{ "names": { "common": { "de": "Echte Feige", "en": "Common Fig" }, "plural": { "de": "Feigen", "en": "Figs" }, "botanical": "Ficus carica", "botanical_author": "L.", "scientific_synonyms": [ "Ficus communis Lam.", "Ficus hyrcana Bunnge" ], "synonyms": { "de": [ "Essbare Feige", "Feigenbaum" ], "en": [ "Edible fig", "Garden fig" ] }, "common_synonyms": { "de": [ "Feige" ], "en": [ "Fig" ] }, "international_names": { "fr": [ "Figuier commun" ], "es": [ "Higuera" ], "it": [ "Fico comune" ], "pl": [ "Figowiec pospolity" ] }, "ambiguous_names": [ { "name": "Feigenkaktus", "language": "de", "shared_with": [ "Opuntia ficus-indica" ], "clarification": { "de": "Der Feigenkaktus gehört zur Familie der Kakteengewächse, nicht zu den Maulbeergewächsen.", "en": "Prickly pear belongs to the Cactaceae family, unlike the common fig." } } ], "search_terms": { "de": [ "Feige", "Feigenbaum", "Echte Feige" ], "en": [ "Fig", "Common Fig", "Ficus carica" ] } }, "taxonomy": { "kingdom": "Plantae", "clades": [ "Tracheophyta", "Angiosperms", "Eudicots", "Rosids" ], "order": "Rosales", "family_botanical": "Moraceae", "family": { "de": "Maulbeergewächse", "en": "Mulberry family" }, "family_id": "moraceae", "subfamily": "Ficoideae", "tribe": "Ficeae", "genus": "Ficus", "species": "Ficus carica", "hybrid_status": "not_hybrid", "related_crops": [ "Ficus sycomorus", "Morus nigra" ] }, "classification": { "main_group": "Obst", "sub_group": "Südfrüchte", "crop_group": "Obstgehölze", "life_cycle": "Perennial", "perennial": true, "woody": true, "tree": true, "shrub": true, "edible_parts": { "de": [ "Scheinfrucht" ], "en": [ "Syconium (Fruit)" ] }, "nutrient_group": "fruit_vegetables" }, "calendar": { "sowing_indoor": { "notes": { "de": "Vermehrung meist über Stecklinge oder Abmoosen, Aussaat für Hobbygärtner unüblich.", "en": "Propagation usually via cuttings or layering; sowing is uncommon for home gardeners." } }, "sowing_outdoor": { "notes": { "de": "Direktsaat im Freiland in Mitteleuropa nicht empfohlen.", "en": "Direct outdoor sowing not recommended in Central Europe." } }, "planting_out": { "months": [ 3, 4, 5 ], "earliest_month": 3, "latest_month": 5, "notes": { "de": "Beste Pflanzzeit ist das Frühjahr, damit die Pflanze bis zum Winter gut einwurzelt.", "en": "Best planting time is spring to allow the plant to establish roots before winter." } }, "harvest": { "months": [ 8, 9, 10, 11 ], "earliest_month": 8, "latest_month": 11, "notes": { "de": "Haupternte je nach Sorte und Standort ab August; Früchte müssen am Baum reifen.", "en": "Main harvest from August depending on variety and location; fruits must ripen on the tree." } }, "month_tasks": { "1": [ { "de": "Winterschutz kontrollieren.", "en": "Check winter protection." } ], "2": [ { "de": "Schnitt bei frostfreiem Wetter möglich.", "en": "Pruning possible during frost-free weather." } ], "3": [ { "de": "Winterschutz schrittweise entfernen; organisch düngen.", "en": "Gradually remove winter protection; apply organic fertilizer." } ], "4": [ { "de": "Neupflanzung vornehmen; auf Austrieb achten.", "en": "Plant new trees; watch for bud break." } ], "5": [ { "de": "Kübelpflanzen nach draußen stellen.", "en": "Move container plants outdoors." } ], "6": [ { "de": "Bei Trockenheit regelmäßig gießen.", "en": "Water regularly during dry spells." } ], "7": [ { "de": "Mulchschicht erneuern.", "en": "Renew mulch layer." } ], "8": [ { "de": "Beginn der Ernte bei frühen Sorten.", "en": "Start of harvest for early varieties." } ], "9": [ { "de": "Haupterntezeit; auf Wespenfraß achten.", "en": "Peak harvest time; watch for wasp damage." } ], "10": [ { "de": "Letzte Früchte ernten; Düngung einstellen.", "en": "Harvest last fruits; stop fertilizing." } ], "11": [ { "de": "Winterschutz anbringen (Vlies, Reisig).", "en": "Apply winter protection (fleece, brushwood)." } ], "12": [ { "de": "Kübelpflanzen in frostfreies Quartier bringen.", "en": "Move container plants to frost-free winter quarters." } ] }, "month_tasks_structured": { "3": [ { "task": "fertilizing", "label": { "de": "Frühjahrsdüngung", "en": "Spring fertilization" }, "priority": "medium", "months": [ 3, 4 ], "condition": "frost_free", "estimated_effort": "low", "notes": { "de": "Kompost oder organischen Langzeitdünger im Wurzelbereich ausbringen.", "en": "Apply compost or organic slow-release fertilizer to the root area." } } ], "11": [ { "task": "protection", "label": { "de": "Winterschutz", "en": "Winter protection" }, "priority": "high", "months": [ 11, 12 ], "condition": "before_first_hard_frost", "estimated_effort": "medium", "notes": { "de": "Besonders junge Bäume mit Vlies oder Schilfmatten schützen.", "en": "Protect especially young trees with fleece or reed mats." } } ] } }, "book_content": { "description": { "de": "Die Echte Feige ist ein Symbol mediterraner Gartenkultur. In Mitteleuropa wächst sie meist als mehrstämmiger Strauch und begeistert mit ihren markant gelappten Blättern und süßen, honigartigen Früchten. Dank frostharter Züchtungen ist ihre Kultur heute auch in geschützten Lagen nördlich der Alpen erfolgreich möglich.", "en": "The common fig is a symbol of Mediterranean garden culture. In Central Europe, it usually grows as a multi-stemmed shrub, delighting gardeners with its striking lobed leaves and sweet, honey-like fruits. Thanks to hardy cultivars, cultivation is now successfully possible in sheltered locations north of the Alps." } }, "structured_month_tasks": { "2": [ { "task": "pruning", "label": { "de": "Erhaltungsschnitt", "en": "Maintenance pruning" }, "priority": "low", "months": [ 2, 3 ], "condition": "frost_free", "estimated_effort": "medium", "notes": { "de": "Auslichten und totes Holz entfernen; starker Rückschnitt reduziert die Ernte.", "en": "Thin out and remove dead wood; heavy pruning reduces harvest." } } ] }, "cultivation_specs": { "seed": { "light_germinator": false, "dark_germinator": false, "cold_germinator": false, "stratification_needed": false, "pre_soaking_recommended": false, "direct_sowing_possible": false, "pre_culture_recommended": false }, "spacing": { "plant_spacing_cm_min": 250, "plant_spacing_cm_max": 400, "row_spacing_cm_min": 300, "row_spacing_cm_max": 500, "recommended_density_per_sqm_min": 0.05, "recommended_density_per_sqm_max": 0.1, "min_bed_width_cm": 150, "square_foot_gardening_spacing": "1 per 16+ sq ft", "spacing_notes": { "de": "Platzbedarf hängt stark von der Erziehungsform (Strauch/Baum) ab.", "en": "Space requirement depends heavily on the training form (shrub/tree)." } }, "growth_dimensions": { "height_cm_min": 250, "height_cm_max": 600, "width_cm_min": 200, "width_cm_max": 500, "root_depth_cm_min": 60, "root_depth_cm_max": 120, "root_spread_cm_min": 200, "root_spread_cm_max": 500, "growth_speed": "medium", "final_size_notes": { "de": "In Mitteleuropa meist als großer Strauch gezogen; im Kübel deutlich kleiner.", "en": "In Central Europe usually grown as a large shrub; significantly smaller in containers." } }, "temperature": { "min_growing_temp_c": 10, "optimal_temp_c_min": 18, "optimal_temp_c_max": 30, "max_heat_tolerance_c": 45, "frost_sensitive": true, "late_frost_sensitive": true, "heat_tolerance": "high", "cold_tolerance": "medium", "temperature_notes": { "de": "Ältere Pflanzen kurzzeitig bis -15°C frosthart, junge Pflanzen sehr empfindlich.", "en": "Older plants hardy down to -15°C for short periods; young plants are very sensitive." } }, "water": { "water_need": "medium", "critical_water_phases": { "de": [ "Fruchtansatz", "Fruchtreife" ], "en": [ "Fruit set", "Fruit ripening" ] }, "drought_tolerant": true, "drought_sensitivity": "low", "waterlogging_sensitive": true, "mulching_recommended": true, "water_notes": { "de": "Gleichmäßige Feuchtigkeit verhindert das Aufplatzen der Früchte.", "en": "Consistent moisture prevents the fruits from splitting." } }, "nutrition": { "nutrient_group": "medium_feeder", "heavy_feeder": false, "medium_feeder": true, "light_feeder": false, "nitrogen_need": "medium", "phosphorus_need": "medium", "potassium_need": "high", "calcium_need": "medium", "magnesium_need": "low", "compost_recommended": true, "mulching_recommended": true, "fertilizer_sensitivity": "low", "nutrition_notes": { "de": "Übermäßig Stickstoff fördert das Blattwachstum zulasten der Fruchtreife.", "en": "Excessive nitrogen promotes leaf growth at the expense of fruit ripening." } }, "container": { "container_suitable": true, "min_pot_volume_l": 30, "recommended_pot_volume_l": 60, "min_pot_depth_cm": 40, "min_pot_diameter_cm": 40, "plants_per_container_min": 1, "plants_per_container_max": 1, "drainage_required": true, "repotting_needed": true, "container_notes": { "de": "Alle 2-3 Jahre umtopfen; im Winter kühl und dunkel lagern.", "en": "Repot every 2-3 years; store in a cool, dark place during winter." } }, "support": { "needs_support": false, "support_recommended": true, "climbing": false, "vining": false, "trellis_recommended": true, "support_types": [ "espalier", "stake" ], "support_height_cm_min": 150, "support_height_cm_max": 300, "training_required": true, "support_notes": { "de": "Spaliererziehung an einer Südwand speichert Wärme und schützt vor Wind.", "en": "Espalier training on a south-facing wall stores heat and protects from wind." } }, "cultivation_modes": { "outdoor_bed_suitable": true, "raised_bed_suitable": false, "container_suitable": true, "balcony_suitable": true, "greenhouse_suitable": true, "polytunnel_suitable": true, "indoor_suitable": false, "windowsill_suitable": false, "hydroponic_possible": false, "permaculture_suitable": true, "no_dig_suitable": true }, "yield_density": { "yield_per_plant_min": 2, "yield_per_plant_max": 20, "yield_unit": "kg", "yield_reliability": "medium", "yield_notes": { "de": "Ertrag stark witterungsabhängig; in kühlen Sommern reifen die Früchte oft nicht aus.", "en": "Yield highly dependent on weather; fruits often fail to ripen in cool summers." } } }, "site": { "exposure": "full_sun", "wind_protection": "required", "microclimate_preference": "warm_wall", "notes": { "de": "Vollsonnig, warm und geschützt; ideal vor einer Südwand.", "en": "Full sun, warm and sheltered; ideal in front of a south-facing wall." } }, "soil": { "soil_type": "loamy_sandy", "ph_min": 6.0, "ph_max": 7.5, "drainage": "well_drained", "humus_content": "medium", "notes": { "de": "Durchlässig, nährstoffreich, verträgt Kalk gut.", "en": "Permeable, nutrient-rich, tolerates lime well." } }, "watering": { "frequency": "regular", "drought_resistance": "high", "waterlogging_resistance": "low", "notes": { "de": "Im Sommer durchdringend gießen, Staunässe unbedingt vermeiden.", "en": "Water thoroughly in summer, strictly avoid waterlogging." } }, "nutrition": { "requirement": "medium", "main_fertilizer": "organic_slow_release", "application_timing": "spring_to_summer", "notes": { "de": "Ab August nicht mehr düngen, um die Winterhärte des Holzes nicht zu gefährden.", "en": "Stop fertilizing from August onwards to avoid compromising the winter hardiness of the wood." } }, "cultivation_planning": { "succession_sowing": { "possible": false }, "bed_planning_notes": { "de": "Dauerkultur; bei Unterpflanzung flachwurzelnde Kräuter wählen.", "en": "Permanent crop; choose shallow-rooted herbs if underplanting." }, "interplanting_potential": "low" }, "crop_rotation": { "years_before_replant": 0, "notes": { "de": "Als Dauerkultur (Obstgehölz) ist keine Fruchtfolge im klassischen Sinne erforderlich.", "en": "As a perennial woody crop, no traditional crop rotation is required." } }, "companion_planting": { "approach": "underplanting", "good_neighbors": [ { "slug": "lavendel", "name": { "de": "Lavendel", "en": "Lavender" }, "reason": { "de": "Zieht Bestäuber an und liebt sonnige, trockene Standorte genau wie die Feige.", "en": "Attracts pollinators and loves sunny, dry locations just like the fig." }, "relationship_type": "beneficial" }, { "slug": "thymian", "name": { "de": "Thymian", "en": "Thyme" }, "reason": { "de": "Flachwurzler, der den Boden beschattet, ohne mit den Feigenwurzeln zu konkurrieren.", "en": "Shallow-rooted groundcover that shades the soil without competing with fig roots." }, "relationship_type": "beneficial" } ], "bad_neighbors": [ { "slug": "wermut", "name": { "de": "Wermut", "en": "Wormwood" }, "reason": { "de": "Wachstumshemmende Wurzelausscheidungen können junge Feigenbäume beeinträchtigen.", "en": "Growth-inhibiting root exudates can negatively affect young fig trees." }, "relationship_type": "antagonistic" } ], "design_rules": { "de": [ "Nur flachwurzelnde Begleitpflanzen wählen.", "Ausreichend Abstand zum Stamm halten, um Belüftung zu gewährleisten." ], "en": [ "Choose only shallow-rooted companion plants.", "Keep sufficient distance from the trunk to ensure airflow." ] }, "notes": { "de": "Feigen haben ein weitreichendes Wurzelsystem; Unterpflanzung sollte den Boden nicht auslaugen.", "en": "Figs have an extensive root system; underplanting should not deplete the soil nutrients." } }, "deficiencies": { "common": [ { "slug": "stickstoffmangel", "name": { "de": "Stickstoffmangel", "en": "Nitrogen deficiency" }, "symptoms": { "de": "Kümmerwuchs, hellgrüne bis gelbliche Blätter.", "en": "Stunted growth, pale green to yellowish leaves." } }, { "slug": "kaliummangel", "name": { "de": "Kaliummangel", "en": "Potassium deficiency" }, "symptoms": { "de": "Braune Blattränder, verminderte Frosthärte des Holzes.", "en": "Brown leaf margins, reduced winter hardiness of the wood." } } ] }, "problems": { "environmental": [ { "slug": "fruchtfall", "name": { "de": "Vorzeitiger Fruchtfall", "en": "Premature fruit drop" }, "causes": { "de": "Trockenstress oder plötzliche Kälteeinbrüche.", "en": "Drought stress or sudden cold snaps." } }, { "slug": "fruchtplatzen", "name": { "de": "Aufplatzen der Früchte", "en": "Fruit splitting" }, "causes": { "de": "Starke Regenfälle nach Trockenperioden während der Reife.", "en": "Heavy rain after dry spells during ripening." } } ] }, "problem_management": { "common_pest_groups": { "de": [ "Saugende Insekten (Schildläuse, Wollläuse)", "Spinnmilben (besonders unter Glas)" ], "en": [ "Sucking insects (scale, mealybugs)", "Spider mites (especially under glass)" ] }, "common_disease_groups": { "de": [ "Viruserkrankungen", "Pilzerkrankungen (Rost, Grauschimmel)" ], "en": [ "Viral diseases", "Fungal diseases (rust, gray mold)" ] }, "prevention_principles": { "de": [ "Optimale Standortwahl (sonnig, windgeschützt).", "Gleichmäßige Wasserversorgung.", "Überdüngung mit Stickstoff vermeiden." ], "en": [ "Optimal site selection (sunny, sheltered).", "Consistent water supply.", "Avoid over-fertilization with nitrogen." ] }, "diagnosis_notes": { "de": "Bei Blattveränderungen zuerst Wasserhaushalt und Nährstoffe prüfen, bevor auf Schädlinge geschlossen wird.", "en": "For leaf changes, check water balance and nutrients first before assuming pests." } }, "disease_graph": { "scope": "Ficus carica care", "profiles": [ { "slug": "cerotelium-fici", "severity": "medium", "conditions": { "de": [ "Hohe Luftfeuchtigkeit", "Warmer Spätsommer" ], "en": [ "High humidity", "Warm late summer" ] }, "affected_parts": { "de": [ "Blätter" ], "en": [ "Leaves" ] }, "prevention": { "de": [ "Auslichtungsschnitt für bessere Luftzirkulation", "Überkopf-Bewässerung vermeiden" ], "en": [ "Thinning pruning for better air circulation", "Avoid overhead watering" ] }, "organic_control": { "de": [ "Befallene Blätter entfernen und im Hausmüll entsorgen", "Schachtelhalm-Extrakt zur Stärkung" ], "en": [ "Remove infected leaves and dispose of in household waste", "Horsetail extract for strengthening" ] } } ], "diagnostic_rules": [ { "symptom": { "de": "Gelbe Flecken/Mosaikmuster auf Blättern", "en": "Yellow spots/mosaic pattern on leaves" }, "possible_causes": [ "feigenmosaikvirus" ], "first_checks": { "de": [ "Prüfen auf Überträger (Feigenmilbe)", "Nährstoffmangel ausschließen" ], "en": [ "Check for vectors (fig mite)", "Rule out nutrient deficiency" ] } } ], "prevention_strategy": { "cultural": { "de": [ "Wahl resistenter Sorten", "Winterschutz bei Frost unter -10°C" ], "en": [ "Selection of resistant varieties", "Winter protection during frosts below -10°C" ] }, "monitoring": { "de": [ "Wöchentliche Kontrolle auf Blattunterseiten ab Juni" ], "en": [ "Weekly inspection of leaf undersides starting in June" ] }, "organic_first_response": { "de": [ "Rapsöl-Präparate gegen Schildläuse", "Abbrausen mit Wasserstrahl bei Spinnmilben" ], "en": [ "Rapeseed oil preparations against scale insects", "Spray with water jet for spider mites" ] }, "notes": { "de": "Gesunde Feigenbäume sind in Mitteleuropa relativ schädlingsresistent, sofern der Standort stimmt.", "en": "Healthy fig trees are relatively pest-resistant in Central Europe if the site is correct." } } }, "phenology": { "stages": { "de": [ "Winterruhe (Blattfall)", "Austrieb (Frühjahr)", "Fruchtansatz (Frühjahr/Sommer)", "Fruchtreife (Spätsommer/Herbst)" ], "en": [ "Dormancy (leaf drop)", "Bud break (spring)", "Fruit set (spring/summer)", "Fruit ripening (late summer/autumn)" ] }, "notes": { "de": "Feigen bilden in Mitteleuropa oft zwei Generationen von Früchten, wobei meist nur die erste im Sommer ausreift.", "en": "In Central Europe, figs often produce two crops of fruit, though usually only the first (breba) crop ripens fully." } }, "flowering_pollination": { "flowering_period": { "de": "Mai bis Juni", "en": "May to June" }, "flower_type": { "de": "Hypanthodium (Blütenstand im Inneren der Scheinfrucht)", "en": "Syconium (inflorescence inside the false fruit)" } }, "pollination": { "summary": { "de": "In Mitteleuropa werden fast ausschließlich parthenokarpe (jungfernfrüchtige) Sorten kultiviert, die keine Befruchtung benötigen.", "en": "In Central Europe, almost exclusively parthenocarpic (self-fruiting) varieties are cultivated, which do not require pollination." }, "pollinator_required": false, "self_fertility": "self_fertile", "pollinator_notes": { "de": "Die natürliche Bestäuberin (Feigenwespe) ist nördlich der Alpen nicht heimisch; daher sind nur selbstfruchtende Sorten für den Gartenbau relevant.", "en": "The natural pollinator (fig wasp) is not native north of the Alps; therefore, only self-fertile varieties are relevant for gardening." } }, "harvest": { "harvest_period": { "de": "August bis November", "en": "August to November" }, "yield_estimate": { "de": "2–20 kg pro ausgewachsenem Baum", "en": "2–20 kg per mature tree" } }, "harvest_details": { "harvest_frequency": { "de": "Regelmäßig alle 2-3 Tage während der Reifezeit.", "en": "Regularly every 2-3 days during the ripening period." }, "harvest_indicators": { "de": [ "Frucht gibt auf Fingerdruck leicht nach", "Fruchtstiel biegt sich nach unten", "Farbumschlag (sortenabhängig)", "Kleine Risse in der Schale oder Honigtopfen am Auge" ], "en": [ "Fruit yields slightly to finger pressure", "Fruit stalk bends downwards", "Color change (variety dependent)", "Small cracks in the skin or 'honey' droplets at the ostiole" ] }, "post_harvest_handling": { "de": "Vorsichtig pflücken, um Druckstellen zu vermeiden. Milchsaft am Stiel kann Hautreizungen verursachen.", "en": "Pick carefully to avoid bruising. Milky sap at the stem can cause skin irritation." } }, "storage": { "storage_temperature_c": 0, "storage_humidity": "medium", "shelf_life_days": 2 }, "storage_details": { "general_storage_category": { "de": "Kurzzeitlagerung (Frischverzehr)", "en": "Short-term storage (fresh consumption)" }, "storage_life": { "de": "Frisch nur 1-2 Tage im Kühlschrank haltbar.", "en": "Fresh fruits keep for only 1-2 days in the refrigerator." }, "processing_options": { "de": [ "Trocknen", "Einkochen (Konfitüre)", "Einlegen in Alkohol", "Einfrieren" ], "en": [ "Drying", "Preserving (jam)", "Pickling in alcohol", "Freezing" ] } }, "processing_use": { "primary_use": { "de": "Frischverzehr oder Trocknung", "en": "Fresh consumption or drying" } }, "kitchen_usage": { "culinary_profile": { "de": "Süß, honigartig, weiche Textur mit essbaren Kernen.", "en": "Sweet, honey-like, soft texture with edible seeds." }, "pairings": { "de": [ "Ziegenkäse", "Schinken", "Walnüsse", "Honig", "Rosmarin" ], "en": [ "Goat cheese", "Prosciutto", "Walnuts", "Honey", "Rosemary" ] } }, "safety_and_edibility": { "edible_parts": { "de": [ "Scheinfrucht (mit Schale)" ], "en": [ "Syconium (fruit, including skin)" ] }, "inedible_or_caution_parts": { "de": [ "Milchsaft in Blättern und unreifen Trieben" ], "en": [ "Milky sap in leaves and unripe shoots" ] }, "toxicity_notes": { "de": "Der Milchsaft enthält Furocoumarine, die bei Kontakt mit Sonnenlicht phototoxische Hautreaktionen verursachen können.", "en": "The milky sap contains furocoumarins, which can cause phototoxic skin reactions upon contact combined with sunlight." }, "raw_consumption": { "de": "Hervorragend geeignet; Schale ist bei reifen Früchten essbar.", "en": "Excellent for raw consumption; skin is edible on ripe fruits." } }, "seed_saving": { "difficulty": "high", "method": { "de": "In Mitteleuropa unüblich, da Samen meist nicht fertil (fehlende Bestäubung).", "en": "Uncommon in Central Europe, as seeds are usually infertile (due to lack of pollination)." } }, "seed_saving_advanced": { "viability_notes": { "de": "Keimfähige Samen entstehen nur bei Vorhandensein der Feigenwespe.", "en": "Viable seeds only develop in the presence of the fig wasp." } }, "varieties": [ { "slug": "brown-turkey", "name": { "de": "Brown Turkey", "en": "Brown Turkey" }, "description": { "de": "Sehr verbreitete, robuste Sorte mit großen, braunvioletten Früchten. Zuverlässiger Ertrag in Mitteleuropa.", "en": "Very common, robust variety with large, brownish-purple fruits. Reliable yield in Central Europe." }, "hardiness_zone": "7a", "fruit_color": { "de": "Braun-Violett", "en": "Brown-purple" }, "characteristics": { "de": [ "parthenokarp", "starkwüchsig", "winterhart" ], "en": [ "parthenocarpic", "vigorous", "hardy" ] } }, { "slug": "chicago-hardy", "name": { "de": "Chicago Hardy", "en": "Chicago Hardy" }, "description": { "de": "Bekannt für extreme Frosthärte; treibt nach Zurückfrieren oft wieder aus der Basis aus und trägt am neuen Holz.", "en": "Known for extreme cold hardiness; often regrows from the base after freezing and fruits on new wood." }, "hardiness_zone": "6b", "fruit_color": { "de": "Dunkelviolett", "en": "Dark purple" }, "characteristics": { "de": [ "extrem frosthart", "kompakter Wuchs" ], "en": [ "extremely cold hardy", "compact growth" ] } }, { "slug": "ronde-de-bordeaux", "name": { "de": "Ronde de Bordeaux", "en": "Ronde de Bordeaux" }, "description": { "de": "Frühe Reife mit kleinen, sehr süßen, fast schwarzen Früchten. Sehr gute Geschmacksqualität.", "en": "Early ripening with small, very sweet, nearly black fruits. Excellent flavor quality." }, "hardiness_zone": "7b", "fruit_color": { "de": "Schwarz-Blau", "en": "Black-blue" }, "characteristics": { "de": [ "frühreif", "aromatisch", "regentolerant" ], "en": [ "early ripening", "aromatic", "rain tolerant" ] } } ], "woody_crop_details": { "training_systems_to_research": [ "multi-stemmed shrub", "standard tree", "fan-trained espalier" ], "rootstock_relevance": "low", "renewal_pruning_relevance": "high", "notes": { "de": "Feigen werden meist wurzelecht aus Stecklingen gezogen. Die Erziehung als mehrstämmiger Strauch ist in Frostlagen vorteilhafter, da bei Erfrieren einzelner Triebe die Pflanze leichter regeneriert.", "en": "Figs are mostly grown on their own roots from cuttings. Training as a multi-stemmed shrub is advantageous in frosty areas, as the plant regenerates more easily if individual shoots freeze." } }, "pruning_logic": { "scope": "maintenance and renewal", "system": "thinning_and_heading", "remove": { "de": [ "Totes oder erfrorenes Holz bis ins gesunde Gewebe", "Nach innen wachsende Zweige", "Konkurrenztriebe in der Mitte zur besseren Belichtung" ], "en": [ "Dead or frost-damaged wood back to healthy tissue", "Inward-growing branches", "Competing shoots in the center for better light penetration" ] }, "preserve": { "de": [ "Einjähriges Holz für die Sommerernte (Breba)", "Gesunde Gerüsttriebe", "Kurze Fruchttriebe" ], "en": [ "One-year-old wood for the summer crop (Breba)", "Healthy structural branches", "Short fruiting spurs" ] }, "avoid": { "de": [ "Radikaler Rückschnitt im Frühjahr (entfernt die erste Ernte)", "Schnitt bei starkem Frost", "Verletzung der Rinde (Milchsaftaustritt)" ], "en": [ "Radical pruning in spring (removes the first crop)", "Pruning during heavy frost", "Damaging the bark (milky sap flow)" ] }, "timing_rules": [ { "season": "late_winter", "months": [ 2, 3 ], "purpose": { "de": "Hauptschnitt und Auslichten", "en": "Main pruning and thinning" }, "notes": { "de": "Erfolgt kurz vor dem Austrieb bei frostfreiem Wetter.", "en": "Performed shortly before bud break during frost-free weather." } }, { "season": "summer", "months": [ 6, 7 ], "purpose": { "de": "Entspitzen (Pinzieren)", "en": "Pinching (tipping)" }, "notes": { "de": "Triebspitzen nach dem 5.-6. Blatt kürzen, um die Fruchtentwicklung zu fördern.", "en": "Shorten shoot tips after the 5th-6th leaf to encourage fruit development." } } ], "cut_location_rules": { "de": [ "Knapp oberhalb einer nach außen gerichteten Knospe", "Größere Wunden bei Bedarf mit Wundverschlussmittel behandeln", "Basisnaher Schnitt bei Verjüngung" ], "en": [ "Just above an outward-facing bud", "Treat larger wounds with pruning sealer if necessary", "Prune close to the base for renewal" ] }, "intensity_rules": { "light_thinning": "standard", "heavy_renewal": "every_4_to_5_years" }, "decision_tree": [ { "question": { "de": "Ist der Zweig erfroren?", "en": "Is the branch frost-damaged?" }, "action": { "de": "Bis ins grüne, lebendige Holz zurückschneiden.", "en": "Prune back to green, living wood." } } ], "tool_hygiene": { "de": "Scharfe, saubere Schere verwenden, um Quetschungen und Infektionen durch den klebrigen Milchsaft zu vermeiden. Werkzeug nach Gebrauch reinigen.", "en": "Use sharp, clean shears to avoid crushing and infections from the sticky milky sap. Clean tools after use." }, "diagram_requirements": { "de": [ "Illustration des Pinzierens im Sommer", "Unterscheidung zwischen altem Holz und diesjährigem Zuwachs" ], "en": [ "Illustration of summer pinching", "Distinction between old wood and current season's growth" ] }, "notes": { "de": "Vorsicht: Der Milchsaft kann Hautreizungen verursachen. Handschuhe tragen.", "en": "Caution: The milky sap can cause skin irritation. Wear gloves." } }, "pruning_training": { "shrub_form": { "de": "Natürlicher, mehrstämmiger Wuchs; ideal für den Hausgarten.", "en": "Natural, multi-stemmed growth; ideal for home gardens." }, "espalier": { "de": "Fächerform an einer Südwand zur Maximierung der Wärmespeicherung.", "en": "Fan shape on a south-facing wall to maximize heat retention." } }, "ecology": { "pollinator_value": "low", "wildlife_value": "medium", "biodiversity_notes": { "de": "In Mitteleuropa ökologisch eher isoliert, da die spezifische Bestäubungswespe fehlt. Die Früchte dienen jedoch Vögeln und Wespen als wertvolle Nahrungsquelle.", "en": "Ecologically somewhat isolated in Central Europe as the specific pollinating wasp is absent. However, fruits serve as a valuable food source for birds and wasps." } }, "practical_notes": { "care_tips": { "de": [ "Vermeiden Sie Staunässe, besonders in Kübeln.", "Tragen Sie beim Schnitt Handschuhe wegen des Milchsafts." ], "en": [ "Avoid waterlogging, especially in containers.", "Wear gloves when pruning due to the milky sap." ] } }, "slug": "feige", "sources": [ { "title": "Wikidata entity", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36146", "publisher": "Wikidata", "date_accessed": "2026-05-13" }, { "title": "GBIF species match", "url": "https://api.gbif.org/v1/species/match?name=Ficus%20carica&kingdom=Plantae", "publisher": "GBIF", "date_accessed": "2026-05-13" }, { "title": "Deutschsprachige Wikipedia: Echte Feige", "url": "https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Echte_Feige", "publisher": "Wikipedia", "date_accessed": "2026-05-13" }, { "title": "English Wikipedia: Fig", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fig", "publisher": "Wikipedia", "date_accessed": "2026-05-13" } ] }