{ "names": { "common": { "de": "Kirschpflaume", "en": "Cherry plum" }, "plural": { "de": "Kirschpflaumen", "en": "Cherry plums" }, "botanical": "Prunus cerasifera", "botanical_author": "Ehrh.", "scientific_synonyms": [ "Prunus orientalis", "Prunus myrobalana f. divaricata", "Prunus cerasifera var. atropurpurea", "Prunus cerasifera var. orientalis", "Prunus cerasifera subsp. georgica", "Prunus cerasifera subsp. caspica", "Prunus caspica", "Prunus cerasifera var. elegans", "Prunus divaricata f. purpusii", "Prunus cerasifera subsp. nairica", "Prunus orientalis var. pamiralaica", "Prunus sogdiana var. eximia", "Prunus divaricata f. woodii", "Prunus cerasifera var. myrobalana", "Prunus cerasifera f. woodii", "Prunus cerasifera subvar. pissardii", "Prunus cerasifera f. subglobosa-putaminata", "Prunus domestica subsp. cerasifera", "Prunus cerasifera var. ovaliputaminata", "Prunus pissardii", "Prunus cerasifera subsp. divaricata", "Prunus cerasifera var. moseri", "Prunus cerasifera var. crisica", "Prunus cerasifera var. luteocordata", "Prunus myrobalana var. serotina", "Prunus divaricata f. elegans", "Prunus myrobalana var. pissardii", "Prunus pissardii var. moseri", "Prunus cerasifera var. stenodrunacea", "Prunus divaricata subsp. nairica", "Prunus cerasifera var. szarvasiensis", "Prunus alpestris", "Prunus cerasifera var. pissardii", "Prunus cerasifera var. turcomanica", "Prunus cerasifera var. taurica", "Prunus sogdiana var. depruinosa", "Prunus cerasifera angustifolia", "Prunus sogdiana var. punicea", "Prunus cerasifera var. nigroglobata", "Prunus orientalis var. excelsior", "Prunus communis subsp. divaricata", "Armeniaca sogdiana", "Prunus cerasifera subsp. pontica", "Prunus cerasifera subsp. turcomanica", "Prunus cerasifera f. ovalidrupacea", "Prunus cerasifera woodii", "Prunus cerasifera var. iranica", "Prunus cerasifera var. csongradensis", "Prunus cerasifera f. purpusii", "Prunus sogdiana var. atrata", "Prunus cerasifera f. subglobosa-drupacea", "Prunus cerasifera var. divaricata", "Prunus myrobalana", "Prunus domestica var. myrobalana", "Prunus myrobalana f. purpurea", "Prunus myrobalana var. gigantea", "Prunus divaricata f. atropurpurea", "Prunus pissardii purpusii", "Prunus cerasifera f. spaethiana", "Prunus divaricata f. nigra", "Prunus cerasifera f. pendula", "Prunus cerasifera var. acutifolia", "Prunus sogdiana", "Prunus sogdiana subsp. conoidea", "Prunus orientalis var. flava", "Prunus sogdiana subsp. prunoidea", "Prunus cerasifera var. eucerasifera", "Prunus cerasifera f. nigra", "Prunus orientalis var. uzbekistanica", "Prunus myrobalana var. arbutifolia", "Prunus cerasifera elegans", "Prunus divaricata subsp. turcomanica", "Prunus mirobalanus", "Prunus monticola var. pubescens", "Prunus domestica var. myrobolana", "Prunus cerasifera purpurea", "Prunus cerasifera f. atropurpurea", "Prunus cerasifera f. stipitata", "Prunus cerasifera subsp. macrocarpa", "Prunus cerasifera subsp. borealicaucasica", "Prunus myrobalana roseaplena", "Prunus divaricata subsp. borealicaucasica", "Prunus cerasifera subsp. orientalis", "Prunus myrobalana var. ligustrifolia", "Prunus divaricata f. pendula", "Prunus cerasifera subsp. pissardii", "Prunus sogdiana var. citrina", "Prunus caspica subsp. foveata", "Prunus orientalis var. popovii", "Prunus myrobalana f. cerasifera", "Prunus cerasifera f. elegans", "Prunus domestica var. cerasifera", "Prunus cerasifera subsp. myrobalana", "Prunus cerasifera subsp. iranica", "Prunus divaricata var. pontica", "Prunus myrobolana var. pissardii", "Prunus cerasifera var. pumila", "Prunus cerasifera subsp. sogdiana", "Prunus cerasifera f. plano-subglobosa-drupacea", "Prunus monticola", "Prunus cerasifera moseri", "Prunus cerasifera var. bonamenta", "Prunus cerasifera var. luteoglobata", "Prunus myrobalana rubraplena", "Prunus sogdiana subsp. arkytensis", "Prunus cerasifera gracilis", "Prunus myrobalana f. pissardii", "Prunus divaricata subsp. caspica", "Prunus sogdiana var. mirabilis", "Prunus pissardii florepleno", "Prunus cerasifera var. georgica", "Prunus cerasifera var. pendula", "Prunus divaricata", "Prunus cerasifera subsp. taurica", "Prunus divaricata var. nairica", "Prunus cerasifera var. nairica", "Prunus mirabilis", "Prunus cerasifera subsp. myrobolana" ], "synonyms": { "de": [ "Myrobalane", "Kirsch-Pflaume", "Wildpflaume" ], "en": [ "myrobalan plum", "myrobalan" ] }, "common_synonyms": { "de": [ "Myrobalane", "Kirsch-Pflaume", "Wildpflaume" ], "en": [ "myrobalan plum", "myrobalan" ] }, "regional_names": { "de": [ "Türkenkirsche", "Türkische Kirsche", "Därgelkersch", "Sterninkel", "Kringelbaum", "Krete", "Wasserlatsche", "Kriacherl" ] }, "international_names": { "fr": [ "Prunier myrobalan" ], "es": [ "Ciruelo mirobolano" ], "it": [ "Mirabolano" ], "pl": [ "Śliwa wiśniowa" ] }, "search_terms": { "de": [ "Kirschpflaume", "Prunus cerasifera", "Myrobalane", "Wildpflaume", "Kirsch-Pflaume", "Türkenkirsche", "Türkische Kirsche", "Därgelkersch", "Sterninkel", "Kringelbaum", "Krete", "Wasserlatsche", "Kriacherl" ], "en": [ "Prunus cerasifera", "cherry plum", "myrobalan plum", "myrobalan" ] } }, "taxonomy": { "kingdom": "Plantae", "order": "Rosales", "family_botanical": "Rosaceae", "family": { "de": "Rosengewächse", "en": "Rose family" }, "family_id": "rosaceae", "subfamily": "Amygdaloideae", "tribe": "Amygdaleae", "genus": "Prunus", "species": "Prunus cerasifera", "hybrid_status": "not_hybrid", "related_crops": [ "Prunus domestica" ] }, "classification": { "main_group": "de: Obstgehölz | en: Fruit shrub/tree", "sub_group": "de: Steinobst | en: Stone fruit", "crop_group": "de: Obst | en: Fruit", "life_cycle": "Perennial", "perennial": true, "woody": true, "tree": true, "shrub": true, "edible_parts": { "de": [ "Frucht" ], "en": [ "Fruit" ] }, "nutrient_group": "fruit" }, "calendar": { "sowing_indoor": { "notes": { "de": "Nicht zutreffend für Kirschpflaumen. Die Anzucht erfolgt meist durch Veredelung oder Pflanzung von Jungbäumen.", "en": "Not applicable for cherry plums. Cultivation is usually by grafting or planting young trees." } }, "sowing_outdoor": { "months": [ 2, 3, 9, 10, 11 ], "earliest_month": 2, "latest_month": 11, "notes": { "de": "Aussaat von Samen im Herbst (natürliche Stratifikation) oder im Frühjahr nach künstlicher Stratifikation. Für Hobbygärtner ist das Pflanzen von Jungbäumen üblicher.", "en": "Sowing seeds in autumn (for natural stratification) or in spring after artificial stratification. For home gardeners, planting young trees is more common." } }, "planting_out": { "months": [ 3, 4, 10, 11 ], "earliest_month": 3, "latest_month": 11, "notes": { "de": "Jungbäume werden im Herbst nach dem Laubfall oder im zeitigen Frühjahr vor dem Austrieb gepflanzt.", "en": "Young trees are planted in autumn after leaf fall or in early spring before bud break." } }, "harvest": { "months": [ 6, 7, 8 ], "earliest_month": 6, "latest_month": 8, "notes": { "de": "Die Früchte reifen je nach Sorte und Standort von Ende Juni bis August.", "en": "Fruits ripen from late June to August, depending on variety and location." } }, "month_tasks": { "2": [ { "de": "Winterschnitt bei Bedarf durchführen", "en": "Perform winter pruning if necessary" } ], "3": [ { "de": "Jungbäume pflanzen", "en": "Plant young trees" }, { "de": "Düngung mit Kompost oder organischem Dünger", "en": "Fertilize with compost or organic fertilizer" }, { "de": "Schnitt von Jungbäumen (Erziehungsschnitt)", "en": "Prune young trees (formative pruning)" } ], "4": [ { "de": "Jungbäume pflanzen", "en": "Plant young trees" }, { "de": "Auf Schädlings- und Krankheitsbefall kontrollieren", "en": "Check for pests and diseases" } ], "5": [ { "de": "Bei Trockenheit wässern", "en": "Water during dry periods" }, { "de": "Mulchen zur Feuchtigkeitskonservierung", "en": "Mulch to conserve moisture" } ], "6": [ { "de": "Erste Früchte ernten", "en": "Harvest first fruits" }, { "de": "Bei Trockenheit wässern", "en": "Water during dry periods" } ], "7": [ { "de": "Früchte ernten", "en": "Harvest fruits" }, { "de": "Bei Trockenheit wässern", "en": "Water during dry periods" }, { "de": "Sommerschnitt (Auslichten, Korrektur)", "en": "Summer pruning (thinning, corrective)" } ], "8": [ { "de": "Früchte ernten", "en": "Harvest fruits" }, { "de": "Bei Trockenheit wässern", "en": "Water during dry periods" } ], "9": [ { "de": "Nachernte-Schnitt (falls nicht im Sommer erfolgt)", "en": "Post-harvest pruning (if not done in summer)" } ], "10": [ { "de": "Jungbäume pflanzen", "en": "Plant young trees" }, { "de": "Laub entfernen und Kompost unterlegen", "en": "Remove fallen leaves and apply compost" } ], "11": [ { "de": "Jungbäume pflanzen", "en": "Plant young trees" }, { "de": "Winterschutz für junge Bäume anbringen", "en": "Apply winter protection for young trees" } ] }, "month_tasks_structured": { "2": [ { "task": "pruning", "label": { "de": "Winterschnitt", "en": "Winter Pruning" }, "priority": "medium", "months": [ 2 ], "condition": "Vor dem Austrieb, bei frostfreiem Wetter", "estimated_effort": "medium", "notes": { "de": "Auslichten und Formschnitt bei älteren Bäumen.", "en": "Thinning and shaping for older trees." } } ], "3": [ { "task": "planting", "label": { "de": "Jungbäume pflanzen", "en": "Plant Young Trees" }, "priority": "high", "months": [ 3, 4 ], "condition": "Vor dem Austrieb, bei frostfreiem Boden", "estimated_effort": "medium", "notes": { "de": "Wurzeln vor dem Pflanzen gut wässern und Pflanzloch vorbereiten.", "en": "Water roots well before planting and prepare planting hole." } }, { "task": "fertilizing", "label": { "de": "Frühjahrsdüngung", "en": "Spring Fertilization" }, "priority": "medium", "months": [ 3 ], "condition": "Vor dem Austrieb", "estimated_effort": "low", "notes": { "de": "Kompost oder organischer Volldünger in den Wurzelbereich einarbeiten.", "en": "Incorporate compost or organic all-purpose fertilizer into the root area." } }, { "task": "pruning", "label": { "de": "Erziehungsschnitt", "en": "Formative Pruning" }, "priority": "medium", "months": [ 3 ], "condition": "Bei jungen Bäumen, vor dem Austrieb", "estimated_effort": "medium", "notes": { "de": "Für eine gute Kronenentwicklung und Fruchtansatz.", "en": "For good crown development and fruit set." } } ], "4": [ { "task": "pest_disease_control", "label": { "de": "Kontrolle auf Schädlinge und Krankheiten", "en": "Pest and Disease Control" }, "priority": "low", "months": [ 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 ], "condition": "Regelmäßig während der Wachstumsperiode", "estimated_effort": "low", "notes": { "de": "Besonders auf Blattläuse und Pilzkrankheiten achten.", "en": "Pay special attention to aphids and fungal diseases." } } ], "5": [ { "task": "watering", "label": { "de": "Wässern bei Trockenheit", "en": "Watering during dry spells" }, "priority": "medium", "months": [ 5, 6, 7, 8 ], "condition": "Bei anhaltender Trockenheit, besonders für junge Bäume und während der Fruchtentwicklung", "estimated_effort": "medium", "notes": { "de": "Tiefgründig wässern, um die Wurzeln zu erreichen.", "en": "Water deeply to reach the roots." } }, { "task": "mulching", "label": { "de": "Mulchen", "en": "Mulching" }, "priority": "low", "months": [ 5 ], "condition": "Nach dem Austrieb", "estimated_effort": "medium", "notes": { "de": "Hilft, Feuchtigkeit im Boden zu halten und Unkraut zu unterdrücken.", "en": "Helps retain soil moisture and suppress weeds." } } ], "6": [ { "task": "harvest", "label": { "de": "Erntebeginn", "en": "Start Harvest" }, "priority": "high", "months": [ 6 ], "condition": "Früchte sind reif und lösen sich leicht vom Stiel", "estimated_effort": "medium", "notes": { "de": "Regelmäßig ernten, um überreife Früchte zu vermeiden.", "en": "Harvest regularly to avoid overripe fruits." } } ], "7": [ { "task": "harvest", "label": { "de": "Haupternte", "en": "Main Harvest" }, "priority": "high", "months": [ 7 ], "condition": "Früchte sind reif", "estimated_effort": "high", "notes": { "de": "Ideal für Frischverzehr, Marmelade oder Saft.", "en": "Ideal for fresh consumption, jam, or juice." } }, { "task": "pruning", "label": { "de": "Sommerschnitt", "en": "Summer Pruning" }, "priority": "low", "months": [ 7, 8 ], "condition": "Nach der Ernte", "estimated_effort": "medium", "notes": { "de": "Auslichten und Korrekturen, um die Krone offen zu halten.", "en": "Thinning and corrections to keep the crown open." } } ], "8": [ { "task": "harvest", "label": { "de": "Ernteende", "en": "End Harvest" }, "priority": "high", "months": [ 8 ], "condition": "Alle reifen Früchte geerntet", "estimated_effort": "medium", "notes": { "de": "Letzte Früchte verwerten.", "en": "Process remaining fruits." } } ], "9": [ { "task": "soil_care", "label": { "de": "Bodenpflege", "en": "Soil Care" }, "priority": "low", "months": [ 9, 10 ], "condition": "Nach der Ernte", "estimated_effort": "low", "notes": { "de": "Abgefallenes Laub entfernen und eventuell eine Gründüngung säen.", "en": "Remove fallen leaves and possibly sow a green manure." } } ], "10": [ { "task": "planting", "label": { "de": "Jungbäume pflanzen", "en": "Plant Young Trees" }, "priority": "high", "months": [ 10, 11 ], "condition": "Nach dem Laubfall, vor dem ersten Frost", "estimated_effort": "medium", "notes": { "de": "Herbstpflanzung fördert gutes Anwachsen im Frühjahr.", "en": "Autumn planting promotes good establishment in spring." } } ], "11": [ { "task": "winter_protection", "label": { "de": "Winterschutz anbringen", "en": "Apply Winter Protection" }, "priority": "medium", "months": [ 11 ], "condition": "Vor dem ersten starken Frost, besonders für junge Bäume", "estimated_effort": "low", "notes": { "de": "Stamm vor Frostrissen und Wildverbiss schützen.", "en": "Protect trunk from frost cracks and animal browsing." } } ] } }, "book_content": { "introduction": { "de": "Die Kirschpflaume (Prunus cerasifera), auch Myrobalane genannt, ist ein vielseitiges Obstgehölz, das sowohl als robuster Fruchtbaum als auch als attraktiver Zierstrauch oder Hecke im Garten eine gute Figur macht. Ihre frühe und üppige Blüte im Frühjahr ist ein wichtiger Nektarspender für Bienen, und die kleinen, süß-säuerlichen Früchte sind eine willkommene Bereicherung für die Küche.", "en": "The cherry plum (Prunus cerasifera), also known as myrobalan plum, is a versatile fruit tree that makes a good impression in the garden both as a robust fruit producer and as an attractive ornamental shrub or hedge. Its early and abundant spring blossoms are an important nectar source for bees, and its small, sweet-tart fruits are a welcome addition to the kitchen." }, "cultivation_overview": { "de": "Die Kirschpflaume ist anspruchslos und wächst auf vielen Böden, bevorzugt aber sonnige Standorte mit tiefgründigem, gut durchlässigem Boden. Sie ist sehr winterhart, jedoch können Spätfröste die frühe Blüte schädigen und den Fruchtansatz reduzieren. Ein regelmäßiger Schnitt fördert die Gesundheit und den Ertrag des Baumes.", "en": "Cherry plum is undemanding and grows in many soils, but prefers sunny locations with deep, well-drained soil. It is very winter hardy, but late frosts can damage early blossoms and reduce fruit set. Regular pruning promotes the health and yield of the tree." }, "harvest_and_use": { "de": "Die Erntezeit der Kirschpflaumen erstreckt sich von Juni bis August. Die reifen Früchte lösen sich leicht vom Stiel und sind ideal für den Frischverzehr, aber auch hervorragend für Marmeladen, Gelees, Säfte und Kompott geeignet. Die Kerne sollten nicht verzehrt werden.", "en": "Cherry plums are harvested from June to August. Ripe fruits detach easily from the stem and are ideal for fresh consumption, but also excellent for jams, jellies, juices, and compotes. The pits should not be consumed." } }, "structured_month_tasks": { "2": [ { "task": "pruning", "label": { "de": "Winterschnitt", "en": "Winter Pruning" }, "priority": "medium", "months": [ 2 ], "condition": "Vor dem Austrieb, bei frostfreiem Wetter", "estimated_effort": "medium", "notes": { "de": "Auslichten und Formschnitt bei älteren Bäumen.", "en": "Thinning and shaping for older trees." } } ], "3": [ { "task": "planting", "label": { "de": "Jungbäume pflanzen", "en": "Plant Young Trees" }, "priority": "high", "months": [ 3, 4 ], "condition": "Vor dem Austrieb, bei frostfreiem Boden", "estimated_effort": "medium", "notes": { "de": "Wurzeln vor dem Pflanzen gut wässern und Pflanzloch vorbereiten.", "en": "Water roots well before planting and prepare planting hole." } }, { "task": "fertilizing", "label": { "de": "Frühjahrsdüngung", "en": "Spring Fertilization" }, "priority": "medium", "months": [ 3 ], "condition": "Vor dem Austrieb", "estimated_effort": "low", "notes": { "de": "Kompost oder organischer Volldünger in den Wurzelbereich einarbeiten.", "en": "Incorporate compost or organic all-purpose fertilizer into the root area." } }, { "task": "pruning", "label": { "de": "Erziehungsschnitt", "en": "Formative Pruning" }, "priority": "medium", "months": [ 3 ], "condition": "Bei jungen Bäumen, vor dem Austrieb", "estimated_effort": "medium", "notes": { "de": "Für eine gute Kronenentwicklung und Fruchtansatz.", "en": "For good crown development and fruit set." } } ], "4": [ { "task": "pest_disease_control", "label": { "de": "Kontrolle auf Schädlinge und Krankheiten", "en": "Pest and Disease Control" }, "priority": "low", "months": [ 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 ], "condition": "Regelmäßig während der Wachstumsperiode", "estimated_effort": "low", "notes": { "de": "Besonders auf Blattläuse und Pilzkrankheiten achten.", "en": "Pay special attention to aphids and fungal diseases." } } ], "5": [ { "task": "watering", "label": { "de": "Wässern bei Trockenheit", "en": "Watering during dry spells" }, "priority": "medium", "months": [ 5, 6, 7, 8 ], "condition": "Bei anhaltender Trockenheit, besonders für junge Bäume und während der Fruchtentwicklung", "estimated_effort": "medium", "notes": { "de": "Tiefgründig wässern, um die Wurzeln zu erreichen.", "en": "Water deeply to reach the roots." } }, { "task": "mulching", "label": { "de": "Mulchen", "en": "Mulching" }, "priority": "low", "months": [ 5 ], "condition": "Nach dem Austrieb", "estimated_effort": "medium", "notes": { "de": "Hilft, Feuchtigkeit im Boden zu halten und Unkraut zu unterdrücken.", "en": "Helps retain soil moisture and suppress weeds." } } ], "6": [ { "task": "harvest", "label": { "de": "Erntebeginn", "en": "Start Harvest" }, "priority": "high", "months": [ 6 ], "condition": "Früchte sind reif und lösen sich leicht vom Stiel", "estimated_effort": "medium", "notes": { "de": "Regelmäßig ernten, um überreife Früchte zu vermeiden.", "en": "Harvest regularly to avoid overripe fruits." } } ], "7": [ { "task": "harvest", "label": { "de": "Haupternte", "en": "Main Harvest" }, "priority": "high", "months": [ 7 ], "condition": "Früchte sind reif", "estimated_effort": "high", "notes": { "de": "Ideal für Frischverzehr, Marmelade oder Saft.", "en": "Ideal for fresh consumption, jam, or juice." } }, { "task": "pruning", "label": { "de": "Sommerschnitt", "en": "Summer Pruning" }, "priority": "low", "months": [ 7, 8 ], "condition": "Nach der Ernte", "estimated_effort": "medium", "notes": { "de": "Auslichten und Korrekturen, um die Krone offen zu halten.", "en": "Thinning and corrections to keep the crown open." } } ], "8": [ { "task": "harvest", "label": { "de": "Ernteende", "en": "End Harvest" }, "priority": "high", "months": [ 8 ], "condition": "Alle reifen Früchte geerntet", "estimated_effort": "medium", "notes": { "de": "Letzte Früchte verwerten.", "en": "Process remaining fruits." } } ], "9": [ { "task": "soil_care", "label": { "de": "Bodenpflege", "en": "Soil Care" }, "priority": "low", "months": [ 9, 10 ], "condition": "Nach der Ernte", "estimated_effort": "low", "notes": { "de": "Abgefallenes Laub entfernen und eventuell eine Gründüngung säen.", "en": "Remove fallen leaves and possibly sow a green manure." } } ], "10": [ { "task": "planting", "label": { "de": "Jungbäume pflanzen", "en": "Plant Young Trees" }, "priority": "high", "months": [ 10, 11 ], "condition": "Nach dem Laubfall, vor dem ersten Frost", "estimated_effort": "medium", "notes": { "de": "Herbstpflanzung fördert gutes Anwachsen im Frühjahr.", "en": "Autumn planting promotes good establishment in spring." } } ], "11": [ { "task": "winter_protection", "label": { "de": "Winterschutz anbringen", "en": "Apply Winter Protection" }, "priority": "medium", "months": [ 11 ], "condition": "Vor dem ersten starken Frost, besonders für junge Bäume", "estimated_effort": "low", "notes": { "de": "Stamm vor Frostrissen und Wildverbiss schützen.", "en": "Protect trunk from frost cracks and animal browsing." } } ] }, "cultivation_specs": { "seed": { "seed_depth_cm_min": 1.0, "seed_depth_cm_max": 2.0, "light_germinator": false, "dark_germinator": true, "cold_germinator": true, "stratification_needed": true, "pre_soaking_recommended": true, "germination_temp_c_min": 5.0, "germination_temp_c_max": 15.0, "germination_days_min": 30, "germination_days_max": 120, "seed_lifespan_years_min": 1, "seed_lifespan_years_max": 2, "direct_sowing_possible": true, "pre_culture_recommended": false }, "spacing": { "plant_spacing_cm_min": 300.0, "plant_spacing_cm_max": 500.0, "row_spacing_cm_min": 300.0, "row_spacing_cm_max": 500.0, "recommended_density_per_sqm_min": 0.04, "recommended_density_per_sqm_max": 0.11, "spacing_notes": { "de": "Als Baum oder großer Strauch benötigt die Kirschpflaume ausreichend Platz zur Entwicklung.", "en": "As a tree or large shrub, the cherry plum requires sufficient space for development." } }, "growth_dimensions": { "height_cm_min": 300.0, "height_cm_max": 800.0, "width_cm_min": 300.0, "width_cm_max": 600.0, "root_depth_cm_min": 60.0, "root_depth_cm_max": 150.0, "root_spread_cm_min": 300.0, "root_spread_cm_max": 600.0, "growth_speed": "fast", "final_size_notes": { "de": "Kann als Baum bis zu 10 Meter hoch werden, oft aber als Strauch oder kleiner Baum kultiviert.", "en": "Can grow up to 10 meters as a tree, but is often cultivated as a shrub or small tree." } }, "temperature": { "min_growing_temp_c": 5.0, "optimal_temp_c_min": 15.0, "optimal_temp_c_max": 25.0, "max_heat_tolerance_c": 35.0, "soil_temp_for_sowing_c_min": 5.0, "soil_temp_for_sowing_c_optimal": 10.0, "frost_sensitive": false, "late_frost_sensitive": true, "heat_tolerance": "high", "cold_tolerance": "high", "temperature_notes": { "de": "Die Kirschpflaume ist sehr winterhart, aber ihre frühe Blüte ist anfällig für Spätfröste, was den Fruchtansatz beeinträchtigen kann.", "en": "Cherry plum is very winter hardy, but its early blossoms are susceptible to late frosts, which can affect fruit set." } }, "water": { "water_need": "medium", "critical_water_phases": { "de": [ "Blüte", "Fruchtansatz", "Fruchtentwicklung" ], "en": [ "Flowering", "Fruit set", "Fruit development" ] }, "drought_tolerant": true, "drought_sensitivity": "medium", "waterlogging_sensitive": true, "mulching_recommended": true, "water_notes": { "de": "Etablierte Bäume sind relativ trockenheitstolerant, benötigen aber in Trockenperioden und während der Fruchtentwicklung zusätzliche Bewässerung. Staunässe unbedingt vermeiden.", "en": "Established trees are relatively drought-tolerant, but require additional watering during dry spells and fruit development. Avoid waterlogging at all costs." } }, "nutrition": { "nutrient_group": "medium_feeder", "heavy_feeder": false, "medium_feeder": true, "light_feeder": false, "nitrogen_need": "medium", "phosphorus_need": "medium", "potassium_need": "medium", "calcium_need": "medium", "magnesium_need": "medium", "compost_recommended": true, "mulching_recommended": true, "fertilizer_sensitivity": "medium", "nutrition_notes": { "de": "Eine jährliche Gabe von Kompost oder organischem Volldünger im Frühjahr ist ausreichend. Überdüngung vermeiden.", "en": "An annual application of compost or organic all-purpose fertilizer in spring is sufficient. Avoid over-fertilization." } }, "container": { "container_suitable": false, "drainage_required": false, "repotting_needed": false, "container_notes": { "de": "Aufgrund ihrer Größe und tiefen Wurzeln ist die Kirschpflaume nicht für die dauerhafte Kultivierung in Containern geeignet, außer als sehr junge Pflanze oder bei speziellen Zwergformen.", "en": "Due to its size and deep roots, the cherry plum is not suitable for permanent container cultivation, except as a very young plant or in special dwarf forms." } }, "support": { "needs_support": true, "support_recommended": true, "climbing": false, "vining": false, "trellis_recommended": false, "support_types": [ "stake" ], "support_height_cm_min": 150.0, "support_height_cm_max": 250.0, "training_required": true, "support_notes": { "de": "Junge Bäume benötigen in den ersten Jahren einen Stützpfahl. Ein Erziehungsschnitt ist für eine gute Kronenform und Fruchtentwicklung wichtig.", "en": "Young trees require a stake for the first few years. Formative pruning is important for good crown shape and fruit development." } }, "cultivation_modes": { "outdoor_bed_suitable": true, "raised_bed_suitable": false, "container_suitable": false, "balcony_suitable": false, "greenhouse_suitable": false, "polytunnel_suitable": false, "indoor_suitable": false, "windowsill_suitable": false, "hydroponic_possible": false, "permaculture_suitable": true, "no_dig_suitable": true }, "yield_density": { "yield_per_plant_min": 10.0, "yield_per_plant_max": 50.0, "yield_unit": "kg", "yield_reliability": "high", "yield_notes": { "de": "Der Ertrag kann je nach Alter des Baumes, Sorte und Standort stark variieren. Kirschpflaumen sind in der Regel sehr ertragreich.", "en": "Yield can vary greatly depending on tree age, variety, and location. Cherry plums are generally very productive." } } }, "site": { "sunlight": { "de": "Sonnig bis halbschattig", "en": "Full sun to partial shade" }, "notes": { "de": "Ein sonniger Standort fördert die Fruchtentwicklung und -reife. Halbschatten wird toleriert, kann aber den Ertrag mindern.", "en": "A sunny location promotes fruit development and ripening. Partial shade is tolerated but may reduce yield." }, "wind_exposure": { "de": "Windgeschützt bis mäßig windig", "en": "Sheltered to moderately windy" }, "aspect": { "de": "Offen, sonnig", "en": "Open, sunny" } }, "soil": { "soil_type": { "de": "Tiefgründig, lehmig-humos", "en": "Deep, loamy-humus" }, "ph_min": 6.0, "ph_max": 7.5, "ph_notes": { "de": "Bevorzugt leicht saure bis neutrale Böden.", "en": "Prefers slightly acidic to neutral soils." }, "structure": { "de": "Locker, gut durchlässig", "en": "Loose, well-drained" }, "drainage": { "de": "Gut", "en": "Good" }, "notes": { "de": "Die Kirschpflaume ist anpassungsfähig, gedeiht aber am besten in nährstoffreichen, tiefgründigen Böden ohne Staunässe.", "en": "Cherry plum is adaptable but thrives best in nutrient-rich, deep soils without waterlogging." } }, "watering": { "water_need": { "de": "Mittel bis hoch", "en": "Medium to high" }, "frequency": { "de": "Regelmäßig bei Trockenheit", "en": "Regularly during dry periods" }, "method": { "de": "Tiefgründig", "en": "Deep watering" }, "notes": { "de": "Besonders wichtig für junge Bäume und während der Fruchtentwicklung. Mulchen hilft, die Bodenfeuchtigkeit zu halten.", "en": "Especially important for young trees and during fruit development. Mulching helps retain soil moisture." } }, "nutrition": { "nutrient_group": { "de": "Mittelzehrer", "en": "Medium feeder" }, "fertilizer_type": { "de": "Kompost, organischer Volldünger", "en": "Compost, organic all-purpose fertilizer" }, "frequency": { "de": "Jährlich im Frühjahr", "en": "Annually in spring" }, "notes": { "de": "Eine ausgewogene Nährstoffversorgung fördert Wachstum und Fruchtbildung. Überdüngung vermeiden.", "en": "Balanced nutrient supply promotes growth and fruit formation. Avoid over-fertilization." } }, "cultivation_planning": { "succession_sowing": { "possible": false }, "bed_planning_notes": { "de": "Als mehrjähriges Obstgehölz ist die Kirschpflaume kein Bestandteil der Fruchtfolge im Gemüsebeet.", "en": "As a perennial fruit tree, the cherry plum is not part of crop rotation in vegetable beds." }, "rotation_priority": "not_applicable", "interplanting_potential": "high", "mechanization_relevance": "low" }, "companion_planting": { "approach": "de: Förderung der Baumgesundheit und des Ertrags durch Anziehung von Nützlingen und Bodenverbesserung. | en: Promoting tree health and yield by attracting beneficial insects and improving soil.", "good_neighbors": [ { "slug": "nasturtium", "name": { "de": "Kapuzinerkresse", "en": "Nasturtium" }, "reason": { "de": "Lockt Blattläuse an und lenkt sie vom Baum ab (Opferpflanze).", "en": "Attracts aphids, diverting them from the tree (trap crop)." }, "relationship_type": "trap_crop" }, { "slug": "chives", "name": { "de": "Schnittlauch", "en": "Chives" }, "reason": { "de": "Vertreibt einige Schädlinge durch seinen Geruch.", "en": "Deters some pests with its scent." }, "relationship_type": "pest_repellent" }, { "slug": "garlic", "name": { "de": "Knoblauch", "en": "Garlic" }, "reason": { "de": "Vertreibt einige Schädlinge und Pilzkrankheiten.", "en": "Deters some pests and fungal diseases." }, "relationship_type": "pest_repellent" }, { "slug": "comfrey", "name": { "de": "Beinwell", "en": "Comfrey" }, "reason": { "de": "Tiefwurzler, lockert den Boden, sammelt Nährstoffe und kann als Mulch verwendet werden.", "en": "Deep-rooted, loosens soil, accumulates nutrients, and can be used as mulch." }, "relationship_type": "nutrient_accumulator" }, { "slug": "dandelion", "name": { "de": "Löwenzahn", "en": "Dandelion" }, "reason": { "de": "Tiefwurzler, lockert den Boden und zieht Bestäuber an.", "en": "Deep-rooted, loosens soil, and attracts pollinators." }, "relationship_type": "soil_improver" }, { "slug": "strawberries", "name": { "de": "Erdbeeren", "en": "Strawberries" }, "reason": { "de": "Bodendecker, unterdrückt Unkraut und hält Feuchtigkeit.", "en": "Ground cover, suppresses weeds, and retains moisture." }, "relationship_type": "ground_cover" }, { "slug": "yarrow", "name": { "de": "Schafgarbe", "en": "Yarrow" }, "reason": { "de": "Zieht Nützlinge an und verbessert die Bodengesundheit.", "en": "Attracts beneficial insects and improves soil health." }, "relationship_type": "beneficial_attractor" } ], "bad_neighbors": [ { "slug": "walnut", "name": { "de": "Walnussbaum", "en": "Walnut tree" }, "reason": { "de": "Produziert Juglon, das das Wachstum vieler Pflanzen hemmt.", "en": "Produces juglone, which inhibits the growth of many plants." }, "relationship_type": "allelopathic" }, { "slug": "potato", "name": { "de": "Kartoffel", "en": "Potato" }, "reason": { "de": "Kann ähnliche Krankheiten und Schädlinge anziehen und konkurriert um Wasser und Nährstoffe.", "en": "Can attract similar diseases and pests and competes for water and nutrients." }, "relationship_type": "competition" } ], "design_rules": { "de": [ "Pflanzen Sie Kräuter und Blumen um den Stamm, um Nützlinge anzuziehen.", "Vermeiden Sie stark konkurrierende Pflanzen direkt im Wurzelbereich.", "Sorgen Sie für ausreichend Abstand zu großen Bäumen wie Walnuss." ], "en": [ "Plant herbs and flowers around the trunk to attract beneficial insects.", "Avoid highly competitive plants directly in the root zone.", "Ensure sufficient distance from large trees like walnuts." ] }, "notes": { "de": "Die Kirschpflaume ist relativ robust, aber eine gute Mischkultur kann die Widerstandsfähigkeit gegen Schädlinge und Krankheiten erhöhen.", "en": "Cherry plum is relatively robust, but good companion planting can increase its resistance to pests and diseases." } }, "deficiencies": { "profiles": [ { "slug": "iron_deficiency", "name": { "de": "Eisenmangel", "en": "Iron Deficiency" }, "description": { "de": "Junge Blätter werden gelb, Blattadern bleiben grün (Chlorose).", "en": "Young leaves turn yellow, while veins remain green (chlorosis)." }, "severity": "low", "affected_parts": { "de": [ "Junge Blätter" ], "en": [ "Young leaves" ] }, "conditions": { "de": [ "Hoher pH-Wert des Bodens", "Kalkreiche Böden", "Staunässe" ], "en": [ "High soil pH", "Calcareous soils", "Waterlogging" ] }, "prevention": { "de": [ "Boden-pH im optimalen Bereich halten", "Gute Drainage gewährleisten" ], "en": [ "Maintain soil pH in optimal range", "Ensure good drainage" ] }, "organic_control": { "de": [ "Blattdüngung mit Eisenchelat", "Boden mit saurem Kompost oder Rhododendronerde verbessern" ], "en": [ "Foliar feeding with iron chelate", "Improve soil with acidic compost or rhododendron soil" ] }, "notes": { "de": "Oft ein Problem der Verfügbarkeit im Boden, nicht des Mangels an Eisen selbst.", "en": "Often a problem of availability in the soil, not a lack of iron itself." } }, { "slug": "nitrogen_deficiency", "name": { "de": "Stickstoffmangel", "en": "Nitrogen Deficiency" }, "description": { "de": "Blätter werden hellgrün bis gelblich, Wachstum ist gehemmt, Früchte bleiben klein.", "en": "Leaves turn pale green to yellowish, growth is stunted, fruits remain small." }, "severity": "medium", "affected_parts": { "de": [ "Ältere Blätter", "Gesamte Pflanze", "Früchte" ], "en": [ "Older leaves", "Entire plant", "Fruits" ] }, "conditions": { "de": [ "Nährstoffarmer Boden", "Auswaschung bei starkem Regen" ], "en": [ "Nutrient-poor soil", "Leaching during heavy rain" ] }, "prevention": { "de": [ "Regelmäßige organische Düngung (Kompost, Hornspäne)", "Gründüngung" ], "en": [ "Regular organic fertilization (compost, horn meal)", "Green manure" ] }, "organic_control": { "de": [ "Schnelle Gabe von organischem Stickstoffdünger (z.B. Brennnesseljauche)", "Kompost einarbeiten" ], "en": [ "Quick application of organic nitrogen fertilizer (e.g., nettle liquid manure)", "Incorporate compost" ] }, "notes": { "de": "Ein leichter Mangel ist oft unproblematisch, starker Mangel reduziert den Ertrag.", "en": "A slight deficiency is often unproblematic, severe deficiency reduces yield." } } ], "notes": { "de": "Eine Bodenanalyse kann helfen, Nährstoffmängel genau zu bestimmen. Organische Düngung beugt vielen Mängeln vor.", "en": "Soil analysis can help accurately determine nutrient deficiencies. Organic fertilization prevents many deficiencies." } }, "problems": { "profiles": [ { "slug": "late_frost_damage", "name": { "de": "Spätfrostschäden an Blüten", "en": "Late Frost Damage to Blossoms" }, "description": { "de": "Frühe Blüten erfrieren bei Spätfrösten, was zu einem geringen oder keinem Fruchtansatz führt.", "en": "Early blossoms freeze during late frosts, leading to low or no fruit set." }, "severity": "high", "affected_parts": { "de": [ "Blüten", "Junge Früchte" ], "en": [ "Blossoms", "Young fruits" ] }, "conditions": { "de": [ "Frühe Blütezeit", "Plötzlicher Frosteinbruch nach warmen Perioden" ], "en": [ "Early flowering period", "Sudden frost after warm periods" ] }, "prevention": { "de": [ "Standortwahl (geschützt)", "Spätblühende Sorten wählen", "Bei angekündigtem Frost: Vliesabdeckung oder Beregnung" ], "en": [ "Site selection (sheltered)", "Choose late-flowering varieties", "In case of announced frost: fleece cover or sprinkling" ] }, "organic_control": { "de": [ "Keine direkte Heilung, nur Vorbeugung und Schadensbegrenzung" ], "en": [ "No direct cure, only prevention and damage limitation" ] }, "notes": { "de": "Die Kirschpflaume blüht sehr früh, was sie anfällig für Spätfröste macht.", "en": "Cherry plum blossoms very early, making it susceptible to late frosts." } }, { "slug": "poor_fruit_set", "name": { "de": "Geringer Fruchtansatz", "en": "Poor Fruit Set" }, "description": { "de": "Wenige oder keine Früchte entwickeln sich trotz Blüte.", "en": "Few or no fruits develop despite flowering." }, "severity": "medium", "affected_parts": { "de": [ "Früchte" ], "en": [ "Fruits" ] }, "conditions": { "de": [ "Spätfrost", "Mangelnde Bestäubung (fehlende Bienen)", "Nährstoffmangel", "Wassermangel" ], "en": [ "Late frost", "Lack of pollination (missing bees)", "Nutrient deficiency", "Water shortage" ] }, "prevention": { "de": [ "Bestäuber anlocken (Blühpflanzen)", "Ausreichende Wasser- und Nährstoffversorgung", "Spätfrostschutz" ], "en": [ "Attract pollinators (flowering plants)", "Adequate water and nutrient supply", "Late frost protection" ] }, "organic_control": { "de": [ "Siehe Präventionsmaßnahmen" ], "en": [ "See prevention measures" ] }, "notes": { "de": "Oft eine Kombination mehrerer Faktoren. Eine gute Standortwahl und Pflege sind entscheidend.", "en": "Often a combination of several factors. Good site selection and care are crucial." } } ], "notes": { "de": "Viele Probleme können durch optimale Standortbedingungen und angepasste Pflege vermieden werden.", "en": "Many problems can be avoided through optimal site conditions and adapted care." } }, "problem_management": { "common_pest_groups": { "de": [ "Saugende Insekten (Blattläuse)", "Fruchtschädlinge (Wickler)", "Blattfressende Raupen (Frostspanner)" ], "en": [ "Sucking insects (aphids)", "Fruit pests (moths)", "Leaf-eating caterpillars (winter moth)" ] }, "common_disease_groups": { "de": [ "Pilzkrankheiten (Monilia, Schrotschuß)", "Physiologische Störungen (Gummifluss)" ], "en": [ "Fungal diseases (Monilia, Shot hole)", "Physiological disorders (Gummosis)" ] }, "prevention_principles": { "de": [ "Standortgerechte Pflanzung", "Ausgewogene Nährstoffversorgung", "Regelmäßiger, fachgerechter Schnitt", "Gute Gartenhygiene (Entfernen von Falllaub und befallenen Pflanzenteilen)", "Förderung von Nützlingen", "Vermeidung von Stressfaktoren (Trockenheit, Staunässe)" ], "en": [ "Site-appropriate planting", "Balanced nutrient supply", "Regular, professional pruning", "Good garden hygiene (removing fallen leaves and infected plant parts)", "Promoting beneficial insects", "Avoiding stress factors (drought, waterlogging)" ] }, "diagnosis_notes": { "de": "Beobachten Sie die Pflanze regelmäßig auf Veränderungen an Blättern, Trieben, Blüten und Früchten. Achten Sie auf das Auftreten von Schädlingen oder ungewöhnlichen Verfärbungen und Wuchsformen. Bei Unsicherheit können Fotos und eine genaue Beschreibung der Symptome bei der Diagnose helfen.", "en": "Observe the plant regularly for changes in leaves, shoots, blossoms, and fruits. Look for the presence of pests or unusual discolorations and growth patterns. If unsure, photos and a precise description of symptoms can aid in diagnosis." } }, "disease_graph": { "scope": "common_problems", "profiles": [ { "slug": "aphids", "severity": "medium", "affected_parts": { "de": [ "Blätter", "Junge Triebe", "Früchte" ], "en": [ "Leaves", "Young shoots", "Fruits" ] }, "prevention": { "de": [ "Nützlinge fördern (Marienkäfer, Florfliegen)", "Ausgewogene Düngung (Stickstoffüberschuss vermeiden)", "Regelmäßige Kontrolle" ], "en": [ "Promote beneficial insects (ladybugs, lacewings)", "Balanced fertilization (avoid excess nitrogen)", "Regular inspection" ] }, "organic_control": { "de": [ "Abspülen mit starkem Wasserstrahl", "Neemöl", "Seifenlauge", "Einsatz von Nützlingen" ], "en": [ "Rinsing with strong water jet", "Neem oil", "Soapy water", "Introduction of beneficial insects" ] } }, { "slug": "plum_fruit_moth", "severity": "high", "affected_parts": { "de": [ "Früchte" ], "en": [ "Fruits" ] }, "prevention": { "de": [ "Pheromonfallen zur Befallsermittlung", "Befallene Früchte frühzeitig entfernen und vernichten", "Nützlinge fördern (Ohrwürmer)" ], "en": [ "Pheromone traps for monitoring", "Remove and destroy infested fruits early", "Promote beneficial insects (earwigs)" ] }, "organic_control": { "de": [ "Einsatz von Trichogramma-Schlupfwespen", "Spritzungen mit Bacillus thuringiensis (gegen junge Larven)" ], "en": [ "Use of Trichogramma wasps", "Spraying with Bacillus thuringiensis (against young larvae)" ] } }, { "slug": "winter_moth", "severity": "medium", "affected_parts": { "de": [ "Knospen", "Blätter", "Blüten" ], "en": [ "Buds", "Leaves", "Blossoms" ] }, "prevention": { "de": [ "Leimringe anbringen (Oktober/November) um Weibchen am Hochklettern zu hindern", "Nützlinge fördern (Vögel)" ], "en": [ "Apply sticky bands (October/November) to prevent females from climbing", "Promote beneficial insects (birds)" ] }, "organic_control": { "de": [ "Absammeln der Raupen bei geringem Befall", "Spritzungen mit Bacillus thuringiensis" ], "en": [ "Hand-picking caterpillars for minor infestations", "Spraying with Bacillus thuringiensis" ] } }, { "slug": "monilia_fruit_rot", "severity": "high", "conditions": { "de": [ "Feuchtes Wetter", "Verletzungen an Früchten" ], "en": [ "Humid weather", "Fruit injuries" ] }, "affected_parts": { "de": [ "Früchte" ], "en": [ "Fruits" ] }, "prevention": { "de": [ "Befallene Früchte frühzeitig entfernen und vernichten", "Ausreichend lichten Schnitt für gute Belüftung", "Verletzungen an Früchten vermeiden" ], "en": [ "Remove and destroy infected fruits early", "Adequate thinning for good ventilation", "Avoid fruit injuries" ] }, "organic_control": { "de": [ "Entfernen aller befallenen Pflanzenteile", "Spritzungen mit Schachtelhalmbrühe zur Stärkung" ], "en": [ "Remove all infected plant parts", "Spraying with horsetail broth for strengthening" ] } }, { "slug": "shot_hole_disease", "severity": "medium", "conditions": { "de": [ "Feuchtes Wetter", "Schlechte Belüftung" ], "en": [ "Humid weather", "Poor ventilation" ] }, "affected_parts": { "de": [ "Blätter", "Früchte", "Triebe" ], "en": [ "Leaves", "Fruits", "Shoots" ] }, "prevention": { "de": [ "Befallenes Laub entfernen und vernichten", "Ausreichend lichten Schnitt", "Resistente Sorten wählen" ], "en": [ "Remove and destroy infected leaves", "Adequate thinning", "Choose resistant varieties" ] }, "organic_control": { "de": [ "Spritzungen mit Kupferpräparaten (im ökologischen Anbau begrenzt)", "Stärkung mit Pflanzenbrühen (z.B. Ackerschachtelhalm)" ], "en": [ "Spraying with copper preparations (limited in organic farming)", "Strengthening with plant decoctions (e.g., horsetail)" ] } }, { "slug": "gummosis", "severity": "medium", "conditions": { "de": [ "Frostrisse", "Schnittwunden", "Borkenkäferbefall", "Pilzinfektionen", "Staunässe" ], "en": [ "Frost cracks", "Pruning wounds", "Bark beetle infestation", "Fungal infections", "Waterlogging" ] }, "affected_parts": { "de": [ "Stamm", "Äste", "Zweige" ], "en": [ "Trunk", "Branches", "Twigs" ] }, "prevention": { "de": [ "Sorgfältiger Schnitt", "Winterschutz für junge Bäume", "Gute Standortwahl", "Vermeidung von Staunässe" ], "en": [ "Careful pruning", "Winter protection for young trees", "Good site selection", "Avoid waterlogging" ] }, "organic_control": { "de": [ "Befallene Stellen sauber ausschneiden bis ins gesunde Holz", "Wundverschlussmittel (umstritten)", "Ursache beheben (z.B. Drainage verbessern)" ], "en": [ "Cleanly cut out affected areas to healthy wood", "Wound sealants (controversial)", "Address underlying cause (e.g., improve drainage)" ] } }, { "slug": "late_frost_damage", "severity": "high", "conditions": { "de": [ "Frühe Blütezeit", "Plötzlicher Frosteinbruch nach warmen Perioden" ], "en": [ "Early flowering period", "Sudden frost after warm periods" ] }, "affected_parts": { "de": [ "Blüten", "Junge Früchte" ], "en": [ "Blossoms", "Young fruits" ] }, "prevention": { "de": [ "Standortwahl (geschützt)", "Spätblühende Sorten wählen", "Bei angekündigtem Frost: Vliesabdeckung oder Beregnung" ], "en": [ "Site selection (sheltered)", "Choose late-flowering varieties", "In case of announced frost: fleece cover or sprinkling" ] }, "organic_control": { "de": [ "Keine direkte Heilung, nur Vorbeugung und Schadensbegrenzung" ], "en": [ "No direct cure, only prevention and damage limitation" ] } }, { "slug": "poor_fruit_set", "severity": "medium", "conditions": { "de": [ "Spätfrost", "Mangelnde Bestäubung (fehlende Bienen)", "Nährstoffmangel", "Wassermangel" ], "en": [ "Late frost", "Lack of pollination (missing bees)", "Nutrient deficiency", "Water shortage" ] }, "affected_parts": { "de": [ "Früchte" ], "en": [ "Fruits" ] }, "prevention": { "de": [ "Bestäuber anlocken (Blühpflanzen)", "Ausreichende Wasser- und Nährstoffversorgung", "Spätfrostschutz" ], "en": [ "Attract pollinators (flowering plants)", "Adequate water and nutrient supply", "Late frost protection" ] }, "organic_control": { "de": [ "Siehe Präventionsmaßnahmen" ], "en": [ "See prevention measures" ] } } ], "diagnostic_rules": [ { "symptom": { "de": "Blätter und junge Triebe sind klebrig, oft mit kleinen grünen oder schwarzen Insekten besetzt.", "en": "Leaves and young shoots are sticky, often covered with small green or black insects." }, "possible_causes": [ "aphids" ], "first_checks": { "de": [ "Kontrolle der Blattunterseiten und Triebspitzen.", "Suche nach Marienkäfern oder deren Larven." ], "en": [ "Check undersides of leaves and shoot tips.", "Look for ladybugs or their larvae." ] } }, { "symptom": { "de": "Früchte zeigen braune, faulige Stellen mit ringförmigen Sporenlagern.", "en": "Fruits show brown, rotten spots with concentric spore cushions." }, "possible_causes": [ "monilia_fruit_rot" ], "first_checks": { "de": [ "Entfernen und Untersuchen befallener Früchte.", "Kontrolle auf Spitzendürre an Trieben." ], "en": [ "Remove and examine infected fruits.", "Check for blossom blight on shoots." ] } }, { "symptom": { "de": "Blätter haben kleine, rotbraune Flecken, die später ausfallen und Löcher hinterlassen.", "en": "Leaves have small, reddish-brown spots that later fall out, leaving holes." }, "possible_causes": [ "shot_hole_disease" ], "first_checks": { "de": [ "Kontrolle der Blätter auf typische Flecken und Löcher.", "Überprüfung der Belüftung der Baumkrone." ], "en": [ "Check leaves for typical spots and holes.", "Check ventilation of the tree crown." ] } }, { "symptom": { "de": "Harzaustritt aus Stamm oder Ästen.", "en": "Resin exudation from trunk or branches." }, "possible_causes": [ "gummosis", "frost_cracks", "bark_beetle_infestation", "fungal_infections" ], "first_checks": { "de": [ "Stelle des Harzaustritts auf Verletzungen oder Risse untersuchen.", "Rinde auf Bohrlöcher oder Pilzbefall prüfen." ], "en": [ "Examine the site of gum exudation for injuries or cracks.", "Check bark for boreholes or fungal infection." ] } }, { "symptom": { "de": "Blüten sind braun und vertrocknet, fallen ab, keine Fruchtentwicklung.", "en": "Blossoms are brown and withered, fall off, no fruit development." }, "possible_causes": [ "late_frost_damage", "monilia_blossom_blight" ], "first_checks": { "de": [ "Wetterdaten der Blütezeit prüfen (Nachtfröste).", "Blüten auf Pilzsporen oder Verfärbungen untersuchen." ], "en": [ "Check weather data for flowering period (night frosts).", "Examine blossoms for fungal spores or discoloration." ] } }, { "symptom": { "de": "Trotz üppiger Blüte entwickeln sich nur wenige oder keine Früchte.", "en": "Despite abundant flowering, few or no fruits develop." }, "possible_causes": [ "poor_fruit_set", "late_frost_damage", "lack_of_pollination", "nutrient_deficiency", "water_stress" ], "first_checks": { "de": [ "Wetterbedingungen während der Blüte prüfen.", "Bienenaktivität beobachten.", "Boden auf Feuchtigkeit und Nährstoffe prüfen." ], "en": [ "Check weather conditions during flowering.", "Observe bee activity.", "Check soil for moisture and nutrients." ] } } ], "prevention_strategy": { "cultural": { "de": [ "Standortgerechte Sortenwahl (spätblühend in frostgefährdeten Lagen)", "Regelmäßiger Auslichtungsschnitt für gute Belüftung und Lichtverhältnisse", "Ausgewogene Düngung und Bewässerung zur Stärkung der Pflanze", "Förderung der Bodengesundheit durch Mulchen und organische Materialien" ], "en": [ "Site-appropriate variety selection (late-flowering in frost-prone areas)", "Regular thinning for good ventilation and light conditions", "Balanced fertilization and irrigation to strengthen the plant", "Promoting soil health through mulching and organic materials" ] }, "monitoring": { "de": [ "Regelmäßige Kontrolle auf erste Anzeichen von Schädlingen und Krankheiten, insbesondere an jungen Trieben, Blättern und Früchten.", "Einsatz von Pheromonfallen zur Überwachung des Pflaumenwicklers." ], "en": [ "Regular inspection for first signs of pests and diseases, especially on young shoots, leaves, and fruits.", "Use of pheromone traps for plum fruit moth monitoring." ] }, "organic_first_response": { "de": [ "Mechanische Entfernung von Schädlingen (Abspülen, Absammeln)", "Einsatz von Pflanzenstärkungsmitteln (z.B. Schachtelhalmbrühe)", "Anwendung von Neemöl oder Seifenlauge bei Schädlingsbefall", "Entfernung und fachgerechte Entsorgung befallener Pflanzenteile" ], "en": [ "Mechanical removal of pests (rinsing, hand-picking)", "Use of plant strengtheners (e.g., horsetail decoction)", "Application of neem oil or soapy water for pest infestations", "Removal and proper disposal of infected plant parts" ] }, "notes": { "de": "Ein gesunder, vitaler Baum ist am besten gegen Krankheiten und Schädlinge gewappnet. Vorbeugung ist immer besser als Bekämpfung.", "en": "A healthy, vigorous tree is best equipped to resist diseases and pests. Prevention is always better than cure." } } }, "phenology": { "stages": { "de": [ "Blüte (März-April)", "Fruchtansatz (April-Mai)", "Fruchtentwicklung (Mai-Juni)", "Fruchtreife (Juni-August)" ], "en": [ "Flowering (March-April)", "Fruit set (April-May)", "Fruit development (May-June)", "Fruit ripening (June-August)" ] }, "notes": { "de": "Die Kirschpflaume blüht sehr früh im Jahr, oft noch vor dem Laubaustrieb, was sie anfällig für Spätfröste macht. Die Früchte reifen gestaffelt über mehrere Wochen.", "en": "Cherry plum flowers very early in the year, often before leafing out, which makes it susceptible to late frosts. Fruits ripen progressively over several weeks." } }, "flowering_pollination": { "flowering_period": { "de": "März bis April", "en": "March to April" }, "flower_color": { "de": "Weiß", "en": "White" }, "flower_notes": { "de": "Die Blüten erscheinen vor den Blättern und sind oft sehr zahlreich, was den Baum im Frühjahr zu einem attraktiven Blickfang macht.", "en": "The blossoms appear before the leaves and are often very numerous, making the tree an attractive sight in spring." } }, "pollination": { "summary": { "de": "Die Kirschpflaume ist in der Regel selbstfruchtbar, der Ertrag kann jedoch durch Fremdbestäubung verbessert werden.", "en": "Cherry plum is generally self-fertile, but cross-pollination can improve yield." }, "pollinator_required": false, "self_fertility": "self_fertile", "pollinator_notes": { "de": "Bienen und andere Insekten sind wichtige Bestäuber. Das Anpflanzen von Bestäuber-freundlichen Pflanzen in der Nähe kann den Fruchtansatz fördern.", "en": "Bees and other insects are important pollinators. Planting pollinator-friendly plants nearby can promote fruit set." } }, "harvest": { "harvest_period": { "de": "Juni bis August", "en": "June to August" }, "harvest_method": { "de": "Handpflücke, da die Früchte gestaffelt reifen und leicht abfallen, wenn sie vollreif sind.", "en": "Hand-picking, as fruits ripen progressively and fall easily when fully ripe." }, "yield_per_plant": { "de": "10-50 kg pro Baum, je nach Alter und Sorte.", "en": "10-50 kg per tree, depending on age and variety." } }, "harvest_details": { "harvest_frequency": { "de": "Regelmäßig über einen Zeitraum von 2-4 Wochen, da die Früchte nicht gleichzeitig reifen.", "en": "Regularly over a period of 2-4 weeks, as fruits do not ripen simultaneously." }, "harvest_indicators": { "de": [ "Früchte sind weich und geben auf leichten Druck nach", "Lösen sich leicht vom Stiel", "Haben eine intensive Farbe (gelb, rot oder violett, je nach Sorte)", "Süß-säuerlicher Geruch" ], "en": [ "Fruits are soft and yield to gentle pressure", "Detach easily from the stem", "Have an intense color (yellow, red, or purple, depending on variety)", "Sweet-sour aroma" ] }, "post_harvest_handling": { "de": "Früchte vorsichtig behandeln, um Druckstellen zu vermeiden. Schnell kühlen und verarbeiten oder lagern.", "en": "Handle fruits carefully to avoid bruising. Cool quickly and process or store." } }, "storage": { "storage_duration": { "de": "Kurzfristig (wenige Tage)", "en": "Short-term (a few days)" }, "storage_conditions": { "de": "Kühl und dunkel, idealerweise im Kühlschrank.", "en": "Cool and dark, ideally in the refrigerator." } }, "storage_details": { "general_storage_category": { "de": "Kurzfristig", "en": "Short-term" }, "storage_life": { "de": "Bei Raumtemperatur 1-2 Tage, im Kühlschrank bis zu einer Woche.", "en": "1-2 days at room temperature, up to a week in the refrigerator." }, "processing_options": { "de": [ "Marmelade", "Gelee", "Saft", "Kompott", "Mus", "Trocknen", "Einfrieren", "Einlegen in Alkohol" ], "en": [ "Jam", "Jelly", "Juice", "Compote", "Fruit puree", "Drying", "Freezing", "Preserving in alcohol" ] } }, "processing_use": { "primary_uses": { "de": [ "Marmelade und Gelee", "Saft", "Kompott" ], "en": [ "Jam and jelly", "Juice", "Compote" ] }, "secondary_uses": { "de": [ "Obstkuchen", "Desserts", "Brandwein", "Fruchtwein", "Chutney" ], "en": [ "Fruit tarts", "Desserts", "Brandy", "Fruit wine", "Chutney" ] } }, "kitchen_usage": { "culinary_notes": { "de": "Die Kirschpflaume hat einen erfrischenden, süß-säuerlichen Geschmack, der je nach Reifegrad und Sorte variiert. Sie ist vielseitig in der Küche einsetzbar, sowohl roh als auch gekocht.", "en": "Cherry plum has a refreshing, sweet-tart flavor that varies with ripeness and variety. It is versatile in the kitchen, both raw and cooked." }, "flavor_profile": { "de": "Süß-säuerlich, aromatisch, manchmal leicht herb.", "en": "Sweet-tart, aromatic, sometimes slightly astringent." }, "texture_profile": { "de": "Saftiges, weiches Fruchtfleisch mit fester Schale.", "en": "Juicy, soft flesh with firm skin." }, "preparation_methods": { "de": [ "Roh verzehren", "Kochen (Marmelade, Kompott)", "Backen (Kuchen, Crumble)", "Entsaften" ], "en": [ "Eat raw", "Cooking (jam, compote)", "Baking (cakes, crumbles)", "Juicing" ] } }, "safety_and_edibility": { "edible_parts": { "de": [ "Fruchtfleisch" ], "en": [ "Fruit flesh" ] }, "inedible_or_caution_parts": { "de": [ "Samen (Kerne)" ], "en": [ "Seeds (pits)" ] }, "toxicity_notes": { "de": "Die Samen der Kirschpflaume enthalten geringe Mengen cyanogener Glykoside, die bei Verzehr in größeren Mengen Blausäure freisetzen können. Sie sollten nicht verzehrt werden.", "en": "Cherry plum seeds contain small amounts of cyanogenic glycosides, which can release hydrogen cyanide if consumed in large quantities. They should not be eaten." }, "raw_consumption": { "de": "Ja, reife Früchte können roh verzehrt werden.", "en": "Yes, ripe fruits can be eaten raw." } }, "animal_safety": { "schema_version": "1.0", "last_reviewed": "2026-06-01", "summary": { "de": "Die Datenlage ist je nach Tierart unterschiedlich; unbekannte Einträge sollten vor Fütterung oder freiem Zugang fachlich geprüft werden.", "en": "Evidence varies by animal; unknown entries should be reviewed before feeding or allowing access." }, "overall": { "highest_status": "unknown", "emergency_level": "unknown", "has_part_specific_risk": false, "has_unknowns": true, "human_review_recommended": true, "unknown_animals": [ "dog", "cat", "rabbit", "guinea_pig", "hamster", "budgie", "horse", "chicken", "duck", "goose", "sheep", "goat", "cattle", "pig" ] }, "animals": [ { "key": "dog", "label": { "de": "Hund", "en": "Dog" }, "status": "unknown", "risk_certainty": "unknown", "access_recommendation": "unknown", "feed_suitability": "unknown", "emergency_level": "unknown", "note": { "de": "Keine belastbare artspezifische Einstufung vorhanden.", "en": "No reliable species-specific assessment is available." }, "evidence": { "level": "insufficient", "source_basis": "unknown", "species_specific": false, "direct_veterinary_source": false, "source_count": 0 } }, { "key": "cat", "label": { "de": "Katze", "en": "Cat" }, "status": "unknown", "risk_certainty": "unknown", "access_recommendation": "unknown", "feed_suitability": "unknown", "emergency_level": "unknown", "note": { "de": "Keine belastbare artspezifische Einstufung vorhanden.", "en": "No reliable species-specific assessment is available." }, "evidence": { "level": "insufficient", "source_basis": "unknown", "species_specific": false, "direct_veterinary_source": false, "source_count": 0 } }, { "key": "rabbit", "label": { "de": "Kaninchen", "en": "Rabbit" }, "status": "unknown", "risk_certainty": "unknown", "access_recommendation": "unknown", "feed_suitability": "unknown", "emergency_level": "unknown", "note": { "de": "Keine belastbare artspezifische Einstufung vorhanden.", "en": "No reliable species-specific assessment is available." }, "evidence": { "level": "insufficient", "source_basis": "unknown", "species_specific": false, "direct_veterinary_source": false, "source_count": 0 } }, { "key": "guinea_pig", "label": { "de": "Meerschweinchen", "en": "Guinea pig" }, "status": "unknown", "risk_certainty": "unknown", "access_recommendation": "unknown", "feed_suitability": "unknown", "emergency_level": "unknown", "note": { "de": "Keine belastbare artspezifische Einstufung vorhanden.", "en": "No reliable species-specific assessment is available." }, "evidence": { "level": "insufficient", "source_basis": "unknown", "species_specific": false, "direct_veterinary_source": false, "source_count": 0 } }, { "key": "hamster", "label": { "de": "Hamster", "en": "Hamster" }, "status": "unknown", "risk_certainty": "unknown", "access_recommendation": "unknown", "feed_suitability": "unknown", "emergency_level": "unknown", "note": { "de": "Keine belastbare artspezifische Einstufung vorhanden.", "en": "No reliable species-specific assessment is available." }, "evidence": { "level": "insufficient", "source_basis": "unknown", "species_specific": false, "direct_veterinary_source": false, "source_count": 0 } }, { "key": "budgie", "label": { "de": "Wellensittich", "en": "Budgie" }, "status": "unknown", "risk_certainty": "unknown", "access_recommendation": "unknown", "feed_suitability": "unknown", "emergency_level": "unknown", "note": { "de": "Keine belastbare artspezifische Einstufung vorhanden.", "en": "No reliable species-specific assessment is available." }, "evidence": { "level": "insufficient", "source_basis": "unknown", "species_specific": false, "direct_veterinary_source": false, "source_count": 0 } }, { "key": "horse", "label": { "de": "Pferd", "en": "Horse" }, "status": "unknown", "risk_certainty": "unknown", "access_recommendation": "unknown", "feed_suitability": "unknown", "emergency_level": "unknown", "note": { "de": "Keine belastbare artspezifische Einstufung vorhanden.", "en": "No reliable species-specific assessment is available." }, "evidence": { "level": "insufficient", "source_basis": "unknown", "species_specific": false, "direct_veterinary_source": false, "source_count": 0 } }, { "key": "chicken", "label": { "de": "Huhn", "en": "Chicken" }, "status": "unknown", "risk_certainty": "unknown", "access_recommendation": "unknown", "feed_suitability": "unknown", "emergency_level": "unknown", "note": { "de": "Keine belastbare artspezifische Einstufung vorhanden.", "en": "No reliable species-specific assessment is available." }, "evidence": { "level": "insufficient", "source_basis": "unknown", "species_specific": false, "direct_veterinary_source": false, "source_count": 0 } }, { "key": "duck", "label": { "de": "Ente", "en": "Duck" }, "status": "unknown", "risk_certainty": "unknown", "access_recommendation": "unknown", "feed_suitability": "unknown", "emergency_level": "unknown", "note": { "de": "Keine belastbare artspezifische Einstufung vorhanden.", "en": "No reliable species-specific assessment is available." }, "evidence": { "level": "insufficient", "source_basis": "unknown", "species_specific": false, "direct_veterinary_source": false, "source_count": 0 } }, { "key": "goose", "label": { "de": "Gans", "en": "Goose" }, "status": "unknown", "risk_certainty": "unknown", "access_recommendation": "unknown", "feed_suitability": "unknown", "emergency_level": "unknown", "note": { "de": "Keine belastbare artspezifische Einstufung vorhanden.", "en": "No reliable species-specific assessment is available." }, "evidence": { "level": "insufficient", "source_basis": "unknown", "species_specific": false, "direct_veterinary_source": false, "source_count": 0 } }, { "key": "sheep", "label": { "de": "Schaf", "en": "Sheep" }, "status": "unknown", "risk_certainty": "unknown", "access_recommendation": "unknown", "feed_suitability": "unknown", "emergency_level": "unknown", "note": { "de": "Keine belastbare artspezifische Einstufung vorhanden.", "en": "No reliable species-specific assessment is available." }, "evidence": { "level": "insufficient", "source_basis": "unknown", "species_specific": false, "direct_veterinary_source": false, "source_count": 0 } }, { "key": "goat", "label": { "de": "Ziege", "en": "Goat" }, "status": "unknown", "risk_certainty": "unknown", "access_recommendation": "unknown", "feed_suitability": "unknown", "emergency_level": "unknown", "note": { "de": "Keine belastbare artspezifische Einstufung vorhanden.", "en": "No reliable species-specific assessment is available." }, "evidence": { "level": "insufficient", "source_basis": "unknown", "species_specific": false, "direct_veterinary_source": false, "source_count": 0 } }, { "key": "cattle", "label": { "de": "Rind", "en": "Cattle" }, "status": "unknown", "risk_certainty": "unknown", "access_recommendation": "unknown", "feed_suitability": "unknown", "emergency_level": "unknown", "note": { "de": "Keine belastbare artspezifische Einstufung vorhanden.", "en": "No reliable species-specific assessment is available." }, "evidence": { "level": "insufficient", "source_basis": "unknown", "species_specific": false, "direct_veterinary_source": false, "source_count": 0 } }, { "key": "pig", "label": { "de": "Schwein", "en": "Pig" }, "status": "unknown", "risk_certainty": "unknown", "access_recommendation": "unknown", "feed_suitability": "unknown", "emergency_level": "unknown", "note": { "de": "Keine belastbare artspezifische Einstufung vorhanden.", "en": "No reliable species-specific assessment is available." }, "evidence": { "level": "insufficient", "source_basis": "unknown", "species_specific": false, "direct_veterinary_source": false, "source_count": 0 } } ] }, "seed_saving": { "seed_saving_possible": true, "method": { "de": "Samen aus reifen Früchten entnehmen, gründlich reinigen und trocknen. Anschließend einer Kaltstratifikation unterziehen.", "en": "Extract seeds from ripe fruits, clean thoroughly, and dry. Then subject to cold stratification." }, "notes": { "de": "Die Keimung kann unregelmäßig sein und erfordert Geduld. Die Kirschpflaume ist oft wurzelecht, aber Sorten sind meist veredelt.", "en": "Germination can be erratic and requires patience. Cherry plum often grows true from seed, but cultivated varieties are usually grafted." } }, "seed_saving_advanced": { "stratification_required": true, "stratification_method": { "de": "Kalt-feuchte Stratifikation für 2-4 Monate bei 1-5°C (z.B. in feuchtem Sand im Kühlschrank).", "en": "Cold-moist stratification for 2-4 months at 1-5°C (e.g., in moist sand in the refrigerator)." }, "germination_notes": { "de": "Nach der Stratifikation im Frühjahr aussäen. Die Keimung kann mehrere Wochen bis Monate dauern und ist oft nicht synchron.", "en": "Sow in spring after stratification. Germination can take several weeks to months and is often not synchronous." } }, "varieties": [ { "slug": "myrobalan", "name": { "de": "Wildform (Myrobalane)", "en": "Wild type (Myrobalan)" }, "description": { "de": "Die ursprüngliche Form der Kirschpflaume, oft als Unterlage verwendet, aber auch für ihre kleinen, aromatischen Früchte geschätzt. Sehr robust und wüchsig.", "en": "The original form of cherry plum, often used as rootstock, but also valued for its small, aromatic fruits. Very robust and vigorous." }, "fruit_color": { "de": "Gelb, Rot, Violett", "en": "Yellow, Red, Purple" }, "ripening_time": { "de": "Juni bis August", "en": "June to August" }, "self_fertile": true, "pollinator_required": false, "notes": { "de": "Sehr anpassungsfähig und frosthart. Früchte sind ideal für Marmelade und Saft.", "en": "Very adaptable and frost-hardy. Fruits are ideal for jam and juice." } }, { "slug": "pissardii", "name": { "de": "Pissardii (Blutpflaume)", "en": "Pissardii (Purple-leaf plum)" }, "description": { "de": "Bekannte Ziersorte mit dunkelrotem Laub und rosa Blüten. Die Früchte sind klein, dunkelrot und essbar, aber oft weniger aromatisch als die Wildform.", "en": "Well-known ornamental variety with dark red foliage and pink blossoms. Fruits are small, dark red, and edible, but often less aromatic than the wild type." }, "fruit_color": { "de": "Dunkelrot bis Violett", "en": "Dark red to purple" }, "ripening_time": { "de": "Juli bis August", "en": "July to August" }, "self_fertile": true, "pollinator_required": false, "notes": { "de": "Primär als Ziergehölz gepflanzt, die Früchte sind eine willkommene Zugabe. Attraktiver Kontrast im Garten.", "en": "Primarily planted as an ornamental tree, the fruits are a welcome bonus. Provides attractive contrast in the garden." } }, { "slug": "hollywood", "name": { "de": "Hollywood", "en": "Hollywood" }, "description": { "de": "Eine Sorte, die sowohl für ihr attraktives rötliches Laub als auch für ihre mittelgroßen, roten Früchte geschätzt wird. Guter Fruchtansatz.", "en": "A variety valued for both its attractive reddish foliage and its medium-sized, red fruits. Good fruit set." }, "fruit_color": { "de": "Rot", "en": "Red" }, "ripening_time": { "de": "Juli", "en": "July" }, "self_fertile": true, "pollinator_required": false, "notes": { "de": "Kombiniert Zierwert mit gutem Fruchtertrag. Früchte sind süß-säuerlich.", "en": "Combines ornamental value with good fruit yield. Fruits are sweet-tart." } } ], "rootstocks": [ { "slug": "prunus_cerasifera_myrobalan", "name": { "de": "Prunus cerasifera (Myrobalane)", "en": "Prunus cerasifera (Myrobalan)" }, "description": { "de": "Die Kirschpflaume selbst ist eine sehr häufige und robuste Unterlage für Pflaumen, Mirabellen, Aprikosen und Pfirsiche. Sie ist starkwüchsig und anpassungsfähig an verschiedene Böden.", "en": "Cherry plum itself is a very common and robust rootstock for plums, mirabelles, apricots, and peaches. It is vigorous and adaptable to various soils." }, "vigor": "vigorous", "compatibility": { "de": [ "Pflaume", "Mirabelle", "Aprikose", "Pfirsich" ], "en": [ "Plum", "Mirabelle", "Apricot", "Peach" ] }, "soil_adaptability": { "de": "Breit, auch anspruchslosere Böden", "en": "Broad, including less demanding soils" }, "notes": { "de": "Führt zu großen Bäumen mit hoher Lebenserwartung und Ertrag. Gut für Streuobstwiesen und Hausgärten mit ausreichend Platz.", "en": "Results in large trees with high life expectancy and yield. Good for traditional orchards and home gardens with sufficient space." } }, { "slug": "st_julien_a", "name": { "de": "St. Julien A", "en": "St. Julien A" }, "description": { "de": "Eine mittelstark wachsende Unterlage, die für Pflaumen, Mirabellen und Aprikosen verwendet wird. Sie ist auch für Kirschpflaumen geeignet, wenn ein kleinerer Baum gewünscht wird.", "en": "A semi-vigorous rootstock used for plums, mirabelles, and apricots. It is also suitable for cherry plums if a smaller tree is desired." }, "vigor": "semi_vigorous", "compatibility": { "de": [ "Pflaume", "Mirabelle", "Aprikose", "Kirschpflaume" ], "en": [ "Plum", "Mirabelle", "Apricot", "Cherry plum" ] }, "soil_adaptability": { "de": "Breit, bevorzugt gut durchlässig", "en": "Broad, prefers well-drained" }, "notes": { "de": "Fördert frühe Erträge und ist gut für Busch- und Halbstammformen. Benötigt oft einen Stützpfahl in den ersten Jahren.", "en": "Promotes early yields and is good for bush and half-standard forms. Often requires a stake in the first few years." } } ], "woody_crop_details": { "training_systems_to_research": [ "bush_tree", "half_standard", "standard_tree", "fan_training" ], "rootstock_relevance": "high", "renewal_pruning_relevance": "high", "notes": { "de": "Die Kirschpflaume ist ein vielseitiges Gehölz, das sowohl als großer Strauch als auch als Baum kultiviert werden kann. Die Wahl der Unterlage und des Erziehungssystems beeinflusst maßgeblich Größe, Wuchsform und Ertrag.", "en": "Cherry plum is a versatile woody plant that can be cultivated as a large shrub or a tree. The choice of rootstock and training system significantly influences size, growth habit, and yield." } }, "pruning_logic": { "scope": "fruit_production", "system": "mixed_pruning", "remove": { "de": [ "Totes, krankes oder beschädigtes Holz", "Sich kreuzende oder reibende Äste", "Nach innen wachsende Triebe", "Wassertriebe (steile, kräftige Triebe ohne Blütenknospen)", "Altes, wenig produktives Fruchtholz", "Triebe, die den Baum zu dicht machen und die Belüftung behindern" ], "en": [ "Dead, diseased, or damaged wood", "Crossing or rubbing branches", "Inward-growing shoots", "Water shoots (vigorous, upright shoots without flower buds)", "Old, less productive fruiting wood", "Shoots that make the tree too dense and hinder ventilation" ] }, "preserve": { "de": [ "Gut positionierte Leitäste und Seitenäste", "Junges Fruchtholz (einjährige Triebe und kurze Fruchtspieße)", "Triebe, die zur gewünschten Kronenform beitragen", "Ausreichend Abstand zwischen den Ästen für gute Licht- und Luftzirkulation" ], "en": [ "Well-positioned scaffold and lateral branches", "Young fruiting wood (one-year-old shoots and short fruit spurs)", "Shoots that contribute to the desired crown shape", "Sufficient space between branches for good light and air circulation" ] }, "avoid": { "de": [ "Große Schnittwunden, besonders im Herbst und Winter (erhöhtes Risiko für Gummifluss und Pilzkrankheiten)", "Schnitt bei feuchtem Wetter (fördert Pilzinfektionen)", "Übermäßiger Schnitt, der den Baum schwächt", "Das Entfernen von zu viel jungem Fruchtholz" ], "en": [ "Large pruning wounds, especially in autumn and winter (increased risk of gummosis and fungal diseases)", "Pruning in wet weather (promotes fungal infections)", "Excessive pruning that weakens the tree", "Removing too much young fruiting wood" ] }, "timing_rules": [ { "season": "winter", "months": [ 2, 3 ], "purpose": { "de": "Erziehungs- und Formschnitt, stärkere Korrekturen", "en": "Formative and shaping pruning, major corrections" }, "notes": { "de": "Vor dem Austrieb, an frostfreien Tagen. Fördert kräftiges Wachstum im Frühjahr. Bei Prunus-Arten mit Vorsicht anwenden, um Krankheiten zu minimieren.", "en": "Before bud break, on frost-free days. Promotes vigorous growth in spring. Use with caution for Prunus species to minimize diseases." } }, { "season": "summer", "months": [ 7, 8 ], "purpose": { "de": "Auslichtung, Korrektur, Reduzierung des Wachstums, Förderung der Fruchtreife", "en": "Thinning, correction, growth reduction, promoting fruit ripening" }, "notes": { "de": "Nach der Ernte. Reduziert das Risiko von Gummifluss und Silberblattkrankheit. Fördert die Bildung von Blütenknospen für das nächste Jahr.", "en": "After harvest. Reduces the risk of gummosis and silver leaf disease. Promotes the formation of flower buds for the following year." } } ], "cut_location_rules": { "de": [ "Immer einen sauberen Schnitt mit scharfem Werkzeug machen.", "Äste direkt am Astring entfernen, ohne diesen zu verletzen.", "Triebe über einer nach außen zeigenden Knospe oder einem Seitenast schneiden.", "Keine Stummel stehen lassen." ], "en": [ "Always make a clean cut with sharp tools.", "Remove branches flush with the branch collar, without damaging it.", "Cut shoots above an outward-facing bud or lateral branch.", "Avoid leaving stubs." ] }, "tool_hygiene": { "de": "Verwenden Sie immer scharfe und saubere Schnittwerkzeuge. Desinfizieren Sie die Werkzeuge zwischen den Bäumen, um die Übertragung von Krankheiten zu vermeiden.", "en": "Always use sharp and clean pruning tools. Disinfect tools between trees to prevent the spread of diseases." }, "notes": { "de": "Die Kirschpflaume ist relativ schnittverträglich, aber ein fachgerechter Schnitt ist entscheidend für Gesundheit und Ertrag. Besonders bei Prunus-Arten ist der Sommerschnitt dem Winterschnitt oft vorzuziehen, um das Risiko von Pilzkrankheiten zu minimieren.", "en": "Cherry plum is relatively tolerant to pruning, but proper pruning is crucial for health and yield. Especially for Prunus species, summer pruning is often preferable to winter pruning to minimize the risk of fungal diseases." } }, "pruning_training": [ { "slug": "formative_pruning_young_trees", "name": { "de": "Erziehungsschnitt (Jungbäume)", "en": "Formative Pruning (Young Trees)" }, "purpose": { "de": "Aufbau einer stabilen, gut verzweigten Krone mit optimaler Lichtdurchdringung und Fruchtansatz.", "en": "Building a stable, well-branched crown with optimal light penetration and fruit set." }, "method": { "de": "Im ersten Jahr nach der Pflanzung den Mitteltrieb einkürzen und 3-4 Leitäste auswählen, die in einem guten Winkel stehen. Diese ebenfalls einkürzen. In den Folgejahren die Leitäste weiter aufbauen und Konkurrenztriebe entfernen.", "en": "In the first year after planting, shorten the central leader and select 3-4 scaffold branches at good angles, shortening them as well. In subsequent years, continue to build the scaffold branches and remove competing shoots." }, "timing": { "de": "Später Winter (Februar/März) vor dem Austrieb.", "en": "Late winter (February/March) before bud break." }, "notes": { "de": "Wichtig für eine langfristig gesunde und ertragreiche Baumstruktur. Fördert die Bildung von Fruchtholz.", "en": "Important for a long-term healthy and productive tree structure. Promotes the formation of fruiting wood." } }, { "slug": "maintenance_pruning_mature_trees", "name": { "de": "Erhaltungsschnitt (Ältere Bäume)", "en": "Maintenance Pruning (Mature Trees)" }, "purpose": { "de": "Erhalt der Kronenform, Förderung des Fruchtholzes, Entfernung von totem oder krankem Holz und Auslichtung für bessere Belüftung und Licht.", "en": "Maintaining crown shape, promoting fruiting wood, removing dead or diseased wood, and thinning for better ventilation and light." }, "method": { "de": "Entfernen von abgestorbenen, kranken oder sich kreuzenden Ästen. Wassertriebe und nach innen wachsende Äste entfernen. Altes Fruchtholz, das weniger trägt, durch jüngeres ersetzen (Verjüngungsschnitt).", "en": "Remove dead, diseased, or crossing branches. Remove water shoots and inward-growing branches. Replace old, less productive fruiting wood with younger wood (renewal pruning)." }, "timing": { "de": "Sommer (Juli/August) nach der Ernte oder später Winter (Februar/März). Sommerschnitt ist schonender und reduziert das Risiko von Gummifluss.", "en": "Summer (July/August) after harvest or late winter (February/March). Summer pruning is gentler and reduces the risk of gummosis." }, "notes": { "de": "Regelmäßiger Schnitt hält den Baum vital und ertragreich. Bei Prunus-Arten ist Sommerschnitt oft vorteilhafter, um Pilzkrankheiten wie die Silberblattkrankheit zu vermeiden.", "en": "Regular pruning keeps the tree vital and productive. For Prunus species, summer pruning is often more advantageous to avoid fungal diseases like silver leaf disease." } } ], "ecology": { "pollinator_value": "high", "wildlife_value": "high", "biodiversity_notes": { "de": "Die frühe und reiche Blüte der Kirschpflaume ist eine wichtige Nahrungsquelle für Bienen und andere früh fliegende Insekten. Die Früchte dienen vielen Vogelarten und kleinen Säugetieren als Nahrung. Der Baum bietet zudem Nistplätze und Unterschlupf.", "en": "The early and abundant blossoms of the cherry plum are an important food source for bees and other early-flying insects. The fruits serve as food for many bird species and small mammals. The tree also provides nesting sites and shelter." } }, "slug": "kirschpflaume", "sources": [ { "title": "Wikidata entity", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146951", "publisher": "Wikidata", "date_accessed": "2026-05-13" }, { "title": "GBIF species match", "url": "https://api.gbif.org/v1/species/match?name=Prunus%20cerasifera&kingdom=Plantae", "publisher": "GBIF", "date_accessed": "2026-05-13" }, { "title": "Deutschsprachige Wikipedia: Kirschpflaume", "url": "https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirschpflaume", "publisher": "Wikipedia", "date_accessed": "2026-05-13" }, { "title": "English Wikipedia: Prunus cerasifera", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prunus_cerasifera", "publisher": "Wikipedia", "date_accessed": "2026-05-13" } ] }