{ "names": { "common": { "de": "Erdmandel", "en": "Tiger Nut" }, "plural": { "de": "Erdmandeln", "en": "Tiger Nuts" }, "botanical": "Cyperus esculentus", "botanical_author": "L.", "scientific_synonyms": [ "Cyperus tuberosus", "Cyperus repens", "Cyperus phymatodes", "Chlorocyperus aureus" ], "synonyms": { "de": [ "Erdmandelgras", "Chufa", "Chufanuss", "Tigernuss" ], "en": [ "Earth Almond", "Chufa Sedge", "Yellow Nutgrass", "Yellow Nutsedge" ] }, "common_synonyms": { "de": [ "Erdmandelgras", "Chufa", "Chufanuss", "Tigernuss" ], "en": [ "Earth Almond", "Chufa Sedge", "Yellow Nutgrass" ] }, "regional_names": { "de": [ "Erdnuss (historisch)" ], "en": [ "Watergrass", "Galingale" ] }, "historical_names": { "de": [ "Erdnuss" ], "en": [ "Earthnut" ] }, "trade_names": [ "Chufa", "Tiger Nuts" ], "market_names": { "de": [ "Chufa-Nüsse", "Tigernüsse" ], "en": [ "Tiger Nuts", "Chufas" ] }, "misspellings": { "de": [ "Erdmandelgräser" ], "en": [ "Cyperus esculantis" ] }, "international_names": { "fr": [ "Amande de terre", "Souchet comestible" ], "es": [ "Chufa", "Almendra de tierra" ], "it": [ "Mandorla di terra", "Zigolo dolce" ] }, "ambiguous_names": [ { "name": "Erdnuss", "language": "de", "shared_with": [ "Arachis hypogaea" ], "clarification": { "de": "Nicht zu verwechseln mit der botanischen Erdnuss (Arachis hypogaea).", "en": "Not to be confused with the peanut (Arachis hypogaea)." } } ], "search_terms": { "de": [ "Erdmandel", "Cyperus esculentus", "Chufa" ], "en": [ "Tiger Nut", "Cyperus esculentus", "Earth Almond" ] } }, "taxonomy": { "kingdom": "Plantae", "clades": [ "Tracheophyta", "Angiosperms", "Monocots", "Commelinids" ], "order": "Poales", "family_botanical": "Cyperaceae", "family": { "de": "Sauergrasgewächse", "en": "Sedges" }, "family_id": "cyperaceae", "subfamily": "Cyperoideae", "tribe": "Cypereae", "genus": "Cyperus", "species": "Cyperus esculentus", "hybrid_status": "not_hybrid", "related_crops": [ "Cyperus papyrus", "Cyperus rotundus" ] }, "classification": { "main_group": "Vegetables", "sub_group": "Root and Tuber Vegetables", "crop_group": "Tubers", "life_cycle": "Perennial (treated as annual in Central Europe)", "perennial": true, "woody": false, "tree": false, "shrub": false, "edible_parts": { "de": [ "Rhizomknollen" ], "en": [ "Tubers" ] }, "nutrient_group": "Carbohydrates/Fats" }, "calendar": { "sowing_indoor": { "months": [ 3, 4 ], "earliest_month": 3, "latest_month": 4, "notes": { "de": "Vorkultur in Töpfen beschleunigt die Entwicklung der wärmeliebenden Knollen.", "en": "Pre-cultivation in pots accelerates the development of heat-loving tubers." } }, "sowing_outdoor": { "months": [ 5 ], "earliest_month": 5, "latest_month": 5, "notes": { "de": "Direktsaat erst nach den Eisheiligen bei ausreichend erwärmtem Boden.", "en": "Direct sowing only after the last frost once the soil has warmed up sufficiently." } }, "planting_out": { "months": [ 5, 6 ], "earliest_month": 5, "latest_month": 6, "notes": { "de": "Auspflanzen der Vorkultur Mitte bis Ende Mai.", "en": "Planting out pre-cultivated seedlings mid to late May." } }, "harvest": { "months": [ 10, 11 ], "earliest_month": 10, "latest_month": 11, "notes": { "de": "Ernte, wenn das Laub verwelkt und braun wird.", "en": "Harvest when the foliage withers and turns brown." } }, "month_tasks": { "3": [ { "de": "Vorkultur im Haus beginnen", "en": "Start pre-cultivation indoors" } ], "5": [ { "de": "Auspflanzen ins Freiland", "en": "Planting out in the garden" } ], "7": [ { "de": "Regelmäßig gießen und Unkraut entfernen", "en": "Water regularly and remove weeds" } ], "10": [ { "de": "Erntebeginn nach dem ersten Frost oder Welken", "en": "Start harvesting after first frost or wilting" } ] }, "month_tasks_structured": { "3": [ { "task": "sowing", "label": { "de": "Vorkultur", "en": "Pre-cultivation" }, "priority": "medium", "months": [ 3, 4 ], "notes": { "de": "Knollen vor dem Pflanzen 24 Stunden in Wasser einweichen.", "en": "Soak tubers in water for 24 hours before planting." } } ], "5": [ { "task": "planting", "label": { "de": "Auspflanzen", "en": "Planting out" }, "priority": "high", "months": [ 5 ], "notes": { "de": "Abstand von 30 cm einhalten.", "en": "Maintain a spacing of 30 cm." } } ], "10": [ { "task": "harvesting", "label": { "de": "Haupternte", "en": "Main harvest" }, "priority": "high", "months": [ 10, 11 ], "notes": { "de": "Knollen vorsichtig aus dem Boden sieben.", "en": "Carefully sift the tubers out of the soil." } } ] } }, "book_content": { "overview": { "de": "Die Erdmandel ist ein ungewöhnliches Sauergras, das für seine nussig-süßen Wurzelknollen geschätzt wird. In Mitteleuropa wird sie meist einjährig kultiviert, da sie viel Wärme benötigt, um ihre volle Pracht zu entfalten. Die Pflanzen bilden dichte, grasartige Horste, die sich ideal für die Topfkultur auf sonnigen Balkonen eignen.", "en": "Tiger nut is an unusual sedge prized for its nutty-sweet root tubers. In Central Europe, it is mostly cultivated as an annual, as it requires significant warmth to reach its full potential. The plants form dense, grass-like clumps that are ideal for container gardening on sunny balconies." } }, "structured_month_tasks": { "4": [ { "task": "preparation", "label": { "de": "Beetvorbereitung", "en": "Bed preparation" }, "priority": "medium", "months": [ 4 ], "notes": { "de": "Leichten, sandigen Boden mit Kompost anreichern.", "en": "Enrich light, sandy soil with compost." } } ], "6": [ { "task": "maintenance", "label": { "de": "Häufeln", "en": "Earthing up" }, "priority": "low", "months": [ 6, 7 ], "notes": { "de": "Leichtes Anhäufeln kann den Ertrag fördern.", "en": "Slight earthing up can encourage yield." } } ] }, "cultivation_specs": { "seed": { "seed_depth_cm_min": 2.0, "seed_depth_cm_max": 5.0, "light_germinator": false, "dark_germinator": true, "cold_germinator": false, "stratification_needed": false, "pre_soaking_recommended": true, "germination_temp_c_min": 15.0, "germination_temp_c_max": 25.0, "germination_days_min": 14, "germination_days_max": 28, "seed_lifespan_years_min": 2, "seed_lifespan_years_max": 5, "direct_sowing_possible": true, "pre_culture_recommended": true }, "spacing": { "plant_spacing_cm_min": 25.0, "plant_spacing_cm_max": 35.0, "row_spacing_cm_min": 30.0, "row_spacing_cm_max": 45.0, "recommended_density_per_sqm_min": 8.0, "recommended_density_per_sqm_max": 12.0, "min_bed_width_cm": 60.0, "square_foot_gardening_spacing": "1 per square", "spacing_notes": { "de": "Die Pflanzen breiten sich horstartig aus.", "en": "Plants spread in a clump-forming manner." } }, "growth_dimensions": { "height_cm_min": 30.0, "height_cm_max": 60.0, "width_cm_min": 20.0, "width_cm_max": 40.0, "root_depth_cm_min": 15.0, "root_depth_cm_max": 30.0, "root_spread_cm_min": 20.0, "root_spread_cm_max": 50.0, "growth_speed": "medium", "final_size_notes": { "de": "Grasartiger Wuchs, bildet unterirdische Ausläufer mit Knollen.", "en": "Grass-like growth, forms underground runners with tubers." } }, "temperature": { "min_growing_temp_c": 12.0, "optimal_temp_c_min": 20.0, "optimal_temp_c_max": 30.0, "max_heat_tolerance_c": 40.0, "soil_temp_for_sowing_c_min": 15.0, "soil_temp_for_sowing_c_optimal": 20.0, "frost_sensitive": true, "late_frost_sensitive": true, "heat_tolerance": "high", "cold_tolerance": "low", "temperature_notes": { "de": "Stammt aus warmen Regionen; Frost tötet das oberirdische Laub ab.", "en": "Originates from warm regions; frost kills the above-ground foliage." } }, "water": { "water_need": "medium", "critical_water_phases": { "de": [ "Knollenbildung im Spätsommer" ], "en": [ "Tuber formation in late summer" ] }, "drought_tolerant": true, "drought_sensitivity": "low", "waterlogging_sensitive": true, "mulching_recommended": true, "water_notes": { "de": "Gleichmäßige Feuchtigkeit fördert die Knollenentwicklung, Staunässe vermeiden.", "en": "Consistent moisture promotes tuber development, avoid waterlogging." } }, "nutrition": { "nutrient_group": "medium_feeder", "heavy_feeder": false, "medium_feeder": true, "light_feeder": false, "nitrogen_need": "medium", "phosphorus_need": "medium", "potassium_need": "high", "calcium_need": "low", "magnesium_need": "low", "compost_recommended": true, "mulching_recommended": true, "fertilizer_sensitivity": "low", "nutrition_notes": { "de": "Kaliumbetonte Düngung unterstützt die Knollenreife.", "en": "Potassium-heavy fertilization supports tuber ripening." } }, "container": { "container_suitable": true, "min_pot_volume_l": 10.0, "recommended_pot_volume_l": 20.0, "min_pot_depth_cm": 25.0, "min_pot_diameter_cm": 30.0, "plants_per_container_min": 1.0, "plants_per_container_max": 3.0, "drainage_required": true, "repotting_needed": false, "container_notes": { "de": "Hervorragend für Kübel geeignet; erleichtert die Ernte durch Auskippen.", "en": "Excellent for containers; facilitates harvesting by tipping out." } }, "support": { "needs_support": false, "support_recommended": false, "climbing": false, "vining": false, "trellis_recommended": false, "training_required": false, "support_notes": { "de": "Stabil stehendes Grasgewächs.", "en": "Stable, upright growing sedge." } }, "cultivation_modes": { "outdoor_bed_suitable": true, "raised_bed_suitable": true, "container_suitable": true, "balcony_suitable": true, "greenhouse_suitable": true, "polytunnel_suitable": true, "indoor_suitable": false, "windowsill_suitable": false, "hydroponic_possible": false, "permaculture_suitable": true, "no_dig_suitable": true }, "yield_density": { "yield_per_plant_min": 0.1, "yield_per_plant_max": 0.5, "yield_unit": "kg", "yield_per_sqm_min": 1.0, "yield_per_sqm_max": 3.0, "yield_reliability": "medium", "yield_notes": { "de": "Der Ertrag hängt stark von der Sommerwärme ab.", "en": "Yield depends heavily on summer warmth." } } }, "site": { "exposure": "full sun", "wind_protection_needed": false, "site_notes": { "de": "Bevorzugt vollsonnige, warme und geschützte Lagen.", "en": "Prefers full sun, warm and sheltered locations." } }, "soil": { "soil_type": "sandy loam", "ph_min": 5.5, "ph_max": 7.0, "drainage_importance": "high", "soil_notes": { "de": "Leichte, sandige Böden sind ideal für die Ausbildung der Knollen und eine einfache Ernte.", "en": "Light, sandy soils are ideal for tuber development and easy harvesting." } }, "watering": { "strategy": "regular", "drought_response": "stunted growth", "watering_notes": { "de": "In Trockenperioden regelmäßig wässern, um die Knollenbildung nicht zu unterbrechen.", "en": "Water regularly during dry spells to ensure tuber formation is not interrupted." } }, "nutrition": { "strategy": "moderate fertilization", "organic_preferred": true, "nutrition_notes": { "de": "Gereifter Kompost bei Pflanzung einarbeiten; zu viel Stickstoff fördert nur das Laub.", "en": "Incorporate well-rotted compost at planting; excessive nitrogen only promotes foliage." } }, "cultivation_planning": { "succession_sowing": { "possible": false }, "bed_planning_notes": { "de": "Kann invasiv werden, wenn Knollen im Boden verbleiben; in kühlen Regionen meist durch Frost begrenzt.", "en": "Can become invasive if tubers remain in the ground; in cool regions usually limited by frost." }, "rotation_priority": "medium", "interplanting_potential": "low", "mechanization_relevance": "medium" }, "crop_rotation": { "rotation_break_years": 3, "preceding_crops": { "de": [ "Leguminosen", "Frühe Radieschen", "Salat" ], "en": [ "Legumes", "Early radishes", "Lettuce" ] }, "following_crops": { "de": [ "Schwachzehrer", "Gründüngung" ], "en": [ "Light feeders", "Green manure" ] }, "notes": { "de": "Da die Erdmandel spät geerntet wird, folgen meist erst im nächsten Frühjahr neue Kulturen.", "en": "Since tiger nuts are harvested late, following crops are usually planted the next spring." } }, "companion_planting": { "approach": "mixed_cropping", "good_neighbors": [ { "slug": "salat", "name": { "de": "Salat", "en": "Lettuce" }, "reason": { "de": "Kurze Kulturdauer, nutzt den Platz bis die Erdmandel groß wird.", "en": "Short cultivation period, uses space until tiger nuts grow large." }, "relationship_type": "beneficial" }, { "slug": "radieschen", "name": { "de": "Radieschen", "en": "Radish" }, "reason": { "de": "Schnelle Ernte vor der Ausbreitung der Erdmandel.", "en": "Quick harvest before tiger nuts spread." }, "relationship_type": "beneficial" } ], "bad_neighbors": [ { "slug": "kartoffel", "name": { "de": "Kartoffel", "en": "Potato" }, "reason": { "de": "Konkurrenz um Wurzelraum und Nährstoffe; Erschwerung der Ernte.", "en": "Competition for root space and nutrients; complicates harvesting." }, "relationship_type": "antagonistic" } ], "design_rules": { "de": [ "Nicht neben stark wuchernde Wurzelgemüse pflanzen.", "Kombination mit flachwurzelnden Kulturen bevorzugen." ], "en": [ "Do not plant next to vigorously spreading root vegetables.", "Prefer combinations with shallow-rooted crops." ] }, "notes": { "de": "Erdmandeln werden am besten in separaten Beeten oder Kübeln gehalten, um unkontrollierte Ausbreitung zu verhindern.", "en": "Tiger nuts are best kept in separate beds or containers to prevent uncontrolled spreading." } }, "deficiencies": { "nitrogen": { "de": "Blasses, hellgrünes Laub; verringertes Wachstum.", "en": "Pale, light green foliage; stunted growth." }, "potassium": { "de": "Geringe Knollenbildung, schwache Zellstruktur.", "en": "Poor tuber formation, weak cell structure." } }, "problems": { "weed_competition": { "de": "Erdmandeln wachsen anfangs langsam und werden leicht von Unkraut unterdrückt.", "en": "Tiger nuts grow slowly initially and are easily suppressed by weeds." }, "invasiveness": { "de": "Verbleibende Knollen können im nächsten Jahr ungewollt austreiben.", "en": "Remaining tubers may sprout unintentionally the following year." } }, "problem_management": { "common_pest_groups": { "de": [ "Nagetiere" ], "en": [ "Rodents" ] }, "common_disease_groups": { "de": [ "Pilzerkrankungen (bei zu viel Nässe)" ], "en": [ "Fungal diseases (if too wet)" ] }, "prevention_principles": { "de": [ "Staunässe unbedingt vermeiden.", "Regelmäßiges Jäten in der Jugendphase.", "Verwendung von Drahtkörben gegen Wühlmäuse." ], "en": [ "Strictly avoid waterlogging.", "Regular weeding during the early stages.", "Use of wire baskets against voles." ] }, "diagnosis_notes": { "de": "Welkende Blätter trotz feuchtem Boden deuten oft auf Wurzelprobleme oder Schädlinge an den Knollen hin.", "en": "Wilting leaves despite moist soil often indicate root problems or pests attacking the tubers." } }, "disease_graph": { "scope": "Cyperus esculentus specific", "profiles": [ { "slug": "rhizoctonia", "severity": "medium", "conditions": { "de": [ "Kühle, sehr nasse Witterung", "Verdichteter Boden" ], "en": [ "Cool, very wet weather", "Compacted soil" ] }, "affected_parts": { "de": [ "Wurzeln", "Knollen" ], "en": [ "Roots", "Tubers" ] }, "prevention": { "de": [ "Bodendurchlüftung verbessern", "Fruchtfolge einhalten" ], "en": [ "Improve soil aeration", "Observe crop rotation" ] }, "organic_control": { "de": [ "Betroffene Pflanzen entfernen", "Boden lockern" ], "en": [ "Remove affected plants", "Loosen soil" ] } } ], "diagnostic_rules": [ { "symptom": { "de": "Gelbe Blattspitzen", "en": "Yellow leaf tips" }, "possible_causes": [ "waterlogging", "nutrient_deficiency" ], "first_checks": { "de": [ "Bodenfeuchtigkeit prüfen", "Düngung kontrollieren" ], "en": [ "Check soil moisture", "Review fertilization" ] } } ], "prevention_strategy": { "cultural": { "de": [ "Dammkultur zur besseren Entwässerung", "Vorkultur zur Stärkung" ], "en": [ "Ridge cultivation for better drainage", "Pre-cultivation for strengthening" ] }, "monitoring": { "de": [ "Ab August auf Wühlmausgänge prüfen" ], "en": [ "Check for vole tunnels from August onwards" ] }, "organic_first_response": { "de": [ "Wassergaben reduzieren", "Unkraut mechanisch entfernen" ], "en": [ "Reduce watering", "Remove weeds mechanically" ] }, "notes": { "de": "Erdmandeln sind generell sehr robust und wenig anfällig für Krankheiten.", "en": "Tiger nuts are generally very robust and not very susceptible to diseases." } } }, "diagnosis": { "leaf_yellowing": { "de": "Häufig Zeichen von Stickstoffmangel oder zu nassem Stand.", "en": "Often a sign of nitrogen deficiency or overly wet conditions." }, "stunted_growth": { "de": "Meist auf Lichtmangel oder zu niedrige Temperaturen zurückzuführen.", "en": "Usually due to lack of light or temperatures being too low." } }, "phenology": { "stages": { "de": [ "Keimung der Knollen", "Vegetatives Wachstum des grasartigen Laubs", "Ausläuferbildung (Rhizome)", "Bildung neuer Tochterknollen an den Rhizomenden", "Blüte (in Mitteleuropa selten)", "Einziehen und Vergilben des Laubs im Herbst" ], "en": [ "Tuber germination", "Vegetative growth of grass-like foliage", "Stolon formation (rhizomes)", "Formation of new daughter tubers at rhizome ends", "Flowering (rare in Central Europe)", "Senescence and yellowing of foliage in autumn" ] }, "notes": { "de": "In Mitteleuropa wird der Zyklus meist durch die ersten Fröste beendet, bevor die Pflanze voll ausreifen kann.", "en": "In Central Europe, the growth cycle is usually terminated by the first frosts before the plant can fully mature." } }, "flowering_pollination": { "flowering_period": { "months": [ 7, 8, 9 ], "notes": { "de": "Blüht in kühleren Regionen nur selten; die Vermehrung erfolgt primär vegetativ über Knollen.", "en": "Rarely flowers in cooler regions; propagation occurs primarily vegetatively via tubers." } }, "flower_description": { "de": "Unscheinbare, gelblich-braune Ähren in einer endständigen Spirale.", "en": "Inconspicuous, yellowish-brown spikelets in a terminal umbel." } }, "pollination": { "summary": { "de": "Windbestäubung, spielt jedoch im Gartenbau eine untergeordnete Rolle, da die Ernte die Knollen betrifft.", "en": "Wind-pollinated, though this plays a minor role in gardening as the harvest focuses on tubers." }, "pollinator_required": false, "self_fertility": "self-fertile", "pollinator_notes": { "de": "Die Pflanze ist nicht auf Insekten angewiesen.", "en": "The plant does not rely on insects for pollination." } }, "harvest": { "harvest_period": { "months": [ 10, 11 ], "notes": { "de": "Die Ernte erfolgt nach dem ersten Frost oder wenn das Laub vollständig braun geworden ist.", "en": "Harvesting occurs after the first frost or when the foliage has turned completely brown." } }, "yield_estimate": { "de": "Bis zu 500g pro Pflanze bei idealen Bedingungen.", "en": "Up to 500g per plant under ideal conditions." } }, "harvest_details": { "harvest_frequency": { "de": "Einmalige Haupternte am Saisonende.", "en": "Single main harvest at the end of the season." }, "harvest_indicators": { "de": [ "Laub ist vollständig vertrocknet und braun", "Die Knollen haben ihre typische braune, runzelige Haut entwickelt", "Erster Frost hat das Wachstum gestoppt" ], "en": [ "Foliage is completely withered and brown", "Tubers have developed their typical brown, wrinkled skin", "First frost has stopped growth" ] }, "post_harvest_handling": { "de": "Knollen gründlich waschen, von Wurzelresten befreien und an einem luftigen Ort trocknen, bis sie hart werden.", "en": "Wash tubers thoroughly, remove root remains, and dry in an airy spot until they become hard." } }, "storage": { "storage_conditions": { "de": "Trocken, kühl und dunkel.", "en": "Dry, cool, and dark." }, "storage_temperature_c": 10.0 }, "storage_details": { "general_storage_category": { "de": "Trockenlagerung", "en": "Dry storage" }, "storage_life": { "de": "Getrocknet bis zu 2 Jahre haltbar.", "en": "Up to 2 years when dried." }, "processing_options": { "de": [ "Trocknen", "Mahlen zu Mehl", "Rösten", "Einlegen" ], "en": [ "Drying", "Milling into flour", "Roasting", "Pickling" ] } }, "processing_use": { "preparation_steps": { "de": [ "Einweichen für 12-24 Stunden vor dem Verzehr (wenn getrocknet)", "Reinigen mit einer Bürste" ], "en": [ "Soak for 12-24 hours before consumption (if dried)", "Clean with a brush" ] } }, "kitchen_usage": { "culinary_applications": { "de": [ "Roh als Snack", "Basis für Horchata de Chufa (Erdmandelmilch)", "Zutat in Müsli oder Joghurt", "Glutenfreies Backmehl" ], "en": [ "Raw as a snack", "Base for Horchata de Chufa (tiger nut milk)", "Ingredient in muesli or yogurt", "Gluten-free baking flour" ] }, "flavor_profile": { "de": "Süßlich, nussig, erinnert an Mandeln oder Haselnüsse.", "en": "Sweet, nutty, reminiscent of almonds or hazelnuts." } }, "safety_and_edibility": { "edible_parts": { "de": [ "Unterirdische Knollen" ], "en": [ "Underground tubers" ] }, "inedible_or_caution_parts": { "de": [ "Grünes Laub (sehr faserig und scharfkantig)" ], "en": [ "Green foliage (very fibrous and sharp-edged)" ] }, "toxicity_notes": { "de": "Keine Toxizität bekannt; sicher für den menschlichen Verzehr.", "en": "No known toxicity; safe for human consumption." }, "raw_consumption": { "de": "Roh essbar, im getrockneten Zustand jedoch sehr hart (Einweichen empfohlen).", "en": "Edible raw, but very hard when dried (soaking recommended)." } }, "seed_saving": { "strategy": { "de": "Erhalt durch Überwinterung der Knollen.", "en": "Maintenance by overwintering tubers." }, "selection_criteria": { "de": [ "Größte und gesundeste Knollen auswählen", "Keine Anzeichen von Fäulnis" ], "en": [ "Select largest and healthiest tubers", "No signs of rot" ] } }, "seed_saving_advanced": { "storage_method": { "de": "Knollen in leicht feuchtem Sand frostfrei im Keller lagern.", "en": "Store tubers in slightly damp sand in a frost-free cellar." }, "viability_check": { "de": "Knollen sollten fest sein und bei Druck nicht nachgeben.", "en": "Tubers should be firm and not give way under pressure." } }, "varieties": [ { "slug": "chufa-de-valencia", "name": "Chufa de Valencia", "description": { "de": "Traditionelle spanische Sorte, bekannt für hohen Ölgehalt und süßen Geschmack; ideal für Horchata.", "en": "Traditional Spanish variety, known for high oil content and sweet flavor; ideal for Horchata." } }, { "slug": "black-tiger", "name": "Black Tiger", "description": { "de": "Dunkelhäutige Selektion, oft etwas größer und mit intensivem, nussigem Aroma.", "en": "Dark-skinned selection, often slightly larger and with an intense, nutty aroma." } } ], "woody_crop_details": { "rootstock_relevance": "not_applicable", "renewal_pruning_relevance": "not_applicable", "notes": { "de": "Als krautiges Sauergrasgewächs benötigt die Erdmandel keine Veredelung oder holzartigen Schnitt.", "en": "As a herbaceous sedge, tiger nut requires no grafting or woody pruning." } }, "pruning_logic": { "scope": "maintenance_only", "system": "herbaceous_management", "remove": { "de": [ "Vertrocknetes Laub im Spätherbst", "Abgestorbene Blattspitzen während der Saison" ], "en": [ "Dried foliage in late autumn", "Dead leaf tips during the season" ] }, "preserve": { "de": [ "Grünes, aktives Laub zur Photosynthese und Knollenbildung" ], "en": [ "Green, active foliage for photosynthesis and tuber formation" ] }, "avoid": { "de": [ "Rückschnitt während der Hauptwachstumsphase im Sommer", "Beschädigung der Rhizome beim Jäten" ], "en": [ "Pruning during the main growth phase in summer", "Damaging rhizomes while weeding" ] }, "timing_rules": [ { "season": "autumn", "months": [ 10, 11 ], "purpose": { "de": "Erntevorbereitung", "en": "Harvest preparation" }, "notes": { "de": "Laub erst entfernen, wenn es vollständig eingezogen ist, um maximale Nährstoffeinlagerung in die Knollen zu gewährleisten.", "en": "Only remove foliage once it has completely withered to ensure maximum nutrient storage in the tubers." } } ], "cut_location_rules": { "de": [ "Schnitt erfolgt bodennah nach dem Absterben des Laubs." ], "en": [ "Cut is made close to the ground after the foliage dies back." ] }, "intensity_rules": { "maintenance": "low", "harvest_cleanup": "total_removal" }, "decision_tree": [ { "condition": { "de": "Ist das Laub im Herbst braun?", "en": "Is the foliage brown in autumn?" }, "action": { "de": "Oberirdisches Laub entfernen und Knollen ernten.", "en": "Remove above-ground foliage and harvest tubers." } } ], "tool_hygiene": { "de": "Saubere Gartenschere für das Entfernen von Restlaub verwenden, um Krankheitsübertragung zu vermeiden.", "en": "Use clean pruning shears for removing residual foliage to prevent disease transmission." }, "diagram_requirements": { "de": [ "Darstellung der unterirdischen Rhizomstruktur", "Schema der Knollenbildung an den Ausläufern" ], "en": [ "Illustration of the underground rhizome structure", "Diagram of tuber formation on the runners" ] }, "notes": { "de": "Da die Pflanze in Mitteleuropa meist einjährig kultiviert wird, beschränkt sich die Pflege auf das Entfernen von Unkraut und die Erntebereinigung.", "en": "Since the plant is usually cultivated as an annual in Central Europe, maintenance is limited to weeding and harvest cleanup." } }, "ecology": { "wildlife_value": "low", "biodiversity_notes": { "de": "Bietet wenig Nutzen für Bestäuber, kann aber Deckung für kleine Bodenlebewesen bieten.", "en": "Provides little benefit for pollinators but can offer cover for small ground-dwelling organisms." } }, "practical_notes": [ { "title": { "de": "Ernte-Tipp", "en": "Harvest Tip" }, "text": { "de": "Verwenden Sie ein feinmaschiges Sieb, um die kleinen Knollen aus der Erde zu sieben.", "en": "Use a fine-mesh sieve to sift the small tubers out of the soil." } } ], "seasonal_content": { "spring": { "de": "Zeit für die Vorkultur auf der Fensterbank.", "en": "Time for pre-cultivation on the windowsill." }, "autumn": { "de": "Nach dem ersten Frost beginnt das große Sieben.", "en": "After the first frost, the big sifting begins." } }, "slug": "erdmandel", "sources": [ { "title": "Wikidata entity", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165724", "publisher": "Wikidata", "date_accessed": "2026-05-13" }, { "title": "GBIF species match", "url": "https://api.gbif.org/v1/species/match?name=Cyperus%20esculentus&kingdom=Plantae", "publisher": "GBIF", "date_accessed": "2026-05-13" }, { "title": "Deutschsprachige Wikipedia: Erdmandel", "url": "https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erdmandel", "publisher": "Wikipedia", "date_accessed": "2026-05-13" }, { "title": "English Wikipedia: Cyperus esculentus", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyperus_esculentus", "publisher": "Wikipedia", "date_accessed": "2026-05-13" } ] }