  },
  "harvest": {
    "harvest_period": {
      "de": "Mai bis November",
      "en": "May to November"
    },
    "optimal_time": {
      "de": "Morgens, wenn die Blätter prall und knackig sind.",
      "en": "In the morning when leaves are turgid and crisp."
    }
  },
  "harvest_details": {
    "harvest_frequency": {
      "de": "Einmalernte der ganzen Pflanze oder sukzessive Einzelblatternte.",
      "en": "Single harvest of the whole plant or successive individual leaf harvest."
    },
    "harvest_indicators": {
      "de": [
        "Erreichung der gewünschten Größe (ca. 10-20 cm für Baby-Pak-Choi)",
        "Blattstiele sind fest und fleischig",
        "Vor dem Erscheinen des Blütentriebs"
      ],
      "en": [
        "Reaching desired size (approx. 10-20 cm for baby bok choy)",
        "Petioles are firm and fleshy",
        "Before the appearance of the flower stalk"
      ]
    },
    "post_harvest_handling": {
      "de": "Wurzeln einkürzen, welke Außenblätter entfernen und kurz in kaltes Wasser tauchen.",
      "en": "Trim roots, remove wilted outer leaves, and briefly dip in cold water."
    }
  },
  "storage": {
    "storage_temperature_c": 0,
    "storage_humidity": "95%",
    "shelf_life_days": 7
  },
  "storage_details": {
    "general_storage_category": {
      "de": "Kurzzeitlagerung (Kühlung)",
      "en": "Short-term storage (refrigeration)"
    },
    "storage_life": {
      "de": "Im Kühlschrank ca. 3 bis 7 Tage im feuchten Tuch.",
      "en": "In the refrigerator for approx. 3 to 7 days wrapped in a damp cloth."
    },
    "processing_options": {
      "de": [
        "Frischverzehr",
        "Kurzes Blanchieren und Einfrieren",
        "Einlegen (Kimchi-Style)"
      ],
      "en": [
        "Fresh consumption",
        "Brief blanching and freezing",
        "Pickling (Kimchi-style)"
      ]
    }
  },
  "processing_use": {
    "suitability": {
      "de": [
        "Wok-Gerichte",
        "Dämpfen",
        "Suppen",
        "Rohkost"
      ],
      "en": [
        "Stir-fry",
        "Steaming",
        "Soups",
        "Raw salads"
      ]
    }
  },
  "kitchen_usage": {
    "preparation": {
      "de": "Blätter und Stiele trennen, da Stiele eine etwas längere Garzeit haben.",
      "en": "Separate leaves and stalks, as stalks require slightly longer cooking time."
    },
    "flavor_profile": {
      "de": "Mild, leicht senfartig, dezente Süße, knackige Textur.",
      "en": "Mild, slightly mustard-like, subtle sweetness, crunchy texture."
    }
  },
  "safety_and_edibility": {
    "edible_parts": {
      "de": [
        "Blätter",
        "Blattstiele",
        "Blütenknospen"
      ],
      "en": [
        "Leaves",
        "Petioles",
        "Flower buds"
      ]
    },
    "inedible_or_caution_parts": {
      "de": [
        "Wurzelstock (zäh)"
      ],
      "en": [
        "Root base (tough)"
      ]
    },
    "toxicity_notes": {
      "de": "Ungiftig. Enthält Glucosinolate, die in sehr großen Mengen die Jodaufnahme hemmen könnten (unbedenklich bei normalem Verzehr).",
      "en": "Non-toxic. Contains glucosinolates which in extreme quantities could inhibit iodine uptake (harmless in normal dietary amounts)."
    },
    "raw_consumption": {
      "de": "Sehr gut geeignet, besonders die zarten Innenteile.",
      "en": "Very well suited, especially the tender inner parts."
    }
  },
  "animal_safety": {
    "schema_version": "1.0",
    "last_reviewed": "2026-06-02",
    "summary": {
      "de": "Die Datenlage ist je nach Tierart unterschiedlich; unbekannte Einträge sollten vor Fütterung oder freiem Zugang fachlich geprüft werden.",
      "en": "Evidence varies by animal; unknown entries should be reviewed before feeding or allowing access."
    },
    "overall": {
      "highest_status": "unknown",
      "emergency_level": "unknown",
      "has_part_specific_risk": false,
      "has_unknowns": true,
      "human_review_recommended": true,
      "unknown_animals": [
        "dog",
        "cat",
        "rabbit",
        "guinea_pig",
        "hamster",
        "budgie",
        "horse",
        "chicken",
        "duck",
        "goose",
        "sheep",
        "goat",
        "cattle",
        "pig"
      ]
    },
    "animals": [
      {
        "key": "dog",
        "label": {
          "de": "Hund",
          "en": "Dog"
        },
        "status": "unknown",
        "risk_certainty": "unknown",
        "access_recommendation": "unknown",
        "feed_suitability": "unknown",
        "emergency_level": "unknown",
        "note": {
          "de": "Keine belastbare artspezifische Einstufung vorhanden.",
          "en": "No reliable species-specific assessment is available."
        },
        "evidence": {
          "level": "insufficient",
          "source_basis": "unknown",
          "species_specific": false,
          "direct_veterinary_source": false,
          "source_count": 0
        }
      },
      {
        "key": "cat",
        "label": {
          "de": "Katze",
          "en": "Cat"
        },
        "status": "unknown",
        "risk_certainty": "unknown",
        "access_recommendation": "unknown",
        "feed_suitability": "unknown",
        "emergency_level": "unknown",
        "note": {
          "de": "Keine belastbare artspezifische Einstufung vorhanden.",
          "en": "No reliable species-specific assessment is available."
        },
        "evidence": {
          "level": "insufficient",
          "source_basis": "unknown",
          "species_specific": false,
          "direct_veterinary_source": false,
          "source_count": 0
        }
      },
      {
        "key": "rabbit",
        "label": {
          "de": "Kaninchen",
          "en": "Rabbit"
        },
        "status": "unknown",
        "risk_certainty": "unknown",
        "access_recommendation": "unknown",
        "feed_suitability": "unknown",
        "emergency_level": "unknown",
        "note": {
          "de": "Keine belastbare artspezifische Einstufung vorhanden.",
          "en": "No reliable species-specific assessment is available."
        },
        "evidence": {
          "level": "insufficient",
          "source_basis": "unknown",
          "species_specific": false,
          "direct_veterinary_source": false,
          "source_count": 0
        }
      },
      {
        "key": "guinea_pig",
        "label": {
          "de": "Meerschweinchen",
          "en": "Guinea pig"
        },
        "status": "unknown",
        "risk_certainty": "unknown",
        "access_recommendation": "unknown",
        "feed_suitability": "unknown",
        "emergency_level": "unknown",
        "note": {
          "de": "Keine belastbare artspezifische Einstufung vorhanden.",
          "en": "No reliable species-specific assessment is available."
        },
        "evidence": {
          "level": "insufficient",
          "source_basis": "unknown",
          "species_specific": false,
          "direct_veterinary_source": false,
          "source_count": 0
        }
      },
      {
        "key": "hamster",
        "label": {
          "de": "Hamster",
          "en": "Hamster"
        },
        "status": "unknown",
        "risk_certainty": "unknown",
        "access_recommendation": "unknown",
        "feed_suitability": "unknown",
        "emergency_level": "unknown",
        "note": {
          "de": "Keine belastbare artspezifische Einstufung vorhanden.",
          "en": "No reliable species-specific assessment is available."
        },
        "evidence": {
          "level": "insufficient",
          "source_basis": "unknown",
          "species_specific": false,
          "direct_veterinary_source": false,
          "source_count": 0
        }
      },
      {
        "key": "budgie",
        "label": {
          "de": "Wellensittich",
          "en": "Budgie"
        },
        "status": "unknown",
        "risk_certainty": "unknown",
        "access_recommendation": "unknown",
        "feed_suitability": "unknown",
        "emergency_level": "unknown",
        "note": {
          "de": "Keine belastbare artspezifische Einstufung vorhanden.",
          "en": "No reliable species-specific assessment is available."
        },
        "evidence": {
          "level": "insufficient",
          "source_basis": "unknown",
          "species_specific": false,
          "direct_veterinary_source": false,
          "source_count": 0
        }
      },
      {
        "key": "horse",
        "label": {
          "de": "Pferd",
          "en": "Horse"
        },
        "status": "unknown",
        "risk_certainty": "unknown",
        "access_recommendation": "unknown",
        "feed_suitability": "unknown",
        "emergency_level": "unknown",
        "note": {
          "de": "Keine belastbare artspezifische Einstufung vorhanden.",
          "en": "No reliable species-specific assessment is available."
        },
        "evidence": {
          "level": "insufficient",
          "source_basis": "unknown",
          "species_specific": false,
          "direct_veterinary_source": false,
          "source_count": 0
        }
      },
      {
        "key": "chicken",
        "label": {
          "de": "Huhn",
          "en": "Chicken"
        },
        "status": "unknown",
        "risk_certainty": "unknown",
        "access_recommendation": "unknown",
        "feed_suitability": "unknown",
        "emergency_level": "unknown",
        "note": {
          "de": "Keine belastbare artspezifische Einstufung vorhanden.",
          "en": "No reliable species-specific assessment is available."
        },
        "evidence": {
          "level": "insufficient",
          "source_basis": "unknown",
          "species_specific": false,
          "direct_veterinary_source": false,
          "source_count": 0
        }
      },
      {
        "key": "duck",
        "label": {
          "de": "Ente",
          "en": "Duck"
        },
        "status": "unknown",
        "risk_certainty": "unknown",
        "access_recommendation": "unknown",
        "feed_suitability": "unknown",
        "emergency_level": "unknown",
        "note": {
          "de": "Keine belastbare artspezifische Einstufung vorhanden.",
          "en": "No reliable species-specific assessment is available."
        },
        "evidence": {
          "level": "insufficient",
          "source_basis": "unknown",
          "species_specific": false,
          "direct_veterinary_source": false,
          "source_count": 0
        }
      },
      {
        "key": "goose",
        "label": {
          "de": "Gans",
          "en": "Goose"
        },
        "status": "unknown",
        "risk_certainty": "unknown",
        "access_recommendation": "unknown",
        "feed_suitability": "unknown",
        "emergency_level": "unknown",
        "note": {
          "de": "Keine belastbare artspezifische Einstufung vorhanden.",
          "en": "No reliable species-specific assessment is available."
        },
        "evidence": {
          "level": "insufficient",
          "source_basis": "unknown",
          "species_specific": false,
          "direct_veterinary_source": false,
          "source_count": 0
        }
      },
      {
        "key": "sheep",
        "label": {
          "de": "Schaf",
          "en": "Sheep"
        },
        "status": "unknown",
        "risk_certainty": "unknown",
        "access_recommendation": "unknown",
        "feed_suitability": "unknown",
        "emergency_level": "unknown",
        "note": {
          "de": "Keine belastbare artspezifische Einstufung vorhanden.",
          "en": "No reliable species-specific assessment is available."
        },
        "evidence": {
          "level": "insufficient",
          "source_basis": "unknown",
          "species_specific": false,
          "direct_veterinary_source": false,
          "source_count": 0
        }
      },
      {
        "key": "goat",
        "label": {
          "de": "Ziege",
          "en": "Goat"
        },
        "status": "unknown",
        "risk_certainty": "unknown",
        "access_recommendation": "unknown",
        "feed_suitability": "unknown",
        "emergency_level": "unknown",
        "note": {
          "de": "Keine belastbare artspezifische Einstufung vorhanden.",
          "en": "No reliable species-specific assessment is available."
        },
        "evidence": {
          "level": "insufficient",
          "source_basis": "unknown",
          "species_specific": false,
          "direct_veterinary_source": false,
          "source_count": 0
        }
      },
      {
        "key": "cattle",
        "label": {
          "de": "Rind",
          "en": "Cattle"
        },
        "status": "unknown",
        "risk_certainty": "unknown",
        "access_recommendation": "unknown",
        "feed_suitability": "unknown",
        "emergency_level": "unknown",
        "note": {
          "de": "Keine belastbare artspezifische Einstufung vorhanden.",
          "en": "No reliable species-specific assessment is available."
        },
        "evidence": {
          "level": "insufficient",
          "source_basis": "unknown",
          "species_specific": false,
          "direct_veterinary_source": false,
          "source_count": 0
        }
      },
      {
        "key": "pig",
        "label": {
          "de": "Schwein",
          "en": "Pig"
        },
        "status": "unknown",
        "risk_certainty": "unknown",
        "access_recommendation": "unknown",
        "feed_suitability": "unknown",
        "emergency_level": "unknown",
        "note": {
          "de": "Keine belastbare artspezifische Einstufung vorhanden.",
          "en": "No reliable species-specific assessment is available."
        },
        "evidence": {
          "level": "insufficient",
          "source_basis": "unknown",
          "species_specific": false,
          "direct_veterinary_source": false,
          "source_count": 0
        }
      }
    ]
  },
  "seed_saving": {
    "difficulty": {
      "de": "Mittel (wegen Kreuzungsgefahr)",
      "en": "Medium (due to cross-pollination risk)"
    },
    "isolation_distance_m": 800
  },
  "seed_saving_advanced": {
    "method": {
      "de": "Pflanzen überwintern (in milden Lagen) oder Samenträger im Frühjahr blühen lassen.",
      "en": "Overwinter plants (in mild climates) or allow seed carriers to flower in spring."
    },
    "selection_criteria": {
      "de": "Schossfestigkeit, kompakte Form, dicke fleischige Stiele.",
      "en": "Resistance to bolting, compact shape, thick fleshy stalks."
    }
  },
  "varieties": [
    {
      "slug": "joi-choi",
      "name": "Joi Choi",
      "type": "standard",
      "description": {
        "de": "Wüchsige F1-Hybride mit sehr weißen, dicken Stielen und dunkelgrünen Blättern. Besonders schossfest.",
        "en": "Vigorous F1 hybrid with very white, thick stalks and dark green leaves. Highly bolt-resistant."
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "me-qing-choi",
      "name": "Me Qing Choi",
      "type": "Baby Pak Choi",
      "description": {
        "de": "Kompakte Sorte mit grünen Blattstielen. Ideal für die Ernte als Mini-Gemüse.",
        "en": "Compact variety with green petioles. Ideal for harvest as mini-vegetable."
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "red-choi",
      "name": "Red Choi",
      "type": "Red Leaf",
      "description": {
        "de": "Attraktive Sorte mit purpurroten Blattoberseiten und grünen Stielen.",
        "en": "Attractive variety with purple-red leaf tops and green stalks."
      }
    }
  ],
  "woody_crop_details": {
    "notes": {
      "de": "Als einjährige krautige Pflanze ist Pak Choi nicht verholzend; Veredelung oder klassischer Obstbaumschnitt finden keine Anwendung.",
      "en": "As an annual herbaceous plant, bok choy is non-woody; grafting or traditional orchard pruning do not apply."
    }
  },
  "pruning_logic": {
    "scope": "vegetative_maintenance",
    "system": "clean-up",
    "remove": {
      "de": [
        "Vergilbte oder kranke Außenblätter",
        "Erdnahe, verschmutzte Blätter",
        "Blütenansätze (bei frühzeitigem Schießen)"
      ],
      "en": [
        "Yellowed or diseased outer leaves",
        "Soiled leaves near the ground",
        "Flower buds (in case of early bolting)"
      ]
    },
    "preserve": {
      "de": [
        "Das Herzblatt (Wachstumspunkt) für fortlaufende Ernten",
        "Gesunde, knackige Blattstiele"
      ],
      "en": [
        "The heart leaf (growing point) for continuous harvesting",
        "Healthy, crisp petioles"
      ]
    },
    "avoid": {
      "de": [
        "Beschädigung des flachen Wurzelsystems beim Unkrautjäten",
        "Übermäßiges Entfernen von Blättern bei Jungpflanzen"
      ],
      "en": [
        "Damaging the shallow root system during weeding",
        "Excessive leaf removal on young plants"
      ]
    },
    "timing_rules": [
      {
        "season": "growing_season",
        "months": [
          5,
          6,
          7,
          8,
          9,
          10
        ],
        "purpose": {
          "de": "Bestandspflege und Ernte",
          "en": "Crop maintenance and harvest"
        },
        "notes": {
          "de": "Laufende Kontrolle und Entfernung von welken Blättern fördert die Hygiene.",
          "en": "Ongoing inspection and removal of wilted leaves promotes hygiene."
        }
      }
    ],
    "cut_location_rules": {
      "de": [
        "Einzelne Blätter knapp über der Basis abbrechen oder schneiden",
        "Ganze Rosette kurz über dem Wurzelhals kappen"
      ],
      "en": [
        "Snap or cut individual leaves just above the base",
        "Cut the entire rosette just above the root collar"
      ]
    },
    "intensity_rules": {
      "leaf_thinning": "low",
      "harvest_cut": "total"
    },
    "decision_tree": [
      {
        "condition": "Plant shows flower stalk",
        "action": "Harvest immediately as quality declines rapidly after bolting."
      }
    ],
    "tool_hygiene": {
      "de": "Scharfe Erntemesser verwenden; nach Kontakt mit kranken Pflanzen (z.B. Falscher Mehltau) desinfizieren.",
      "en": "Use sharp harvesting knives; disinfect after contact with diseased plants (e.g., downy mildew)."
    },
    "diagram_requirements": {
      "de": [
        "Darstellung der Einzelblatternte vs. Ganzpflanzenernte",
        "Schnittführung am Wurzelhals"
      ],
      "en": [
        "Illustration of single leaf harvest vs. whole plant harvest",
        "Cutting guide at the root collar"
      ]
    },
    "notes": {
      "de": "Bei der Ernte von Einzelblättern immer von außen nach innen vorarbeiten.",
      "en": "When harvesting individual leaves, always work from the outside in."
    }
  },
  "ecology": {
    "pollinator_value": "low",
    "wildlife_value": "low",
    "biodiversity_notes": {
      "de": "Wird meist vor der Blüte geerntet, daher geringer ökologischer Wert für Bestäuber, es sei denn, man lässt Pflanzen zur Samengewinnung stehen.",
      "en": "Usually harvested before flowering, thus low ecological value for pollinators unless plants are left to bolt for seed saving."
    }
  },
  "practical_notes": {
    "quick_tips": {
      "de": [
        "Wählen Sie im Frühjahr unbedingt schossfeste Sorten.",
        "Halten Sie den Boden stets feucht, um die Zartheit der Stiele zu bewahren."
      ],
      "en": [
        "Always choose bolt-resistant varieties for spring planting.",
        "Keep the soil consistently moist to maintain the tenderness of the stalks."
      ]
    }
  },
  "seasonal_content": {
    "autumn_focus": {
      "de": "Ideal für die Nachkultur nach Erbsen oder Frühkartoffeln.",
      "en": "Ideal as a succeeding crop after peas or early potatoes."
    }
  },
  "slug": "pak-choi",
  "sources": [
    {
      "title": "Wikidata entity",
      "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165178",
      "publisher": "Wikidata",
      "date_accessed": "2026-05-14"
    },
    {
      "title": "GBIF species match",
      "url": "https://api.gbif.org/v1/species/match?name=Brassica%20rapa%20subsp.%20chinensis&kingdom=Plantae",
      "publisher": "GBIF",
      "date_accessed": "2026-05-14"
    },
    {
      "title": "Deutschsprachige Wikipedia: Pak Choi",
      "url": "https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pak_Choi",
      "publisher": "Wikipedia",
      "date_accessed": "2026-05-14"
    },
    {
      "title": "English Wikipedia: Bok choy",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bok_choy",
      "publisher": "Wikipedia",
      "date_accessed": "2026-05-14"
    }
  ]
}