{ "names": { "common": { "de": "Kornelkirsche", "en": "Cornelian cherry" }, "plural": { "de": "Kornelkirschen", "en": "Cornelian cherries" }, "botanical": "Cornus mas", "botanical_author": "L.", "scientific_synonyms": [ "Cornus mascula", "Macrocarpium mas", "Eukrania mascula", "Cornus vernalis", "Cornus praecox" ], "synonyms": { "de": [ "Gelber Hartriegel", "Herlitze", "Dürlitze", "Hirlnuss", "Dirndl", "Dirndling", "Tierlibaum" ], "en": [ "European cornel", "Cornelian cherry dogwood", "Cornelian-cherry" ] }, "common_synonyms": { "de": [ "Gelber Hartriegel", "Herlitze", "Dürlitze", "Hirlnuss" ], "en": [ "European cornel", "Cornelian cherry dogwood" ] }, "regional_names": { "de": [ "Dirndl (Österreich)", "Dirndling (Österreich)", "Tierlibaum (Schweiz)" ] }, "historical_names": { "de": [ "Zieserlein" ] }, "trade_names": [ "Golden Glory", "Jolico", "Kasanlak" ], "market_names": { "de": [ "Eßbare Kornelkirsche" ], "en": [ "Edible Dogwood" ] }, "misspellings": { "de": [ "Kornellkirsche" ] }, "international_names": { "fr": [ "Cornouiller mâle" ], "it": [ "Corniolo" ], "es": [ "Cornicabra", "Cornejo macho" ], "pl": [ "Dereń właściwy" ] }, "ambiguous_names": [ { "name": "Kirsche", "language": "de", "shared_with": [ "Prunus avium" ], "clarification": { "de": "Die Kornelkirsche ist trotz des Namens botanisch nicht mit der Kirsche verwandt.", "en": "Despite the name, Cornelian cherry is not botanically related to true cherries." } } ], "search_terms": { "de": [ "Kornelkirsche", "Dirndl", "Hartriegel", "Cornus" ], "en": [ "Cornelian cherry", "Dogwood", "Cornus mas" ] } }, "taxonomy": { "kingdom": "Plantae", "clades": [ "Tracheophyta", "Angiosperms", "Eudicots", "Asterids" ], "order": "Cornales", "family_botanical": "Cornaceae", "family": { "de": "Hartriegelgewächse", "en": "Dogwood family" }, "family_id": "cornaceae", "genus": "Cornus", "species": "Cornus mas", "hybrid_status": "not_hybrid", "related_crops": [ "Cornus sanguinea", "Cornus kousa" ] }, "classification": { "main_group": "Fruit and Nut Crops", "sub_group": "Stone Fruit Lookalikes", "crop_group": "Wild Fruit", "life_cycle": "Perennial", "perennial": true, "woody": true, "tree": true, "shrub": true, "edible_parts": { "de": [ "Früchte" ], "en": [ "Fruits" ] }, "nutrient_group": "High Vitamin C" }, "calendar": { "sowing_indoor": { "notes": { "de": "Vorkultur im Haus unüblich; Keimung langwierig.", "en": "Indoor sowing is uncommon; germination is a long process." } }, "sowing_outdoor": { "months": [ 9, 10, 11 ], "earliest_month": 9, "latest_month": 11, "notes": { "de": "Aussaat direkt nach der Ernte; Kaltkeimer, benötigt Winterfrost.", "en": "Sow immediately after harvest; cold germinator requiring winter frost." } }, "planting_out": { "months": [ 3, 4, 10, 11 ], "earliest_month": 3, "latest_month": 11, "notes": { "de": "Beste Pflanzzeit im Herbst oder zeitigen Frühjahr vor dem Austrieb.", "en": "Best planting time is autumn or early spring before bud break." } }, "harvest": { "months": [ 8, 9 ], "earliest_month": 8, "latest_month": 9, "notes": { "de": "Ernte, wenn die Früchte vollreif und dunkelrot bis fast schwarz sind.", "en": "Harvest when fruits are fully ripe and dark red to almost black." } }, "month_tasks": { "1": [ { "de": "Winterschnitt bei Bedarf an frostfreien Tagen.", "en": "Winter pruning if necessary on frost-free days." } ], "2": [ { "de": "Blütebeginn beobachten; wichtige Bienenweide.", "en": "Observe beginning of flowering; important bee pasture." } ], "3": [ { "de": "Pflanzung im zeitigen Frühjahr möglich.", "en": "Planting possible in early spring." } ], "8": [ { "de": "Beginn der Ernte bei frühen Sorten.", "en": "Start of harvest for early varieties." } ], "9": [ { "de": "Haupterntezeit; Früchte für Marmelade oder Likör verarbeiten.", "en": "Main harvest time; process fruits for jam or liqueur." } ], "10": [ { "de": "Ideale Pflanzzeit für wurzelnackte Gehölze.", "en": "Ideal planting time for bare-root shrubs." } ] }, "month_tasks_structured": { "2": [ { "task": "observation", "label": { "de": "Blütenkontrolle", "en": "Bloom check" }, "priority": "low", "months": [ 2, 3 ] } ], "3": [ { "task": "planting", "label": { "de": "Frühjahrspflanzung", "en": "Spring planting" }, "priority": "medium", "months": [ 3, 4 ] } ], "8": [ { "task": "harvesting", "label": { "de": "Fruchternte", "en": "Fruit harvest" }, "priority": "high", "months": [ 8, 9 ] } ], "11": [ { "task": "planting", "label": { "de": "Herbstpflanzung", "en": "Autumn planting" }, "priority": "medium", "months": [ 10, 11 ] } ] } }, "book_content": { "short_description": { "de": "Ein robustes heimisches Wildobstgehölz, das mit frühen gelben Blüten und vitaminreichen roten Früchten besticht.", "en": "A robust native wild fruit shrub featuring early yellow blossoms and vitamin-rich red fruits." }, "main_text": { "de": "Die Kornelkirsche ist ein unverzichtbares Element für naturnahe Gärten. Als einer der ersten Blüher im Jahr bietet sie wertvolle Nahrung für Bienen. Die säuerlichen Früchte reifen im Spätsommer und lassen sich hervorragend zu Marmeladen oder Likören verarbeiten.", "en": "The Cornelian cherry is an essential element for wildlife gardens. As one of the first to bloom in the year, it provides valuable food for bees. The tart fruits ripen in late summer and are excellent for making jams or liqueurs." } }, "structured_month_tasks": { "2": [ { "task": "pruning", "label": { "de": "Erhaltungsschnitt", "en": "Maintenance pruning" }, "priority": "medium", "months": [ 1, 2 ], "condition": "frost_free", "estimated_effort": "low", "notes": { "de": "Nur bei Bedarf auslichten; blüht am alten Holz.", "en": "Only thin out if necessary; flowers on old wood." } } ] }, "cultivation_specs": { "seed": { "seed_depth_cm_min": 2.0, "seed_depth_cm_max": 3.0, "light_germinator": false, "dark_germinator": true, "cold_germinator": true, "stratification_needed": true, "pre_soaking_recommended": true, "germination_temp_c_min": 4.0, "germination_temp_c_max": 15.0, "germination_days_min": 180, "germination_days_max": 540, "seed_lifespan_years_min": 1, "seed_lifespan_years_max": 2, "direct_sowing_possible": true, "pre_culture_recommended": false }, "spacing": { "plant_spacing_cm_min": 200, "plant_spacing_cm_max": 400, "row_spacing_cm_min": 300, "row_spacing_cm_max": 500, "recommended_density_per_sqm_min": 0.1, "recommended_density_per_sqm_max": 0.25, "square_foot_gardening_spacing": "not_applicable", "spacing_notes": { "de": "Als Hecke dichter pflanzen (ca. 70-100 cm), als Solitär weiträumig.", "en": "Plant denser as a hedge (approx. 70-100 cm), widely spaced as a specimen." } }, "growth_dimensions": { "height_cm_min": 200, "height_cm_max": 600, "width_cm_min": 200, "width_cm_max": 500, "root_depth_cm_min": 40, "root_depth_cm_max": 100, "root_spread_cm_min": 200, "root_spread_cm_max": 400, "growth_speed": "slow", "final_size_notes": { "de": "Wächst sehr langsam, kann im hohen Alter baumartig werden.", "en": "Grows very slowly, can become tree-like in old age." } }, "temperature": { "min_growing_temp_c": 5.0, "optimal_temp_c_min": 15.0, "optimal_temp_c_max": 25.0, "max_heat_tolerance_c": 38.0, "soil_temp_for_sowing_c_min": 4.0, "soil_temp_for_sowing_c_optimal": 10.0, "frost_sensitive": false, "late_frost_sensitive": false, "heat_tolerance": "high", "cold_tolerance": "very_high", "temperature_notes": { "de": "Sehr winterhart bis ca. -30°C. Frühe Blüte frostfest.", "en": "Very hardy down to approx. -30°C. Early blooms are frost-resistant." } }, "water": { "water_need": "low", "critical_water_phases": { "de": [ "Anwurzelungsphase", "Fruchtentwicklung" ], "en": [ "Establishment phase", "Fruit development" ] }, "drought_tolerant": true, "drought_sensitivity": "low", "waterlogging_sensitive": true, "mulching_recommended": true, "water_notes": { "de": "Toleriert Trockenheit gut, sobald etabliert. Staunässe vermeiden.", "en": "Tolerates drought well once established. Avoid waterlogging." } }, "nutrition": { "nutrient_group": "medium_feeder", "heavy_feeder": false, "medium_feeder": true, "light_feeder": false, "nitrogen_need": "medium", "phosphorus_need": "medium", "potassium_need": "medium", "calcium_need": "high", "magnesium_need": "medium", "compost_recommended": true, "mulching_recommended": true, "fertilizer_sensitivity": "low", "nutrition_notes": { "de": "Bevorzugt kalkhaltige Böden. Gelegentliche Kompostgabe im Frühjahr fördert den Ertrag.", "en": "Prefers calcareous soils. Occasional compost application in spring boosts yield." } }, "container": { "container_suitable": true, "min_pot_volume_l": 40.0, "recommended_pot_volume_l": 90.0, "min_pot_depth_cm": 50.0, "min_pot_diameter_cm": 40.0, "plants_per_container_min": 1, "plants_per_container_max": 1, "drainage_required": true, "repotting_needed": true, "container_notes": { "de": "Nur für kompakte Sorten dauerhaft empfohlen; benötigt große Kübel.", "en": "Only recommended permanently for compact varieties; requires large containers." } }, "support": { "needs_support": false, "support_recommended": false, "climbing": false, "vining": false, "trellis_recommended": false, "training_required": false, "support_notes": { "de": "Kann als Spalier an einer Mauer gezogen werden.", "en": "Can be trained as an espalier against a wall." } }, "cultivation_modes": { "outdoor_bed_suitable": true, "raised_bed_suitable": false, "container_suitable": true, "balcony_suitable": false, "greenhouse_suitable": false, "polytunnel_suitable": false, "indoor_suitable": false, "windowsill_suitable": false, "hydroponic_possible": false, "permaculture_suitable": true, "no_dig_suitable": true }, "yield_density": { "yield_per_plant_min": 5.0, "yield_per_plant_max": 15.0, "yield_unit": "kg", "yield_per_sqm_min": 1.0, "yield_per_sqm_max": 3.0, "yield_reliability": "high", "yield_notes": { "de": "Erträge steigen mit dem Alter des Strauches deutlich an.", "en": "Yields increase significantly as the shrub matures." } } }, "site": { "sun_exposure": { "de": "Sonnig bis halbschattig", "en": "Full sun to partial shade" }, "wind_tolerance": "high", "microclimate_preferences": { "de": "Wärmebegünstigte Lagen fördern den Zuckergehalt der Früchte.", "en": "Warm locations promote higher sugar content in fruits." } }, "soil": { "ph_range_min": 6.0, "ph_range_max": 8.5, "soil_type": { "de": "Lehmig, kalkreich, humos", "en": "Loamy, calcareous, humus-rich" }, "drainage": "well-drained" }, "watering": { "frequency": { "de": "Gering; nur in extremen Trockenperioden oder bei Jungpflanzen.", "en": "Low; only during extreme dry spells or for young plants." } }, "nutrition": { "fertilizing_cycle": { "de": "Einmal jährlich im Frühjahr.", "en": "Once annually in spring." } }, "cultivation_planning": { "succession_sowing": { "possible": false }, "bed_planning_notes": { "de": "Ideales Vogelschutzgehölz und Bienenweide; gut für Windschutzstreifen.", "en": "Ideal bird protection shrub and bee pasture; good for windbreak strips." }, "interplanting_potential": "high", "mechanization_relevance": "low" }, "crop_rotation": { "years_before_replant": 0, "notes": { "de": "Als ausdauerndes Gehölz nicht Teil einer klassischen Fruchtfolge. Einmal etabliert, bleibt der Strauch über Jahrzehnte am gleichen Standort.", "en": "As a perennial woody plant, it is not part of a classic crop rotation. Once established, the shrub remains in the same location for decades." } }, "companion_planting": { "approach": "Forest garden and wildlife hedge integration", "good_neighbors": [ { "slug": "corylus_avellana", "name": { "de": "Haselnuss", "en": "Hazel" }, "reason": { "de": "Ergänzt sich gut in Heckenstrukturen; ähnliche Standortansprüche.", "en": "Complements well in hedge structures; similar site requirements." }, "relationship_type": "beneficial" }, { "slug": "prunus_spinosa", "name": { "de": "Schlehe", "en": "Blackthorn" }, "reason": { "de": "Ideal für gemischte Wildobsthecken zur Förderung der Biodiversität.", "en": "Ideal for mixed wild fruit hedges to promote biodiversity." }, "relationship_type": "beneficial" } ], "neutral_neighbors": [ { "slug": "malus_domestica", "name": { "de": "Apfelbaum", "en": "Apple tree" }, "reason": { "de": "Keine direkten negativen Interaktionen bekannt.", "en": "No direct negative interactions known." }, "relationship_type": "neutral" } ], "companion_scores": [ { "target_slug": "corylus_avellana", "score": 4, "reasons": [ "habitat_sharing" ] } ], "design_rules": { "de": [ "Nicht in den Schatten großer Bäume pflanzen, da die Fruchtreife Sonne benötigt.", "Ausreichend Platz für die ausladende Krone einplanen." ], "en": [ "Do not plant in the shade of large trees, as fruit ripening requires sun.", "Allow sufficient space for the spreading canopy." ] }, "notes": { "de": "Hervorragende Bienenweide im Vorfrühling; sollte daher in Sichtweite von Imkereien oder Insektenhotels stehen.", "en": "Excellent bee pasture in early spring; should therefore be placed within sight of apiaries or insect hotels." } }, "deficiencies": { "common": [ { "slug": "calcium_deficiency", "name": { "de": "Calciummangel", "en": "Calcium deficiency" }, "symptoms": { "de": "Wachstumsstockung auf sehr sauren Böden.", "en": "Stunted growth on very acidic soils." } } ], "notes": { "de": "Die Kornelkirsche ist sehr robust; Mangelerscheinungen sind bei passendem pH-Wert selten.", "en": "Cornelian cherry is very robust; deficiencies are rare if the pH value is appropriate." } }, "problems": { "environmental": [ { "slug": "waterlogging", "name": { "de": "Staunässe", "en": "Waterlogging" }, "description": { "de": "Führt zu Wurzelfäule; die Pflanze reagiert empfindlich auf stehendes Wasser.", "en": "Leads to root rot; the plant is sensitive to standing water." } } ] }, "problem_management": { "common_pest_groups": { "de": [ "Fruchtfliegen", "Schildläuse" ], "en": [ "Fruit flies", "Scale insects" ] }, "common_disease_groups": { "de": [ "Blattfleckenpilze", "Mehltaupilze" ], "en": [ "Leaf spot fungi", "Mildew fungi" ] }, "prevention_principles": { "de": [ "Wahl eines sonnigen, luftigen Standorts zur Vermeidung von Pilzkrankheiten.", "Kalkung bei zu sauren Böden.", "Förderung von Nützlingen durch naturnahe Gartengestaltung." ], "en": [ "Choosing a sunny, airy location to avoid fungal diseases.", "Liming if soils are too acidic.", "Promoting beneficial insects through near-natural garden design." ] }, "diagnosis_notes": { "de": "Die Kornelkirsche gilt als eines der widerstandsfähigsten heimischen Gehölze. Schäden sind oft physiologisch bedingt (Bodenstruktur).", "en": "Cornelian cherry is considered one of the most resilient native woody plants. Damage is often physiological (soil structure)." } }, "disease_graph": { "scope": "Cornus mas health overview", "profiles": [ { "slug": "rhagoletis-management", "severity": "Moderate", "conditions": { "de": [ "Warme Witterung im Frühsommer", "Vorhandensein von Wirtspflanzen in der Nähe" ], "en": [ "Warm weather in early summer", "Presence of host plants nearby" ] }, "affected_parts": { "de": [ "Früchte" ], "en": [ "Fruits" ] }, "prevention": { "de": [ "Frühzeitige Ernte", "Hühnerhaltung unter den Bäumen zur Puppenvertilgung" ], "en": [ "Early harvest", "Keeping chickens under trees to consume pupae" ] }, "organic_control": { "de": [ "Gelbtafeln (nur bei starkem Befall)", "Netzabdeckung" ], "en": [ "Yellow sticky traps (only for heavy infestations)", "Netting" ] } } ], "diagnostic_rules": [ { "symptom": { "de": "Kleine Einstichstellen an den Früchten, später Madenfraß.", "en": "Small puncture marks on the fruit, later maggot damage." }, "possible_causes": [ "rhagoletis_cerasi" ], "first_checks": { "de": [ "Früchte auf Maden untersuchen.", "Flugzeit der Kirschfruchtfliege prüfen." ], "en": [ "Inspect fruits for maggots.", "Check flight period of the cherry fruit fly." ] } } ], "prevention_strategy": { "cultural": { "de": [ "Regelmäßiges Auslichten für gute Abtrocknung.", "Falllaub entfernen bei Pilzbefall." ], "en": [ "Regular thinning for good drying.", "Remove fallen leaves in case of fungal infection." ] }, "monitoring": { "de": [ "Ab Juli auf Fruchtschäden achten." ], "en": [ "Monitor for fruit damage starting in July." ] }, "organic_first_response": { "de": [ "Befallene Früchte konsequent absammeln und über den Hausmüll entsorgen." ], "en": [ "Consistently collect infested fruit and dispose of it via household waste." ] }, "notes": { "de": "Meist ist keine chemische Bekämpfung notwendig.", "en": "In most cases, no chemical control is necessary." } } }, "diagnosis": { "common_misdiagnoses": { "de": "Herbstfärbung wird manchmal fälschlicherweise als Krankheit gedeutet.", "en": "Autumn coloring is sometimes misinterpreted as a disease." } }, "phenology": { "stages": { "de": [ "Frühjahrsblüher (Februar-März)", "Blattaustrieb nach der Blüte", "Fruchtansatz im Frühsommer", "Fruchtreife (August-September)", "Laubabwurf (November)" ], "en": [ "Early spring flowering (February-March)", "Leaf emergence after flowering", "Fruit set in early summer", "Fruit ripening (August-September)", "Leaf drop (November)" ] }, "notes": { "de": "Eines der am frühesten blühenden Gehölze; die leuchtend gelben Blüten erscheinen weit vor den Blättern.", "en": "One of the earliest flowering woody plants; the bright yellow blossoms appear well before the leaves." } }, "flowering_pollination": { "flowering_period": { "de": "Februar bis März", "en": "February to March" }, "flower_color": { "de": "Gelb", "en": "Yellow" } }, "pollination": { "summary": { "de": "Insektenbestäubung durch Bienen, Hummeln und Schwebfliegen; Windbestäubung spielt eine untergeordnete Rolle.", "en": "Insect pollination by bees, bumblebees, and hoverflies; wind pollination plays a minor role." }, "pollinator_required": true, "self_fertility": "partially_self_fertile", "pollinator_notes": { "de": "Zwar teilweise selbstfruchtbar, aber der Ertrag steigt bei Fremdbestäubung durch eine zweite Sorte oder Wildform deutlich an.", "en": "While partially self-fertile, yields increase significantly with cross-pollination from a second variety or wild form." } }, "harvest": { "harvest_period": { "de": "August bis September", "en": "August to September" }, "yield_estimate": { "de": "5-15 kg pro ausgewachsenem Strauch", "en": "5-15 kg per mature shrub" } }, "harvest_details": { "harvest_frequency": { "de": "Mehrfache Durchgänge; Früchte reifen nacheinander.", "en": "Multiple passes; fruits ripen successively." }, "harvest_indicators": { "de": [ "Tiefrote bis schwarzrote Färbung", "Früchte geben auf Fingerdruck leicht nach", "Früchte fallen bei Berührung oder Schütteln leicht ab" ], "en": [ "Deep red to black-red color", "Fruits yield slightly to finger pressure", "Fruits drop easily when touched or shaken" ] }, "post_harvest_handling": { "de": "Vollreife Früchte sind sehr weich und sollten schnell verarbeitet oder gekühlt werden.", "en": "Fully ripe fruits are very soft and should be processed quickly or refrigerated." } }, "storage": { "storage_method": { "de": "Kühlung oder Tiefkühlung", "en": "Refrigeration or freezing" } }, "storage_details": { "general_storage_category": { "de": "Kurzzeitlagerung (Frischverzehr) oder Haltbarmachung", "en": "Short-term storage (fresh consumption) or preservation" }, "storage_life": { "de": "Frisch im Kühlschrank ca. 2-4 Tage; tiefgekühlt mehrere Monate.", "en": "Fresh in the refrigerator approx. 2-4 days; frozen for several months." }, "processing_options": { "de": [ "Marmelade und Gelee", "Likör und Schnaps (Dirndlbrand)", "Sirup", "Einlegen als 'Falsche Oliven'", "Trocknen" ], "en": [ "Jam and jelly", "Liqueur and schnapps", "Syrup", "Pickled as 'false olives'", "Drying" ] } }, "processing_use": { "industrial_relevance": { "de": "Regional hohe Bedeutung in Österreich (Pielachtal) zur Herstellung von Spezialitäten.", "en": "High regional importance in Austria (Pielachtal) for the production of specialties." } }, "kitchen_usage": { "culinary_profile": { "de": "Säuerlich-herb, erinnert an eine Mischung aus Preiselbeere und Sauerkirsche.", "en": "Tart and astringent, reminiscent of a mix between cranberry and sour cherry." } }, "safety_and_edibility": { "edible_parts": { "de": [ "Fruchtfleisch" ], "en": [ "Fruit pulp" ] }, "inedible_or_caution_parts": { "de": [ "Kerne (unverdaulich)", "Blätter (können bei empfindlichen Personen Hautreizungen durch feine Härchen verursachen)" ], "en": [ "Seeds (indigestible)", "Leaves (can cause skin irritation in sensitive individuals due to fine hairs)" ] }, "toxicity_notes": { "de": "Die Pflanze ist ungiftig. Die Früchte sind reich an Vitamin C und Anthocyanen.", "en": "The plant is non-toxic. The fruits are rich in Vitamin C and anthocyanins." }, "raw_consumption": { "de": "Möglich, aber erst bei Vollreife (glasig-dunkelrot) schmackhaft, sonst sehr herb.", "en": "Possible, but only palatable at full ripeness (translucent dark red), otherwise very astringent." } }, "seed_saving": { "difficulty": { "de": "Schwer", "en": "Difficult" }, "method": { "de": "Samen aus dem Fruchtfleisch reinigen und sofort aussäen.", "en": "Clean seeds from the pulp and sow immediately." } }, "seed_saving_advanced": { "stratification": { "de": "Kaltkeimer; benötigt oft zwei Winter zur Keimung (Doppelte Keimruhe).", "en": "Cold germinator; often requires two winters to germinate (double dormancy)." } }, "varieties": [ { "slug": "jolico", "name": "Jolico", "description": { "de": "Sehr großfruchtige Sorte aus Österreich mit hohem Zuckergehalt und kleinem Kern.", "en": "Very large-fruited variety from Austria with high sugar content and a small stone." }, "fruit_characteristics": { "de": [ "Großfruchtig", "Dunkelrot", "Süß-säuerlich" ], "en": [ "Large fruit", "Dark red", "Sweet-tart" ] } }, { "slug": "golden_glory", "name": "Golden Glory", "description": { "de": "Amerikanische Selektion, die besonders reich blüht und einen aufrechten Wuchs zeigt.", "en": "American selection known for profuse flowering and a more upright growth habit." } }, { "slug": "kasanlak", "name": "Kasanlak", "description": { "de": "Bulgarische Sorte mit birnenförmigen, sehr großen Früchten und starkem Wuchs.", "en": "Bulgarian variety with pear-shaped, very large fruits and vigorous growth." } } ], "rootstocks": [ { "slug": "cornus_mas_seedling", "name": { "de": "Kornelkirschen-Sämling", "en": "Cornelian cherry seedling" }, "description": { "de": "Standard-Unterlage für veredelte Sorten; sorgt für gute Winterhärte und Standorttoleranz.", "en": "Standard rootstock for grafted varieties; provides good winter hardiness and site tolerance." } } ], "woody_crop_details": { "training_systems_to_research": [ "multistem_shrub", "standard_tree", "espalier" ], "rootstock_relevance": "medium", "renewal_pruning_relevance": "low", "notes": { "de": "Veredelte Sorten fruchten deutlich früher (nach 2-3 Jahren) als Sämlinge (nach 6-10 Jahren).", "en": "Grafted varieties bear fruit significantly earlier (after 2-3 years) than seedlings (after 6-10 years)." } }, "pruning_logic": { "scope": "maintenance", "system": "minimal_intervention", "remove": { "de": [ "Totes oder krankes Holz", "Sich kreuzende Äste im Inneren", "Steiltriebe (Wasserschosse) bei Stammformen" ], "en": [ "Dead or diseased wood", "Crossing branches in the interior", "Water sprouts on standard forms" ] }, "preserve": { "de": [ "Kurzes Fruchtholz", "Natürliche Kronenstruktur" ], "en": [ "Short fruiting wood", "Natural canopy structure" ] }, "avoid": { "de": [ "Starker Rückschnitt (führt zu vermindertem Ertrag)", "Schnitt im späten Frühjahr (Saftfluss)" ], "en": [ "Heavy pruning (leads to reduced yield)", "Pruning in late spring (sap flow)" ] }, "timing_rules": [ { "season": "winter", "months": [ 1, 2 ], "purpose": { "de": "Auslichtungsschnitt", "en": "Thinning out" }, "notes": { "de": "Vor dem Anschwellen der Knospen an frostfreien Tagen.", "en": "Before buds swell on frost-free days." } } ], "cut_location_rules": { "de": [ "Immer auf Astring schneiden", "Bei Einkürzungen kurz über einer nach außen weisenden Knospe" ], "en": [ "Always cut to the branch collar", "When shortening, cut just above an outward-facing bud" ] }, "intensity_rules": { "standard": "low", "rejuvenation": "medium" }, "decision_tree": [ { "condition": "shrub_too_dense", "action": "thin_out_oldest_branches" } ], "tool_hygiene": { "de": "Scharfe, saubere Scheren verwenden, um die glatte Rinde nicht zu quetschen.", "en": "Use sharp, clean shears to avoid crushing the smooth bark." }, "diagram_requirements": { "de": [ "Darstellung Fruchtholz vs. Langtrieb", "Schnittführung am Astring" ], "en": [ "Depiction of fruiting wood vs. long shoots", "Pruning cut at the branch collar" ] }, "notes": { "de": "Die Kornelkirsche ist extrem schnittverträglich und kann sogar als Formhecke gehalten werden.", "en": "Cornelian cherry is extremely tolerant of pruning and can even be kept as a formal hedge." } }, "pruning_training": { "natural_form": { "de": "Meist als mehrstämmiger Großstrauch; kaum Schnittmaßnahmen erforderlich.", "en": "Usually grown as a multi-stemmed large shrub; minimal pruning required." }, "standard_tree_training": { "de": "Aufasten in jungen Jahren möglich, um eine Stammform zu erzielen.", "en": "Limbs can be cleared in early years to achieve a standard tree form." } }, "ecology": { "pollinator_value": "Very High", "wildlife_value": "Extremely High", "biodiversity_notes": { "de": "Bietet Nahrung für über 80 Insektenarten und zahlreiche Vögel.", "en": "Provides food for over 80 insect species and numerous birds." } }, "practical_notes": [ { "title": { "de": "Geduld bei der Ernte", "en": "Patience during harvest" }, "text": { "de": "Die Früchte erst ernten, wenn sie fast von selbst abfallen; vorher sind sie extrem sauer.", "en": "Only harvest the fruits when they almost fall off by themselves; otherwise, they are extremely tart." } } ], "seasonal_content": { "winter": { "de": "Schnitt und Blütebeobachtung.", "en": "Pruning and flower observation." }, "spring": { "de": "Nahrungsquelle für Bienen.", "en": "Food source for bees." }, "summer": { "de": "Fruchtreife beobachten.", "en": "Observe fruit ripening." }, "autumn": { "de": "Ernte und Pflanzung.", "en": "Harvest and planting." } }, "slug": "kornelkirsche", "sources": [ { "title": "Wikidata entity", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q158642", "publisher": "Wikidata", "date_accessed": "2026-05-13" }, { "title": "GBIF species match", "url": "https://api.gbif.org/v1/species/match?name=Cornus%20mas&kingdom=Plantae", "publisher": "GBIF", "date_accessed": "2026-05-13" }, { "title": "Deutschsprachige Wikipedia: Kornelkirsche", "url": "https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kornelkirsche", "publisher": "Wikipedia", "date_accessed": "2026-05-13" }, { "title": "English Wikipedia: Cornus mas", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cornus_mas", "publisher": "Wikipedia", "date_accessed": "2026-05-13" } ] }