{ "names": { "common": { "de": "Gurke", "en": "Cucumber" }, "plural": { "de": "Gurken", "en": "Cucumbers" }, "botanical": "Cucumis sativus", "botanical_author": "L.", "scientific_synonyms": [ "Cucumis esculentus", "Cucumis muricatus", "Cucumis sativus f. albus", "Cucumis sativus var. vulgatus" ], "synonyms": { "de": [ "Gartengurke", "Salatgurke", "Kukumer" ], "en": [ "Slicing cucumber", "Pickling cucumber", "Gherkin" ] }, "common_synonyms": { "de": [ "Einlegegurke", "Gewürzgurke", "Schlangengurke" ], "en": [ "Cuke", "Green cucumber" ] }, "regional_names": { "de": [ "Umurken", "Kümmerling" ] }, "historical_names": { "de": [ "Cucumern" ] }, "market_names": { "de": [ "Salatgurke", "Einlegegurke" ], "en": [ "English cucumber", "Persian cucumber" ] }, "misspellings": { "de": [ "Gurcke" ] }, "international_names": { "fr": [ "Concombre" ], "es": [ "Pepino" ], "it": [ "Cetriolo" ], "pl": [ "Ogórek" ] }, "ambiguous_names": [ { "name": "Gurke", "language": "de", "shared_with": [ "Dill" ], "clarification": { "de": "Dill wird oft als 'Gurkenkraut' bezeichnet.", "en": "Dill is often referred to as 'Cucumber herb' (Gurkenkraut) in German." } } ], "search_terms": { "de": [ "Gurke säen", "Salatgurke Pflege" ], "en": [ "Cucumber seeds", "Cucumber varieties" ] } }, "taxonomy": { "kingdom": "Plantae", "clades": [ "Tracheophyta", "Angiospermae", "Eudicotyledonae", "Rosidae" ], "order": "Cucurbitales", "family_botanical": "Cucurbitaceae", "family": { "de": "Kürbisgewächse", "en": "Gourd family" }, "family_id": "cucurbitaceae", "genus": "Cucumis", "species": "Cucumis sativus", "hybrid_status": "not_hybrid", "related_crops": [ "Cucumis melo", "Citrullus lanatus", "Cucurbita pepo" ] }, "classification": { "main_group": "Vegetables", "sub_group": "Fruit vegetables", "crop_group": "Cucurbits", "life_cycle": "Annual", "perennial": false, "woody": false, "tree": false, "shrub": false, "edible_parts": { "de": [ "Frucht" ], "en": [ "Fruit" ] }, "nutrient_group": "Heavy feeder" }, "calendar": { "sowing_indoor": { "months": [ 3, 4 ], "earliest_month": 3, "latest_month": 4, "notes": { "de": "Vorzucht in Töpfen bei ca. 20-25°C.", "en": "Pre-culture in pots at approx. 20-25°C." } }, "sowing_outdoor": { "months": [ 5, 6 ], "earliest_month": 5, "latest_month": 6, "notes": { "de": "Direktsaat erst nach den Eisheiligen bei erwärmtem Boden.", "en": "Direct sowing only after the last frost once soil has warmed." } }, "planting_out": { "months": [ 5, 6 ], "earliest_month": 5, "latest_month": 6, "notes": { "de": "Auspflanzen nach dem letzten Frost; extrem kälteempfindlich.", "en": "Planting out after the last frost; extremely sensitive to cold." } }, "harvest": { "months": [ 7, 8, 9, 10 ], "earliest_month": 7, "latest_month": 10, "notes": { "de": "Regelmäßige Ernte fördert den weiteren Fruchtansatz.", "en": "Regular harvesting encourages further fruit production." } }, "month_tasks": { "3": [ { "de": "Saatgut und Zubehör für die Vorzucht vorbereiten.", "en": "Prepare seeds and supplies for indoor sowing." } ], "4": [ { "de": "Beginn der Vorzucht im Haus.", "en": "Start indoor pre-culture." } ], "5": [ { "de": "Abhärten der Jungpflanzen und Auspflanzen nach Mitte Mai.", "en": "Hardening off seedlings and planting out after mid-May." } ], "6": [ { "de": "Rankhilfen anbringen und regelmäßig gießen.", "en": "Install climbing supports and water regularly." } ], "7": [ { "de": "Haupterntezeit; auf Mehltau kontrollieren.", "en": "Main harvest season; check for powdery mildew." } ], "8": [ { "de": "Weiterhin regelmäßig ernten und düngen.", "en": "Continue regular harvesting and fertilization." } ], "9": [ { "de": "Letzte Früchte vor den ersten Nachtfrösten ernten.", "en": "Harvest remaining fruits before the first night frosts." } ], "10": [ { "de": "Pflanzenreste entfernen und Beete für Winter vorbereiten.", "en": "Remove plant debris and prepare beds for winter." } ] }, "month_tasks_structured": { "4": [ { "task": "sowing", "label": { "de": "Aussaat im Haus", "en": "Indoor sowing" }, "priority": "high", "months": [ 4 ], "condition": "warm_indoor", "estimated_effort": "low", "notes": { "de": "2 Samen pro Topf, später den schwächeren Keimling entfernen.", "en": "2 seeds per pot, later remove the weaker seedling." } } ], "5": [ { "task": "planting", "label": { "de": "Auspflanzen", "en": "Planting out" }, "priority": "high", "months": [ 5 ], "condition": "frost_free", "estimated_effort": "medium", "notes": { "de": "Vorsicht beim Wurzelballen, Gurken hassen Wurzelstörungen.", "en": "Careful with the root ball; cucumbers hate root disturbance." } } ] } }, "book_content": { "intro_text": { "de": "Die Gurke (Cucumis sativus) ist ein unverzichtbarer Klassiker im Sommergarten, geschätzt für ihre wasserreichen, erfrischenden Früchte und ihr enormes Wachstumstempo.", "en": "The cucumber (Cucumis sativus) is an indispensable summer garden classic, prized for its hydrating, refreshing fruits and its immense growth rate." }, "history_context": { "de": "Ursprünglich aus Indien stammend, verbreitete sich die Gurke über die Antike nach Europa und wurde 2019/2020 zum Gemüse des Jahres gewählt.", "en": "Originally from India, the cucumber spread to Europe via antiquity and was named Vegetable of the Year in 2019/2020." } }, "structured_month_tasks": { "4": [ { "task": "sowing", "label": { "de": "Aussaat im Haus", "en": "Indoor sowing" }, "priority": "high", "months": [ 4 ], "condition": "warm_indoor", "estimated_effort": "low", "notes": { "de": "Einzeltöpfe verwenden, um Umtopfstress zu minimieren.", "en": "Use individual pots to minimize repotting stress." } } ], "7": [ { "task": "harvest", "label": { "de": "Ernte", "en": "Harvest" }, "priority": "medium", "months": [ 7, 8 ], "condition": "ready_for_harvest", "estimated_effort": "low", "notes": { "de": "Früchte nicht zu groß werden lassen, da sie sonst bitter werden.", "en": "Do not let fruits grow too large to avoid bitterness." } } ] }, "cultivation_specs": { "seed": { "seed_depth_cm_min": 1.0, "seed_depth_cm_max": 2.0, "light_germinator": false, "dark_germinator": true, "cold_germinator": false, "stratification_needed": false, "pre_soaking_recommended": true, "germination_temp_c_min": 20.0, "germination_temp_c_max": 28.0, "germination_days_min": 5, "germination_days_max": 12, "seed_lifespan_years_min": 3, "seed_lifespan_years_max": 6, "direct_sowing_possible": true, "pre_culture_recommended": true }, "spacing": { "plant_spacing_cm_min": 30.0, "plant_spacing_cm_max": 50.0, "row_spacing_cm_min": 60.0, "row_spacing_cm_max": 100.0, "recommended_density_per_sqm_min": 2.0, "recommended_density_per_sqm_max": 3.0, "min_bed_width_cm": 100.0, "square_foot_gardening_spacing": "1 plant per square", "spacing_notes": { "de": "Engere Pflanzung bei vertikaler Kultur möglich.", "en": "Tighter spacing possible with vertical cultivation." } }, "growth_dimensions": { "height_cm_min": 150.0, "height_cm_max": 300.0, "width_cm_min": 40.0, "width_cm_max": 60.0, "root_depth_cm_min": 20.0, "root_depth_cm_max": 40.0, "root_spread_cm_min": 30.0, "root_spread_cm_max": 50.0, "growth_speed": "very_fast", "final_size_notes": { "de": "Kletternde Sorten erreichen beachtliche Höhen an Rankgittern.", "en": "Climbing varieties reach significant heights on trellises." } }, "temperature": { "min_growing_temp_c": 12.0, "optimal_temp_c_min": 18.0, "optimal_temp_c_max": 25.0, "max_heat_tolerance_c": 35.0, "soil_temp_for_sowing_c_min": 15.0, "soil_temp_for_sowing_c_optimal": 20.0, "frost_sensitive": true, "late_frost_sensitive": true, "heat_tolerance": "high", "cold_tolerance": "very_low", "temperature_notes": { "de": "Wachstumsstopp unter 12°C; Kälteschock droht bei kaltem Gießwasser.", "en": "Growth stops below 12°C; cold shock risk from cold irrigation water." } }, "water": { "water_need": "high", "critical_water_phases": { "de": [ "Blütezeit", "Fruchtbildung" ], "en": [ "Flowering", "Fruit development" ] }, "drought_tolerant": false, "drought_sensitivity": "high", "waterlogging_sensitive": true, "mulching_recommended": true, "water_notes": { "de": "Immer mit temperiertem Wasser gießen, niemals direkt über die Blätter.", "en": "Always water with tempered water, never directly over the leaves." } }, "nutrition": { "nutrient_group": "heavy_feeder", "heavy_feeder": true, "medium_feeder": false, "light_feeder": false, "nitrogen_need": "high", "phosphorus_need": "medium", "potassium_need": "high", "calcium_need": "medium", "magnesium_need": "medium", "compost_recommended": true, "mulching_recommended": true, "fertilizer_sensitivity": "medium", "nutrition_notes": { "de": "Dankbar für reichlich Kompost und regelmäßige Flüssigdüngung.", "en": "Benefits from plenty of compost and regular liquid fertilization." } }, "container": { "container_suitable": true, "min_pot_volume_l": 20.0, "recommended_pot_volume_l": 40.0, "min_pot_depth_cm": 30.0, "min_pot_diameter_cm": 35.0, "plants_per_container_min": 1.0, "plants_per_container_max": 1.0, "drainage_required": true, "repotting_needed": false, "container_notes": { "de": "Kompakte Sorten wählen; hoher Wasserbedarf im Kübel.", "en": "Choose compact varieties; high water demand in containers." } }, "support": { "needs_support": true, "support_recommended": true, "climbing": true, "vining": true, "trellis_recommended": true, "support_types": [ "trellis", "string", "netting" ], "support_height_cm_min": 150.0, "support_height_cm_max": 250.0, "training_required": true, "support_notes": { "de": "Vertikaler Anbau reduziert Krankheitsrisiko durch bessere Belüftung.", "en": "Vertical growth reduces disease risk through better aeration." } }, "cultivation_modes": { "outdoor_bed_suitable": true, "raised_bed_suitable": true, "container_suitable": true, "balcony_suitable": true, "greenhouse_suitable": true, "polytunnel_suitable": true, "indoor_suitable": false, "windowsill_suitable": false, "hydroponic_possible": true, "permaculture_suitable": true, "no_dig_suitable": true }, "yield_density": { "yield_per_plant_min": 3.0, "yield_per_plant_max": 15.0, "yield_unit": "kg", "yield_per_sqm_min": 5.0, "yield_per_sqm_max": 20.0, "yield_reliability": "medium", "yield_notes": { "de": "Ertrag stark abhängig von Sorte (Salat- vs. Einlegegurke) und Standort.", "en": "Yield highly dependent on variety (slicing vs. pickling) and location." } } }, "site": { "exposure": { "de": "Sonnig und windgeschützt", "en": "Sunny and sheltered from wind" }, "microclimate": { "de": "Warm und luftfeucht (Gewächshaus ideal)", "en": "Warm and humid (greenhouse ideal)" } }, "soil": { "type": { "de": "Locker, humos und tiefgründig", "en": "Loose, humus-rich, and deep" }, "ph_optimal": "6.0 - 7.0", "soil_prep": { "de": "Viel Kompost oder gut verrotteten Mist einarbeiten.", "en": "Incorporate plenty of compost or well-rotted manure." } }, "watering": { "frequency": { "de": "Täglich, bei Hitze morgens und abends", "en": "Daily, in heat mornings and evenings" }, "water_quality": { "de": "Lauwarmes Regenwasser bevorzugt", "en": "Lukewarm rainwater preferred" } }, "nutrition": { "fertilization_strategy": { "de": "Grunddüngung mit Kompost, nach Fruchtansatz alle 2 Wochen Flüssigdünger.", "en": "Base fertilization with compost, then liquid fertilizer every 2 weeks after fruit set." } }, "cultivation_planning": { "succession_sowing": { "possible": true, "interval_days_min": 21, "interval_days_max": 30 }, "bed_planning_notes": { "de": "Gute Nachbarn: Dill, Bohnen, Erbsen, Salat. Schlechte Nachbarn: Tomaten, Kartoffeln.", "en": "Good neighbors: Dill, beans, peas, lettuce. Bad neighbors: Tomatoes, potatoes." }, "rotation_priority": "high", "interplanting_potential": "medium", "mechanization_relevance": "low" }, "crop_rotation": { "pause_years": 4, "preceding_crops": { "ideal": [ "Leguminosae", "Allium" ], "avoid": [ "Cucurbitaceae" ] }, "succeeding_crops": { "ideal": [ "Brassicaceae", "Chenopodiaceae" ], "avoid": [ "Cucurbitaceae" ] }, "notes": { "de": "Anbaupause von 4 Jahren einhalten, um Bodenmüdigkeit und Welkekrankheiten vorzubeugen.", "en": "Maintain a 4-year rotation gap to prevent soil exhaustion and wilt diseases." } }, "companion_planting": { "approach": "mixed_cropping", "good_neighbors": [ { "slug": "anethum-graveolens", "name": { "de": "Dill", "en": "Dill" }, "reason": { "de": "Fördert die Keimfähigkeit und zieht Nützlinge an.", "en": "Improves germination and attracts beneficial insects." }, "relationship_type": "beneficial" }, { "slug": "phaseolus-vulgaris", "name": { "de": "Buschbohnen", "en": "Bush beans" }, "reason": { "de": "Stickstofffixierung und ähnliche Standortansprüche.", "en": "Nitrogen fixation and similar site requirements." }, "relationship_type": "beneficial" } ], "bad_neighbors": [ { "slug": "solanum-lycopersicum", "name": { "de": "Tomate", "en": "Tomato" }, "reason": { "de": "Konkurrenz um Nährstoffe und unterschiedliche Luftfeuchtigkeitsbedürfnisse.", "en": "Competition for nutrients and differing humidity needs." }, "relationship_type": "antagonistic" }, { "slug": "solanum-tuberosum", "name": { "de": "Kartoffel", "en": "Potato" }, "reason": { "de": "Übertragung von Phytophthora-Arten möglich.", "en": "Possible transmission of Phytophthora species." }, "relationship_type": "antagonistic" } ], "companion_scores": [ { "target_slug": "anethum-graveolens", "score": 5, "reasons": [ "growth_stimulation", "pollinator_attraction" ] } ], "design_rules": { "de": [ "Nicht neben Starkzehrer mit hoher Krautbildung pflanzen.", "Vertikale Kultur nutzen, um Platz für niedrige Begleiter wie Salat zu schaffen." ], "en": [ "Avoid planting next to heavy feeders with dense foliage.", "Use vertical growing to create space for low-growing companions like lettuce." ] }, "notes": { "de": "Dill ist der klassische Begleiter für Gurken; beide profitieren voneinander.", "en": "Dill is the classic companion for cucumbers; both benefit from each other." } }, "deficiencies": [ { "slug": "nitrogen_deficiency", "name": { "de": "Stickstoffmangel", "en": "Nitrogen deficiency" }, "symptoms": { "de": "Hellgrüne bis gelbe Verfärbung der gesamten Pflanze.", "en": "Pale green to yellow discoloration of the entire plant." } } ], "problems": [ { "slug": "bitter_fruit", "name": { "de": "Bittere Früchte", "en": "Bitter fruits" }, "description": { "de": "Stressreaktion durch kaltes Gießwasser oder Trockenheit.", "en": "Stress reaction caused by cold irrigation water or drought." } } ], "problem_management": { "common_pest_groups": { "de": [ "Saugende Insekten", "Schnecken" ], "en": [ "Sucking insects", "Slugs" ] }, "common_disease_groups": { "de": [ "Mehltaupilze", "Welkekrankheiten" ], "en": [ "Mildew fungi", "Wilt diseases" ] }, "prevention_principles": { "de": [ "Verwendung von resistenten Sorten.", "Gießen nur mit abgestandenem, warmem Wasser.", "Ausreichende Belüftung im Gewächshaus sicherstellen." ], "en": [ "Use of resistant varieties.", "Water only with tempered, standing water.", "Ensure adequate ventilation in greenhouses." ] }, "diagnosis_notes": { "de": "Blattunterseiten regelmäßig auf Schädlinge kontrollieren.", "en": "Regularly check the undersides of leaves for pests." } }, "disease_graph": { "scope": "foliar_and_root", "profiles": [ { "slug": "powdery-mildew", "severity": "medium", "conditions": { "de": [ "Trocken-warme Witterung", "Schönwetterpilz" ], "en": [ "Dry and warm weather", "Fair-weather fungus" ] }, "affected_parts": { "de": [ "Blätter", "Stängel" ], "en": [ "Leaves", "Stems" ] }, "prevention": { "de": [ "Resistente Sorten wählen", "Pflanzabstand einhalten" ], "en": [ "Choose resistant varieties", "Maintain planting distance" ] }, "organic_control": { "de": [ "Milch-Wasser-Gemisch (1:8) spritzen", "Netzschwefel" ], "en": [ "Spray milk-water mixture (1:8)", "Wettable sulfur" ] } } ], "diagnostic_rules": [ { "symptom": { "de": "Plötzliche Welke bei feuchtem Boden", "en": "Sudden wilting despite moist soil" }, "possible_causes": [ "Fusarium", "Verticillium", "Root_rot" ], "first_checks": { "de": [ "Stängelbasis auf Fäulnis prüfen", "Wurzelgesundheit kontrollieren" ], "en": [ "Check stem base for rot", "Inspect root health" ] } } ], "prevention_strategy": { "cultural": { "de": [ "Fruchtfolge einhalten", "Mischkultur mit Dill" ], "en": [ "Observe crop rotation", "Companion planting with dill" ] }, "monitoring": { "de": [ "Wöchentliche Kontrolle der Triebspitzen" ], "en": [ "Weekly inspection of shoot tips" ] }, "organic_first_response": { "de": [ "Brennnesseljauche zur Stärkung", "Gelbsticker bei Weißen Fliegen" ], "en": [ "Nettle water for strengthening", "Yellow sticky traps for whiteflies" ] }, "notes": { "de": "Vorbeugung ist effektiver als Heilung bei Cucurbitaceen.", "en": "Prevention is more effective than cure for cucurbits." } } }, "phenology": { "stages": { "de": [ "Keimung", "Laubblattentwicklung", "Längenwachstum/Rankenbildung", "Blütenbildung", "Fruchtansatz", "Fruchtreife" ], "en": [ "Germination", "Leaf development", "Vine development/Climbing", "Flowering", "Fruit set", "Fruit ripening" ] }, "notes": { "de": "Sehr schnelles Wachstum bei warmen Temperaturen; Kurztagspflanze.", "en": "Very rapid growth in warm temperatures; short-day plant." } }, "flowering_pollination": { "flower_type": { "de": "Einhäusig getrenntgeschlechtig (monözisch), teils rein weiblich (gynözisch) bei Hybriden.", "en": "Monoecious, sometimes purely female (gynoecious) in hybrids." }, "flowering_period": { "de": "Juni bis September", "en": "June to September" } }, "pollination": { "summary": { "de": "Insektenbestäubung durch Bienen und Hummeln erforderlich, außer bei parthenokarpen Sorten.", "en": "Insect pollination by bees and bumblebees required, except for parthenocarpic varieties." }, "pollinator_required": true, "self_fertility": "self_fertile_monoecious", "pollinator_notes": { "de": "Parthenokarpe Gewächshaussorten benötigen keine Bestäubung und sollten vor Insekten geschützt werden, um Kernbildung zu vermeiden.", "en": "Parthenocarpic greenhouse varieties do not require pollination and should be protected from insects to prevent seed formation." } }, "harvest": { "season": { "de": "Juli bis Oktober", "en": "July to October" }, "yield_estimate": { "de": "3-15 kg pro Pflanze je nach Typ.", "en": "3-15 kg per plant depending on type." } }, "harvest_details": { "harvest_frequency": { "de": "Alle 2-3 Tage für kontinuierlichen Ertrag.", "en": "Every 2-3 days for continuous yield." }, "harvest_indicators": { "de": [ "Gewünschte Fruchtgröße erreicht", "Gleichmäßige Grünfärbung", "Schale glänzt leicht (Salatgurken)", "Stachelchen lassen sich leicht abstreifen (Einlegegurken)" ], "en": [ "Desired fruit size reached", "Uniform green color", "Skin has a slight sheen (Slicing cucumbers)", "Spines easily rub off (Pickling cucumbers)" ] }, "post_harvest_handling": { "de": "Mit Schere oder Messer vom Stiel trennen, nicht abreißen.", "en": "Separate from the stem with scissors or a knife; do not pull off." } }, "storage": { "temperature_c": 10.0, "humidity_percent": 90, "ethylene_sensitivity": "high" }, "storage_details": { "general_storage_category": { "de": "Kurzzeitlagerung (kühle Vorratskammer)", "en": "Short-term storage (cool pantry)" }, "storage_life": { "de": "7 bis 14 Tage bei 10-12°C.", "en": "7 to 14 days at 10-12°C." }, "processing_options": { "de": [ "Einlegen (Essiggurken)", "Fermentieren (Salzgurken)", "Senfgurken" ], "en": [ "Pickling (vinegar)", "Fermenting (brine)", "Mustard pickles" ] } }, "processing_use": { "main_methods": { "de": [ "Rohverzehr", "Konservieren" ], "en": [ "Raw consumption", "Preserving" ] } }, "kitchen_usage": { "culinary_notes": { "de": "Salatgurken meist roh; Einlegegurken nur verarbeitet. Schale kann bei Bio-Ware mitgegessen werden.", "en": "Slicing cucumbers mostly raw; pickling cucumbers only processed. Skin is edible on organic produce." } }, "safety_and_edibility": { "edible_parts": { "de": [ "Frucht", "Blüten" ], "en": [ "Fruit", "Flowers" ] }, "inedible_or_caution_parts": { "de": [ "Blätter (behaart/rau)", "Wurzeln" ], "en": [ "Leaves (hairy/rough)", "Roots" ] }, "toxicity_notes": { "de": "Vorsicht bei bitter schmeckenden Früchten; diese enthalten giftige Cucurbitacine und dürfen nicht verzehrt werden.", "en": "Caution with bitter-tasting fruits; these contain toxic cucurbitacins and must not be consumed." }, "raw_consumption": { "de": "Sehr gut geeignet; Klassiker für Salate und Kaltschalen.", "en": "Very well suited; classic for salads and cold soups." } }, "seed_saving": { "difficulty": "medium", "isolation_distance_m": 500.0, "extraction_method": "wet" }, "seed_saving_advanced": { "method_description": { "de": "Samenreife erst bei Überreife (gelbe/braune Frucht). Samen im Fruchtfleisch 2-3 Tage gären lassen, waschen und trocknen.", "en": "Seed maturity only at over-ripeness (yellow/brown fruit). Let seeds ferment in pulp for 2-3 days, wash, and dry." }, "crossing_risk": { "de": "Verkreuzung mit anderen Gurkensorten möglich, jedoch nicht mit Zucchini oder Kürbissen.", "en": "Crossing possible with other cucumber varieties, but not with zucchini or pumpkins." } }, "varieties": [ { "slug": "tanja", "name": { "de": "Tanja", "en": "Tanja" }, "type": "slicing_cucumber", "features": { "de": [ "Freilandgurke", "Bitterfrei", "Schlanke dunkelgrüne Früchte" ], "en": [ "Outdoor cucumber", "Bitter-free", "Slender dark green fruits" ] } }, { "slug": "vorgebirgstrauben", "name": { "de": "Vorgebirgstrauben", "en": "Vorgebirgstrauben" }, "type": "pickling_cucumber", "features": { "de": [ "Traditionelle Einlegegurke", "Sehr ertragreich", "Resistent gegen Mosaikvirus" ], "en": [ "Traditional pickling cucumber", "Very high yielding", "Resistant to mosaic virus" ] } } ], "rootstocks": { "recommended_stocks": [ { "scientific_name": "Cucurbita ficifolia", "name": { "de": "Feigenblattkürbis", "en": "Fig-leaf gourd" }, "reasons": { "de": [ "Kältetoleranz", "Resistenz gegen Fusarium-Welke" ], "en": [ "Cold tolerance", "Resistance to Fusarium wilt" ] } } ] }, "woody_crop_details": { "training_systems_to_research": [ "High-wire system", "Umbrella system", "Vertical trellis" ], "rootstock_relevance": "High for professional greenhouse production and soil-borne disease prevention.", "renewal_pruning_relevance": "Not applicable as an annual crop; focus is on vegetative balance during the season.", "notes": { "de": "Veredelung auf Kürbisunterlagen verbessert die Nährstoffaufnahme und Kälteresistenz im frühen Freilandanbau.", "en": "Grafting onto pumpkin rootstocks improves nutrient uptake and cold resistance in early outdoor cultivation." } }, "pruning_logic": { "scope": "seasonal_vegetative_pruning", "system": "modified_leader_vining", "remove": { "de": [ "Seitentriebe unterhalb von 50 cm Stammhöhe", "Gelbe oder kranke Blätter", "Überzählige Fruchtansätze bei Kleinfrüchtigen", "Männliche Blüten bei rein weiblich blühenden Gewächshaussorten" ], "en": [ "Side shoots below 50 cm stem height", "Yellow or diseased leaves", "Excess fruit sets on small-fruited types", "Male flowers on gynoecious greenhouse varieties" ] }, "preserve": { "de": [ "Haupttrieb bis zur maximalen Rankhöhe", "Gesunde Blätter zur Photosynthese", "Hauptstamm oberhalb der 50 cm Marke" ], "en": [ "Main leader up to maximum trellis height", "Healthy leaves for photosynthesis", "Main stem above the 50 cm mark" ] }, "avoid": { "de": [ "Verletzung des spröden Haupttriebs", "Schnitt bei nasser Witterung (Pilzgefahr)", "Zu starkes Entlauben bei Hitze (Sonnenbrandgefahr)" ], "en": [ "Damaging the brittle main stem", "Pruning during wet weather (fungal risk)", "Excessive defoliation during heat (sunburn risk)" ] }, "timing_rules": [ { "season": "summer", "months": [ 6, 7, 8 ], "purpose": { "de": "Wuchskontrolle und Ertragsoptimierung", "en": "Growth control and yield optimization" }, "notes": { "de": "Wöchentliches Ausgeizen der Seitentriebe erforderlich.", "en": "Weekly pinching out of side shoots required." } } ], "cut_location_rules": { "de": [ "Seitentriebe 1-2 cm nach dem Blattansatz kappen.", "Früchte immer mit sauberem Werkzeug am Stielansatz schneiden." ], "en": [ "Cut side shoots 1-2 cm after the leaf node.", "Always cut fruits at the stem attachment using clean tools." ] }, "intensity_rules": { "greenhouse": "high_maintenance", "outdoor": "minimal_to_moderate" }, "tool_hygiene": { "de": "Werkzeuge nach jeder Pflanze desinfizieren, um die Übertragung von Viren (z.B. Gurkenmosaikvirus) zu verhindern.", "en": "Disinfect tools after each plant to prevent the transmission of viruses (e.g., Cucumber Mosaic Virus)." }, "diagram_requirements": { "de": [ "Schema der Seitentriebkürzung", "Darstellung der 50-cm-stammfreien Zone" ], "en": [ "Diagram of side-shoot shortening", "Illustration of the 50 cm clear stem zone" ] }, "notes": { "de": "Bei Freiland-Einlegegurken wird oft gar nicht geschnitten, um den Boden zu beschatten.", "en": "Outdoor pickling cucumbers are often not pruned at all to allow for soil shading." } }, "pruning_training": { "main_stem_training": { "de": "Eintriebige Erziehung am Strick oder Gitter.", "en": "Single-stem training on a string or trellis." }, "lateral_shoot_management": { "de": "Seitentriebe nach dem ersten oder zweiten Fruchtansatz einkürzen.", "en": "Prune side shoots after the first or second fruit set." } }, "ecology": { "pollinator_value": "high", "wildlife_value": "medium", "biodiversity_notes": { "de": "Die großen gelben Blüten sind eine wichtige Nektarquelle für Bienen und Hummeln.", "en": "The large yellow flowers are an important nectar source for bees and bumblebees." } }, "practical_notes": { "pro_tip": { "de": "Niemals mit kaltem Leitungswasser gießen; dies verursacht Stress und bittere Früchte.", "en": "Never water with cold tap water; this causes stress and bitter fruits." }, "vertical_benefit": { "de": "Vertikaler Anbau spart Platz und beugt Echtem Mehltau vor.", "en": "Vertical growing saves space and prevents powdery mildew." } }, "seasonal_content": { "spring": { "de": "Vorzucht im Haus ab April vorbereiten.", "en": "Prepare indoor sowing starting in April." }, "summer": { "de": "Haupterntezeit und Mehltaukontrolle.", "en": "Main harvest time and mildew monitoring." } }, "slug": "gurke", "sources": [ { "title": "Wikidata entity", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23425", "publisher": "Wikidata", "date_accessed": "2026-05-13" }, { "title": "GBIF species match", "url": "https://api.gbif.org/v1/species/match?name=Cucumis%20sativus&kingdom=Plantae", "publisher": "GBIF", "date_accessed": "2026-05-13" }, { "title": "Deutschsprachige Wikipedia: Gurke", "url": "https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurke", "publisher": "Wikipedia", "date_accessed": "2026-05-13" }, { "title": "English Wikipedia: Cucumber", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cucumber", "publisher": "Wikipedia", "date_accessed": "2026-05-13" } ] }