{
  "names": {
    "common": {
      "de": "Kopfsalat",
      "en": "Butterhead lettuce"
    },
    "plural": {
      "de": "Kopfsalate",
      "en": "Butterhead lettuces"
    },
    "botanical": "Lactuca sativa var. capitata",
    "botanical_author": "L.",
    "scientific_synonyms": [
      "Lactuca sativa subsp. capitata",
      "Lactuca capitata"
    ],
    "synonyms": {
      "de": [
        "Häuptelsalat",
        "Staudensalat"
      ],
      "en": [
        "Head lettuce",
        "Cabbage lettuce"
      ]
    },
    "common_synonyms": {
      "de": [
        "Butterkopfsalat"
      ],
      "en": [
        "Butter lettuce"
      ]
    },
    "regional_names": {
      "de": [
        "Häuptlsalat",
        "Häuptelsalat"
      ]
    },
    "market_names": {
      "de": [
        "Kopfsalat"
      ],
      "en": [
        "Butterhead"
      ]
    },
    "international_names": {
      "fr": [
        "Laitue pommée"
      ],
      "es": [
        "Lechuga arrepollada"
      ],
      "it": [
        "Lattuga a cappuccio"
      ],
      "pl": [
        "Sałata głowiasta"
      ]
    },
    "ambiguous_names": [
      {
        "name": "Eisbergsalat",
        "language": "de",
        "shared_with": [
          "Lactuca sativa var. capitata nidus-jenerae"
        ],
        "clarification": {
          "de": "Eisbergsalat ist eine Untergruppe des Kopfsalats mit festerer Kopfbildung.",
          "en": "Iceberg lettuce is a subgroup of head lettuce with firmer head formation."
        }
      }
    ],
    "search_terms": {
      "de": [
        "Kopfsalat",
        "Salat anbauen",
        "Häuptelsalat"
      ],
      "en": [
        "Butterhead lettuce",
        "Growing lettuce",
        "Cabbage lettuce"
      ]
    }
  },
  "taxonomy": {
    "kingdom": "Plantae",
    "clades": [
      "Tracheophyta",
      "Angiosperms",
      "Eudicots",
      "Asterids"
    ],
    "order": "Asterales",
    "family_botanical": "Asteraceae",
    "family": {
      "de": "Korbblütler",
      "en": "Aster family"
    },
    "family_id": "asteraceae",
    "subfamily": "Cichorioideae",
    "tribe": "Cichorieae",
    "genus": "Lactuca",
    "species": "Lactuca sativa",
    "botanical_variety": "capitata",
    "hybrid_status": "not_hybrid",
    "related_crops": [
      "Lactuca sativa var. crispa",
      "Lactuca sativa var. longifolia",
      "Cichorium endivia"
    ]
  },
  "classification": {
    "main_group": "Vegetables",
    "sub_group": "Leafy Vegetables",
    "crop_group": "Salad Greens",
    "life_cycle": "Annual",
    "perennial": false,
    "woody": false,
    "tree": false,
    "shrub": false,
    "edible_parts": {
      "de": [
        "Blätter"
      ],
      "en": [
        "Leaves"
      ]
    },
    "nutrient_group": "Low-feeder"
  },
  "calendar": {
    "sowing_indoor": {
      "months": [
        2,
        3,
        4,
        8
      ],
      "earliest_month": 2,
      "latest_month": 8,
      "notes": {
        "de": "Vorkultur für frühe Ernte im Gewächshaus oder auf der Fensterbank.",
        "en": "Pre-culture for early harvest in a greenhouse or on a windowsill."
      }
    },
    "sowing_outdoor": {
      "months": [
        3,
        4,
        5,
        6,
        7,
        8
      ],
      "earliest_month": 3,
      "latest_month": 8,
      "notes": {
        "de": "Direktsaat ins Freiland bei frostfreiem Boden möglich.",
        "en": "Direct sowing in open ground possible once soil is frost-free."
      }
    },
    "planting_out": {
      "months": [
        3,
        4,
        5,
        6,
        7,
        8,
        9
      ],
      "earliest_month": 3,
      "latest_month": 9,
      "notes": {
        "de": "Jungpflanzen nicht zu tief setzen, um Fäulnis zu vermeiden.",
        "en": "Do not plant seedlings too deep to prevent rot."
      }
    },
    "harvest": {
      "months": [
        5,
        6,
        7,
        8,
        9,
        10
      ],
      "earliest_month": 5,
      "latest_month": 10,
      "notes": {
        "de": "Ernte am besten morgens, wenn die Blätter knackig sind.",
        "en": "Best harvested in the morning when leaves are crisp."
      }
    },
    "month_tasks": {
      "3": [
        {
          "de": "Frühbeete lüften und erste Sätze auspflanzen.",
          "en": "Ventilate cold frames and plant out the first batches."
        }
      ],
      "6": [
        {
          "de": "Auf ausreichende Bewässerung achten, um Schossen zu verhindern.",
          "en": "Ensure adequate watering to prevent bolting."
        }
      ]
    },
    "month_tasks_structured": {
      "3": [
        {
          "task": "planting",
          "label": {
            "de": "Auspflanzen",
            "en": "Planting out"
          },
          "priority": "high",
          "months": [
            3,
            4
          ],
          "notes": {
            "de": "Abgehärtete Jungpflanzen ins Beet setzen.",
            "en": "Set hardened seedlings into the bed."
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  "book_content": {
    "introduction": {
      "de": "Der Kopfsalat (Lactuca sativa var. capitata) ist der Klassiker unter den Blattsalaten und besticht durch seine zarten, butterweichen Blätter und die charakteristische Kopfbildung.",
      "en": "Butterhead lettuce (Lactuca sativa var. capitata) is the classic leaf salad, prized for its tender, buttery leaves and characteristic head formation."
    },
    "history": {
      "de": "Bereits im antiken Ägypten und Rom bekannt, entwickelte sich der moderne Kopfsalat im Mittelalter zu einer der wichtigsten europäischen Gemüsekulturen.",
      "en": "Known since ancient Egypt and Rome, modern butterhead lettuce evolved in the Middle Ages to become one of the most important European vegetable crops."
    }
  },
  "structured_month_tasks": {
    "3": [
      {
        "task": "sowing",
        "label": {
          "de": "Aussaat im Freiland",
          "en": "Outdoor sowing"
        },
        "priority": "medium",
        "months": [
          3,
          4,
          5,
          6,
          7,
          8
        ],
        "notes": {
          "de": "Regelmäßige Folgesaaten alle 2 Wochen.",
          "en": "Regular succession sowing every 2 weeks."
        }
      }
    ]
  },
  "cultivation_specs": {
    "seed": {
      "seed_depth_cm_min": 0.5,
      "seed_depth_cm_max": 1.0,
      "light_germinator": true,
      "dark_germinator": false,
      "cold_germinator": false,
      "stratification_needed": false,
      "pre_soaking_recommended": false,
      "germination_temp_c_min": 10.0,
      "germination_temp_c_max": 18.0,
      "germination_days_min": 7,
      "germination_days_max": 14,
      "seed_lifespan_years_min": 3,
      "seed_lifespan_years_max": 4,
      "direct_sowing_possible": true,
      "pre_culture_recommended": true
    },
    "spacing": {
      "plant_spacing_cm_min": 25.0,
      "plant_spacing_cm_max": 30.0,
      "row_spacing_cm_min": 25.0,
      "row_spacing_cm_max": 30.0,
      "recommended_density_per_sqm_min": 9.0,
      "recommended_density_per_sqm_max": 12.0,
      "thinning_distance_cm": 25.0,
      "min_bed_width_cm": 100.0,
      "square_foot_gardening_spacing": "1 per square",
      "spacing_notes": {
        "de": "Zu enger Stand fördert Pilzkrankheiten.",
        "en": "Dense spacing encourages fungal diseases."
      }
    },
    "growth_dimensions": {
      "height_cm_min": 15.0,
      "height_cm_max": 25.0,
      "width_cm_min": 20.0,
      "width_cm_max": 30.0,
      "root_depth_cm_min": 15.0,
      "root_depth_cm_max": 25.0,
      "root_spread_cm_min": 15.0,
      "root_spread_cm_max": 20.0,
      "growth_speed": "fast",
      "final_size_notes": {
        "de": "Bildet geschlossene Köpfe.",
        "en": "Forms closed heads."
      }
    },
    "temperature": {
      "min_growing_temp_c": 5.0,
      "optimal_temp_c_min": 12.0,
      "optimal_temp_c_max": 18.0,
      "max_heat_tolerance_c": 25.0,
      "soil_temp_for_sowing_c_min": 10.0,
      "soil_temp_for_sowing_c_optimal": 15.0,
      "frost_sensitive": false,
      "late_frost_sensitive": false,
      "heat_tolerance": "low",
      "cold_tolerance": "medium",
      "temperature_notes": {
        "de": "Keimhemmung bei über 20°C Bodentemperatur.",
        "en": "Germination inhibition at soil temperatures above 20°C."
      }
    },
    "water": {
      "water_need": "high",
      "critical_water_phases": {
        "de": [
          "Kopfbildung",
          "Anwachsphase"
        ],
        "en": [
          "Heading stage",
          "Establishment phase"
        ]
      },
      "drought_tolerant": false,
      "drought_sensitivity": "high",
      "waterlogging_sensitive": true,
      "mulching_recommended": true,
      "water_notes": {
        "de": "Gleichmäßige Feuchtigkeit verhindert das Schossen.",
        "en": "Consistent moisture prevents bolting."
      }
    },
    "nutrition": {
      "nutrient_group": "light_feeder",
      "heavy_feeder": false,
      "medium_feeder": false,
      "light_feeder": true,
      "nitrogen_need": "low",
      "phosphorus_need": "low",
      "potassium_need": "medium",
      "calcium_need": "low",
      "magnesium_need": "low",
      "compost_recommended": true,
      "mulching_recommended": true,
      "fertilizer_sensitivity": "medium",
      "nutrition_notes": {
        "de": "Zu viel Stickstoff führt zu hoher Nitratanreicherung.",
        "en": "Excess nitrogen leads to high nitrate accumulation."
      }
    },
    "container": {
      "container_suitable": true,
      "min_pot_volume_l": 2.0,
      "recommended_pot_volume_l": 5.0,
      "min_pot_depth_cm": 15.0,
      "min_pot_diameter_cm": 20.0,
      "plants_per_container_min": 1.0,
      "plants_per_container_max": 3.0,
      "drainage_required": true,
      "repotting_needed": false,
      "container_notes": {
        "de": "Ideal für Balkonkästen und flache Schalen.",
        "en": "Ideal for balcony boxes and shallow containers."
      }
    },
    "support": {
      "needs_support": false,
      "support_recommended": false,
      "climbing": false,
      "vining": false,
      "trellis_recommended": false,
      "training_required": false,
      "support_notes": {
        "de": "Selbsttragend.",
        "en": "Self-supporting."
      }
    },
    "cultivation_modes": {
      "outdoor_bed_suitable": true,
      "raised_bed_suitable": true,
      "container_suitable": true,
      "balcony_suitable": true,
      "greenhouse_suitable": true,
      "polytunnel_suitable": true,
      "indoor_suitable": false,
      "windowsill_suitable": true,
      "hydroponic_possible": true,
      "permaculture_suitable": true,
      "no_dig_suitable": true
    },
    "yield_density": {
      "yield_per_plant_min": 250.0,
      "yield_per_plant_max": 500.0,
      "yield_unit": "g",
      "yield_per_sqm_min": 2.5,
      "yield_per_sqm_max": 4.5,
      "yield_reliability": "high",
      "yield_notes": {
        "de": "Gewicht variiert stark je nach Sorte und Erntezeitpunkt.",
        "en": "Weight varies greatly depending on variety and harvest time."
      }
    }
  },
  "site": {
    "exposure": {
      "de": "Sonnig bis halbschattig",
      "en": "Full sun to partial shade"
    },
    "shelter": {
      "de": "Windgeschützt vorteilhaft",
      "en": "Sheltered position beneficial"
    }
  },
  "soil": {
    "type": {
      "de": "Humoser, lockerer Lehmboden",
      "en": "Humus-rich, loose loamy soil"
    },
    "ph_range": {
      "min": 6.0,
      "max": 7.5
    }
  },
  "watering": {
    "frequency": {
      "de": "Regelmäßig, Boden nie austrocknen lassen",
      "en": "Regularly, never let the soil dry out"
    }
  },
  "nutrition": {
    "fertilizing_strategy": {
      "de": "Grunddüngung mit reifem Kompost ausreichend",
      "en": "Basic fertilization with ripe compost is sufficient"
    }
  },
  "cultivation_planning": {
    "succession_sowing": {
      "possible": true,
      "interval_days_min": 10,
      "interval_days_max": 21
    },
    "bed_planning_notes": {
      "de": "Guter Partner für Tomaten, Radieschen und Erdbeeren.",
      "en": "Good companion for tomatoes, radishes, and strawberries."
    },
    "rotation_priority": "low",
    "interplanting_potential": "high",
    "mechanization_relevance": "low"
  },
  "crop_rotation": {
    "rotation_pause_years": 3,
    "previous_crops_good": [
      "solanum-lycopersicum",
      "vicia-faba",
      "pisum-sativum"
    ],
    "previous_crops_bad": [
      "lactuca-sativa",
      "cichorium-endivia"
    ],
    "succession_crops_good": [
      "brassica-oleracea-italica",
      "daucus-carota"
    ],
    "notes": {
      "de": "Da Kopfsalat eine kurze Standzeit hat, eignet er sich hervorragend als Vor-, Zwischen- oder Nachkultur. Eine Anbaupause von 3 Jahren zu anderen Korbblütlern sollte eingehalten werden, um Bodenmüdigkeit und Krankheitsübertragung zu vermeiden.",
      "en": "Due to its short growing period, butterhead lettuce is an excellent pre-, inter-, or post-crop. A 3-year rotation break from other Asteraceae should be maintained to prevent soil fatigue and disease transmission."
    }
  },
  "companion_planting": {
    "approach": "mixed_cropping",
    "good_neighbors": [
      {
        "slug": "solanum-lycopersicum",
        "name": {
          "de": "Tomate",
          "en": "Tomato"
        },
        "reason": {
          "de": "Tomaten bieten im Sommer leichten Schatten und vertragen sich gut im Wurzelraum.",
          "en": "Tomatoes provide light shade in summer and share root space well."
        },
        "relationship_type": "beneficial"
      },
      {
        "slug": "raphanus-sativus",
        "name": {
          "de": "Radieschen",
          "en": "Radish"
        },
        "reason": {
          "de": "Ähnliche Ansprüche und gute Platzausnutzung; Radieschen sind schneller erntereif.",
          "en": "Similar requirements and good use of space; radishes are harvested earlier."
        },
        "relationship_type": "beneficial"
      },
      {
        "slug": "fragaria-ananassa",
        "name": {
          "de": "Erdbeere",
          "en": "Strawberry"
        },
        "reason": {
          "de": "Klassische Mischkulturpartner ohne gegenseitige Behinderung.",
          "en": "Classic companion plants without mutual interference."
        },
        "relationship_type": "beneficial"
      }
    ],
    "bad_neighbors": [
      {
        "slug": "petroselinum-crispum",
        "name": {
          "de": "Petersilie",
          "en": "Parsley"
        },
        "reason": {
          "de": "Gilt traditionell als unverträglich, möglicherweise durch Wurzelausscheidungen.",
          "en": "Traditionally considered incompatible, possibly due to root exudates."
        },
        "relationship_type": "antagonistic"
      },
      {
        "slug": "apium-graveolens",
        "name": {
          "de": "Sellerie",
          "en": "Celery"
        },
        "reason": {
          "de": "Konkurrieren stark um Nährstoffe und Platz.",
          "en": "Compete strongly for nutrients and space."
        },
        "relationship_type": "antagonistic"
      }
    ],
    "design_rules": {
      "de": [
        "Zwischen langsam wachsenden Kulturen (z.B. Kohl oder Tomaten) pflanzen.",
        "Reihenabstand von 25-30 cm einhalten, um Luftzirkulation zu gewährleisten."
      ],
      "en": [
        "Plant between slow-growing crops (e.g., cabbage or tomatoes).",
        "Maintain row spacing of 25-30 cm to ensure air circulation."
      ]
    },
    "notes": {
      "de": "Kopfsalat ist ein sehr flexibler Partner im Gemüsebeet.",
      "en": "Butterhead lettuce is a very flexible partner in the vegetable garden."
    }
  },
  "deficiencies": [
    {
      "element": "N",
      "name": {
        "de": "Stickstoffmangel",
        "en": "Nitrogen deficiency"
      },
      "symptoms": {
        "de": "Kümmerwuchs, hellgrüne bis gelbliche Verfärbung der Blätter.",
        "en": "Stunted growth, pale green to yellowish discoloration of leaves."
      }
    }
  ],
  "problems": [
    {
      "slug": "bolting",
      "name": {
        "de": "Schossen (Vorzeitige Blütenbildung)",
        "en": "Bolting"
      },
      "causes": {
        "de": "Hitze, Wassermangel oder zu lange Tageslichtdauer.",
        "en": "Heat, water stress, or excessive day length."
      },
      "notes": {
        "de": "Blätter werden bitter und der Kopf wird unbrauchbar.",
        "en": "Leaves become bitter and the head becomes unusable."
      }
    }
  ],
  "problem_management": {
    "common_pest_groups": {
      "de": [
        "Schnecken",
        "Blattläuse",
        "Wurzelbohrer"
      ],
      "en": [
        "Slugs and snails",
        "Aphids",
        "Root aphids"
      ]
    },
    "common_disease_groups": {
      "de": [
        "Fäulniserreger",
        "Echter und Falscher Mehltau",
        "Blattfleckenkrankheiten"
      ],
      "en": [
        "Rot pathogens",
        "Powdery and downy mildew",
        "Leaf spot diseases"
      ]
    },
    "prevention_principles": {
      "de": [
        "Fruchtfolge einhalten",
        "Nicht zu tief pflanzen (Salat muss im Wind wehen)",
        "Morgens gießen, damit die Blätter abtrocknen können"
      ],
      "en": [
        "Observe crop rotation",
        "Do not plant too deep (lettuce should 'dance' in the wind)",
        "Water in the morning so leaves can dry"
      ]
    },
    "diagnosis_notes": {
      "de": "Kontrollieren Sie regelmäßig die Blattunterseiten und den Strunkansatz auf erste Anzeichen von Pilzbefall oder Schädlingen.",
      "en": "Regularly check the undersides of leaves and the stem base for early signs of fungal infection or pests."
    }
  },
  "disease_graph": {
    "scope": "common_central_europe",
    "profiles": [
      {
        "slug": "sclerotinia-sclerotiorum",
        "severity": "high",
        "conditions": {
          "de": [
            "Hohe Luftfeuchtigkeit",
            "Staunässe"
          ],
          "en": [
            "High humidity",
            "Waterlogging"
          ]
        },
        "affected_parts": {
          "de": [
            "Strunk",
            "Untere Blätter"
          ],
          "en": [
            "Stem",
            "Lower leaves"
          ]
        },
        "prevention": {
          "de": [
            "Lockere Böden",
            "Vermeidung von Überwässerung"
          ],
          "en": [
            "Loose soil",
            "Avoid overwatering"
          ]
        },
        "organic_control": {
          "de": [
            "Befallene Pflanzen sofort entfernen",
            "Boden weiträumig kalken"
          ],
          "en": [
            "Remove infected plants immediately",
            "Liming of the surrounding soil"
          ]
        }
      }
    ],
    "diagnostic_rules": [
      {
        "symptom": {
          "de": "Pflanze welkt trotz feuchtem Boden",
          "en": "Plant wilts despite moist soil"
        },
        "possible_causes": [
          "Wurzelfäule",
          "Wurzellöcher durch Schädlinge"
        ],
        "first_checks": {
          "de": [
            "Wurzelballen vorsichtig ausgraben",
            "Auf Larven kontrollieren"
          ],
          "en": [
            "Carefully dig up root ball",
            "Check for larvae"
          ]
        }
      }
    ],
    "prevention_strategy": {
      "cultural": {
        "de": [
          "Auswahl resistenter Sorten",
          "Optimale Standortwahl"
        ],
        "en": [
          "Selection of resistant varieties",
          "Optimal site selection"
        ]
      },
      "monitoring": {
        "de": [
          "Wöchentliche Kontrolle auf Schneckenfraß"
        ],
        "en": [
          "Weekly check for slug damage"
        ]
      },
      "organic_first_response": {
        "de": [
          "Brennnesselbrühe zur Stärkung"
        ],
        "en": [
          "Nettle tea for strengthening"
        ]
      },
      "notes": {
        "de": "Sauberkeit im Beet ist der beste Schutz vor Krankheiten.",
        "en": "Cleanliness in the bed is the best protection against diseases."
      }
    }
  },
  "phenology": {
    "stages": {
      "de": [
        "Keimung",
        "Blattentwicklung",
        "Kopfbildung",
        "Erntereife",
        "Schossen (Blüte)"
      ],
      "en": [
        "Germination",
        "Leaf development",
        "Heading",
        "Harvest maturity",
        "Bolting (Flowering)"
      ]
    },
    "notes": {
      "de": "Das Wachstum erfolgt bei moderaten Temperaturen sehr zügig; die Kopfbildung ist das entscheidende Stadium für die Qualität.",
      "en": "Growth is very rapid at moderate temperatures; the heading stage is the critical phase for quality."
    }
  },
  "flowering_pollination": {
    "flowering_period": {
      "de": "Juni bis August (nur bei Samenträgern)",
      "en": "June to August (only for seed crops)"
    },
    "flower_color": {
      "de": "Gelb",
      "en": "Yellow"
    }
  },
  "pollination": {
    "summary": {
      "de": "Vorwiegend Selbstbestäuber; die Bestäubung erfolgt meist innerhalb der geschlossenen Blüte.",
      "en": "Predominantly self-pollinating; pollination usually occurs within the closed flower."
    },
    "pollinator_required": false,
    "self_fertility": "highly self-fertile",
    "pollinator_notes": {
      "de": "Insektenbesuch ist möglich, aber für den Fruchtansatz nicht zwingend erforderlich.",
      "en": "Insect visits are possible but not strictly necessary for fruit set."
    }
  },
  "harvest": {
    "harvest_window": {
      "de": "Mai bis Oktober",
      "en": "May to October"
    },
    "yield_estimate": {
      "de": "250g - 500g pro Kopf",
      "en": "250g - 500g per head"
    }
  },
  "harvest_details": {
    "harvest_frequency": {
      "de": "Einmalige Ernte pro Pflanze.",
      "en": "Single harvest per plant."
    },
    "harvest_indicators": {
      "de": [
        "Kopf ist ausreichend fest",
        "Gewünschte Größe ist erreicht",
        "Blätter fühlen sich knackig an"
      ],
      "en": [
        "Head is sufficiently firm",
        "Desired size is reached",
        "Leaves feel crisp"
      ]
    },
    "post_harvest_handling": {
      "de": "Direkt nach der Ernte kühlen oder die Strunkbasis kurz in Wasser tauchen.",
      "en": "Cool immediately after harvest or briefly dip the stem base in water."
    }
  },
  "storage": {
    "storage_temperature_c": 1.0,
    "storage_humidity": "high",
    "storage_methods": {
      "de": [
        "Gemüsefach des Kühlschranks",
        "In feuchtes Tuch eingeschlagen"
      ],
      "en": [
        "Vegetable drawer of the refrigerator",
        "Wrapped in a damp cloth"
      ]
    }
  },
  "storage_details": {
    "general_storage_category": {
      "de": "Kurzzeitlagerung (Frischgemüse)",
      "en": "Short-term storage (fresh vegetable)"
    },
    "storage_life": {
      "de": "2-4 Tage",
      "en": "2-4 days"
    },
    "processing_options": {
      "de": [
        "Frischverzehr",
        "Einfrieren nicht möglich"
      ],
      "en": [
        "Fresh consumption",
        "Freezing not possible"
      ]
    }
  },
  "processing_use": {
    "culinary_suitability": {
      "de": "Hervorragend als Rohkost geeignet.",
      "en": "Excellent for raw consumption."
    },
    "preservation": {
      "de": "Nicht zur Konservierung geeignet.",
      "en": "Not suitable for preservation."
    }
  },
  "kitchen_usage": {
    "preparation_tips": {
      "de": "Welke Außenblätter entfernen, Strunk kreuzweise einschneiden oder entfernen.",
      "en": "Remove wilted outer leaves, cut the stem crosswise or remove it."
    },
    "flavor_profile": {
      "de": "Mild, butterartig, zart.",
      "en": "Mild, buttery, tender."
    }
  },
  "safety_and_edibility": {
    "edible_parts": {
      "de": [
        "Blätter",
        "Kopf"
      ],
      "en": [
        "Leaves",
        "Head"
      ]
    },
    "inedible_or_caution_parts": {
      "de": [
        "Wurzeln",
        "Milchsaft in großen Mengen bei schossenden Pflanzen"
      ],
      "en": [
        "Roots",
        "Milky sap in large quantities from bolting plants"
      ]
    },
    "toxicity_notes": {
      "de": "Ungiftig. Bei Überdüngung kann sich jedoch Nitrat in den Blättern anreichern.",
      "en": "Non-toxic. However, nitrate can accumulate in the leaves if over-fertilized."
    },
    "raw_consumption": {
      "de": "Häufigste Verzehrform; Blätter gründlich waschen.",
      "en": "Most common form of consumption; wash leaves thoroughly."
    }
  },
  "seed_saving": {
    "difficulty": {
      "de": "Einfach bis mittel",
      "en": "Easy to medium"
    },
    "isolation_distance_m": 5.0,
    "seed_type": {
      "de": "Samenkörner (Achänen)",
      "en": "Seeds (achenes)"
    }
  },
  "seed_saving_advanced": {
    "minimum_population_size": 5,
    "seed_harvest_method": {
      "de": "Samenstände bei beginnender Pustebildung (ähnlich Löwenzahn) abschneiden und nachtrocknen.",
      "en": "Cut seed heads when fluff (similar to dandelion) begins to appear and allow to dry further."
    },
    "purity_notes": {
      "de": "Verkreuzungen zwischen verschiedenen Lactuca sativa Sorten möglich.",
      "en": "Cross-pollination between different Lactuca sativa varieties is possible."
    }
  },
  "woody_crop_details": {
    "notes": {
      "de": "Als einjährige krautige Pflanze findet bei Kopfsalat keine Veredelung oder Verholzung statt; die Vermehrung erfolgt ausschließlich über Samen.",
      "en": "As an annual herbaceous plant, butterhead lettuce does not involve grafting or wood formation; propagation is strictly via seeds."
    }
  },
  "pruning_logic": {
    "scope": "harvest_and_maintenance",
    "remove": {
      "de": [
        "Welke oder vergilbte Außenblätter",
        "Von Schnecken oder Krankheiten befallene Pflanzenteile",
        "Blütenansätze (Schosser), sofern keine Samengewinnung geplant ist"
      ],
      "en": [
        "Wilted or yellowed outer leaves",
        "Plant parts affected by slugs or diseases",
        "Flower stalks (bolting), unless seed saving is intended"
      ]
    },
    "preserve": {
      "de": [
        "Herzblätter für fortlaufendes Wachstum bis zur Kopfbildung",
        "Gesunde Außenblätter zum Schutz des Kopfes"
      ],
      "en": [
        "Heart leaves for continued growth until heading",
        "Healthy outer leaves to protect the head"
      ]
    },
    "avoid": {
      "de": [
        "Beschädigung des Strunks beim Entfernen von Blättern",
        "Zu tiefes Abschneiden bei der Ernte, wenn ein Wiederaustrieb (bei Schnittsalat-Methoden) gewünscht ist"
      ],
      "en": [
        "Damaging the main stem when removing leaves",
        "Cutting too deep during harvest if regrowth is desired (for cut-and-come-again methods)"
      ]
    },
    "timing_rules": [
      {
        "season": "growth_phase",
        "months": [
          3,
          4,
          5,
          6,
          7,
          8,
          9
        ],
        "purpose": {
          "de": "Bestandspflege",
          "en": "Crop maintenance"
        },
        "notes": {
          "de": "Regelmäßiges Ausputzen fördert die Durchlüftung und beugt Fäulnis vor.",
          "en": "Regular cleaning promotes ventilation and prevents rot."
        }
      }
    ],
    "cut_location_rules": {
      "de": [
        "Blätter an der Basis des Strunks abzupfen oder schneiden",
        "Ernteabschnitt direkt oberhalb der Wurzelkrone"
      ],
      "en": [
        "Pluck or cut leaves at the base of the stem",
        "Harvest cut directly above the root crown"
      ]
    },
    "intensity_rules": {
      "maintenance": "low",
      "harvest": "total_removal"
    },
    "decision_tree": [
      {
        "condition": {
          "de": "Pflanze bildet einen hohen Stiel und Blütenknospen",
          "en": "Plant forms a tall stalk and flower buds"
        },
        "action": {
          "de": "Sofort ernten oder entfernen, da die Blätter bitter werden (Schossen)",
          "en": "Harvest immediately or remove, as leaves will become bitter (bolting)"
        }
      }
    ],
    "tool_hygiene": {
      "de": "Saubere Messer verwenden, um die Übertragung von bodenbürtigen Pilzen (z.B. Sclerotinia) zu vermeiden.",
      "en": "Use clean knives to prevent the transmission of soil-borne fungi (e.g., Sclerotinia)."
    },
    "diagram_requirements": {
      "de": [
        "Darstellung des korrekten Ernteschnitts über dem Boden"
      ],
      "en": [
        "Illustration of the correct harvest cut above the soil"
      ]
    },
    "notes": {
      "de": "Kopfsalat benötigt keinen klassischen Rückschnitt. Die 'Pflege' beschränkt sich auf das Entfernen kranker Teile und die finale Ernte.",
      "en": "Butterhead lettuce does not require classical pruning. 'Maintenance' is limited to removing diseased parts and the final harvest."
    }
  },
  "ecology": {
    "pollinator_value": "low",
    "wildlife_value": "low",
    "biodiversity_notes": {
      "de": "Da Kopfsalat meist vor der Blüte geerntet wird, ist sein ökologischer Wert für Bestäuber gering, es sei denn, man lässt Pflanzen zur Samengewinnung schossen.",
      "en": "Since lettuce is usually harvested before flowering, its ecological value for pollinators is low, unless plants are allowed to bolt for seed saving."
    }
  },
  "practical_notes": {
    "insider_tips": {
      "de": "Pflanzen Sie den Salat 'hoch': Die Wurzelkrone sollte leicht über dem Erdboden liegen, um Fäulnis zu verhindern.",
      "en": "Plant 'high': The root crown should sit slightly above the soil surface to prevent rot."
    }
  },
  "seasonal_content": {
    "spring": {
      "de": "Zeit für die erste Aussat unter Glas oder Vlies.",
      "en": "Time for the first sowing under glass or fleece."
    },
    "summer": {
      "de": "Schatten spenden und reichlich wässern, um Schossen zu vermeiden.",
      "en": "Provide shade and water generously to prevent bolting."
    }
  },
  "slug": "kopfsalat",
  "sources": [
    {
      "title": "Wikidata entity",
      "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11853965",
      "publisher": "Wikidata",
      "date_accessed": "2026-05-13"
    },
    {
      "title": "GBIF species match",
      "url": "https://api.gbif.org/v1/species/match?name=Lactuca%20sativa%20var.%20capitata&kingdom=Plantae",
      "publisher": "GBIF",
      "date_accessed": "2026-05-13"
    },
    {
      "title": "Deutschsprachige Wikipedia: Kopfsalat",
      "url": "https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kopfsalat",
      "publisher": "Wikipedia",
      "date_accessed": "2026-05-13"
    }
  ]
}