{
  "names": {
    "common": {
      "de": "Dicke Bohne",
      "en": "broad bean"
    },
    "plural": {
      "de": "Dicke Bohnen",
      "en": "broad beans"
    },
    "botanical": "Vicia faba",
    "botanical_author": "L.",
    "scientific_synonyms": [
      "Faba bona",
      "Faba equina",
      "Faba major",
      "Faba minor",
      "Faba sativa",
      "Faba vulgaris"
    ],
    "synonyms": {
      "de": [
        "Ackerbohne",
        "Puffbohne",
        "Feldbohne",
        "Saubohne",
        "Schweinsbohne",
        "Pferdebohne",
        "Fababohne",
        "Faberbohne",
        "Favabohne",
        "Viehbohne"
      ],
      "en": [
        "fava bean",
        "faba bean",
        "field bean",
        "bell bean",
        "tic bean",
        "horse bean"
      ]
    },
    "common_synonyms": {
      "de": [
        "Ackerbohne",
        "Puffbohne",
        "Saubohne"
      ],
      "en": [
        "fava bean",
        "faba bean"
      ]
    },
    "market_names": {
      "de": [
        "Dicke Bohnen",
        "Puffbohnen"
      ],
      "en": [
        "fava beans",
        "broad beans"
      ]
    },
    "misspellings": {
      "de": [
        "Dickbohne"
      ],
      "en": [
        "favabean"
      ]
    },
    "international_names": {
      "fr": [
        "fève"
      ],
      "es": [
        "haba"
      ],
      "it": [
        "fava"
      ],
      "pl": [
        "bób"
      ]
    },
    "ambiguous_names": [
      {
        "name": "field bean",
        "language": "en",
        "shared_with": [
          "Phaseolus vulgaris"
        ],
        "clarification": {
          "de": "Bezieht sich hier speziell auf die kleinsamigen Sorten von Vicia faba, die als Viehfutter verwendet werden.",
          "en": "In this context, refers specifically to small-seeded varieties of Vicia faba used for livestock."
        }
      }
    ],
    "search_terms": {
      "de": [
        "Dicke Bohne",
        "Ackerbohne",
        "Puffbohne",
        "Vicia faba"
      ],
      "en": [
        "broad bean",
        "fava bean",
        "Vicia faba"
      ]
    }
  },
  "taxonomy": {
    "kingdom": "Plantae",
    "clades": [
      "Tracheophyta",
      "Angiospermae",
      "Eudicotyledoneae",
      "Rosids",
      "Fabids"
    ],
    "order": "Fabales",
    "family_botanical": "Fabaceae",
    "family": {
      "de": "Hülsenfrüchtler",
      "en": "legumes"
    },
    "family_id": "fabaceae",
    "subfamily": "Faboideae",
    "tribe": "Fabeae",
    "genus": "Vicia",
    "species": "Vicia faba",
    "hybrid_status": "not_hybrid",
    "related_crops": [
      "Vicia narbonensis",
      "Vicia sepium",
      "Pisum sativum",
      "Lens culinaris"
    ]
  },
  "classification": {
    "main_group": "vegetable",
    "sub_group": "legume",
    "crop_group": "pulses",
    "life_cycle": "Annual",
    "perennial": false,
    "woody": false,
    "tree": false,
    "shrub": false,
    "edible_parts": {
      "de": [
        "Samen",
        "Hülsen (jung)",
        "Triebspitzen"
      ],
      "en": [
        "seeds",
        "pods (young)",
        "shoot tips"
      ]
    },
    "nutrient_group": "high_protein"
  },
  "calendar": {
    "sowing_indoor": {
      "months": [
        1,
        2
      ],
      "earliest_month": 1,
      "latest_month": 2,
      "notes": {
        "de": "Vorkultur in Töpfen für frühe Ernte möglich, aber Direktsaat bevorzugt.",
        "en": "Pre-culture in pots possible for early harvest, though direct sowing is preferred."
      }
    },
    "sowing_outdoor": {
      "months": [
        2,
        3,
        4,
        5
      ],
      "earliest_month": 2,
      "latest_month": 5,
      "notes": {
        "de": "Frühestmögliche Aussaat nutzen, sobald der Boden bearbeitbar ist (Februar/März).",
        "en": "Use the earliest possible sowing window as soon as soil is workable (February/March)."
      }
    },
    "planting_out": {
      "months": [
        3,
        4
      ],
      "earliest_month": 3,
      "latest_month": 4,
      "notes": {
        "de": "Auspflanzen von Vorkulturen ab März; verträgt leichten Frost.",
        "en": "Planting out pre-cultured seedlings from March; tolerates light frost."
      }
    },
    "harvest": {
      "months": [
        5,
        6,
        7,
        8
      ],
      "earliest_month": 5,
      "latest_month": 8,
      "notes": {
        "de": "Ernte junger Hülsen ab Mai, reife Kerne ab Juni/Juli.",
        "en": "Harvest young pods from May, mature seeds from June/July."
      }
    },
    "month_tasks": {
      "2": [
        {
          "de": "Frühaussaat im Freiland bei offenem Boden.",
          "en": "Early outdoor sowing if soil is not frozen."
        }
      ],
      "3": [
        {
          "de": "Hauptaussaat und Anhäufeln der ersten Triebe.",
          "en": "Main sowing and hilling up first shoots."
        }
      ],
      "5": [
        {
          "de": "Triebspitzen kappen gegen Schwarze Bohnenlaus.",
          "en": "Pinch out tips to deter black bean aphids."
        }
      ],
      "6": [
        {
          "de": "Erntebeginn und ausreichende Bewässerung sicherstellen.",
          "en": "Start of harvest and ensure adequate watering."
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  "book_content": {
    "overview": {
      "de": "Die Dicke Bohne ist eine der ältesten Kulturpflanzen Europas und ein Muss für den Selbstversorgergarten im zeitigen Frühjahr.",
      "en": "The broad bean is one of Europe's oldest cultivated plants and a must-have for early spring self-sufficiency gardens."
    }
  },
  "structured_month_tasks": {
    "2": [
      {
        "task": "sowing",
        "label": {
          "de": "Frühaussaat",
          "en": "Early Sowing"
        },
        "priority": "medium",
        "months": [
          2
        ],
        "notes": {
          "de": "Saattiefe ca. 5-8 cm.",
          "en": "Sowing depth approx. 5-8 cm."
        }
      }
    ],
    "5": [
      {
        "task": "pest_control",
        "label": {
          "de": "Schädlingsprävention",
          "en": "Pest Prevention"
        },
        "priority": "high",
        "months": [
          5,
          6
        ],
        "notes": {
          "de": "Triebspitzen nach der Blüte kappen.",
          "en": "Pinch out growing tips after flowering."
        }
      }
    ]
  },
  "cultivation_specs": {
    "seed": {
      "seed_depth_cm_min": 5.0,
      "seed_depth_cm_max": 10.0,
      "light_germinator": false,
      "dark_germinator": true,
      "cold_germinator": false,
      "stratification_needed": false,
      "pre_soaking_recommended": true,
      "germination_temp_c_min": 2.0,
      "germination_temp_c_max": 20.0,
      "germination_days_min": 10,
      "germination_days_max": 20,
      "seed_lifespan_years_min": 4,
      "seed_lifespan_years_max": 6,
      "direct_sowing_possible": true,
      "pre_culture_recommended": false
    },
    "spacing": {
      "plant_spacing_cm_min": 10.0,
      "plant_spacing_cm_max": 20.0,
      "row_spacing_cm_min": 30.0,
      "row_spacing_cm_max": 50.0,
      "recommended_density_per_sqm_min": 20.0,
      "recommended_density_per_sqm_max": 25.0,
      "min_bed_width_cm": 60.0,
      "square_foot_gardening_spacing": "4 per square foot",
      "spacing_notes": {
        "de": "Engere Abstände in der Reihe sorgen für gegenseitigen Halt.",
        "en": "Closer spacing within the row provides mutual support."
      }
    },
    "growth_dimensions": {
      "height_cm_min": 60.0,
      "height_cm_max": 120.0,
      "width_cm_min": 20.0,
      "width_cm_max": 40.0,
      "root_depth_cm_min": 60.0,
      "root_depth_cm_max": 100.0,
      "root_spread_cm_min": 15.0,
      "root_spread_cm_max": 30.0,
      "growth_speed": "medium",
      "final_size_notes": {
        "de": "Kräftiger, aufrechter Wuchs; Standfestigkeit sortenabhängig.",
        "en": "Strong, upright growth; stability depends on variety."
      }
    },
    "temperature": {
      "min_growing_temp_c": 5.0,
      "optimal_temp_c_min": 15.0,
      "optimal_temp_c_max": 20.0,
      "max_heat_tolerance_c": 28.0,
      "soil_temp_for_sowing_c_min": 2.0,
      "soil_temp_for_sowing_c_optimal": 10.0,
      "frost_sensitive": false,
      "late_frost_sensitive": false,
      "heat_tolerance": "low",
      "cold_tolerance": "high",
      "temperature_notes": {
        "de": "Kühle Witterung wird bevorzugt; Hitze im Sommer reduziert den Fruchtansatz.",
        "en": "Prefers cool weather; summer heat reduces pod set."
      }
    },
    "water": {
      "water_need": "high",
      "critical_water_phases": {
        "de": [
          "Blütezeit",
          "Hülsenbildung"
        ],
        "en": [
          "Flowering stage",
          "Pod development"
        ]
      },
      "drought_tolerant": false,
      "drought_sensitivity": "high",
      "waterlogging_sensitive": true,
      "mulching_recommended": true,
      "water_notes": {
        "de": "Gleichmäßige Feuchtigkeit wichtig, besonders auf leichten Böden.",
        "en": "Consistent moisture is important, especially in light soils."
      }
    },
    "nutrition": {
      "nutrient_group": "nitrogen_fixer",
      "heavy_feeder": false,
      "medium_feeder": false,
      "light_feeder": true,
      "nitrogen_need": "very_low",
      "phosphorus_need": "medium",
      "potassium_need": "medium",
      "calcium_need": "high",
      "magnesium_need": "medium",
      "compost_recommended": true,
      "mulching_recommended": true,
      "fertilizer_sensitivity": "low",
      "nutrition_notes": {
        "de": "Stickstofffixierung durch Knöllchenbakterien; Kalium und Phosphat fördern den Ertrag.",
        "en": "Nitrogen fixation via rhizobia; potassium and phosphate improve yield."
      }
    },
    "container": {
      "container_suitable": true,
      "min_pot_volume_l": 10.0,
      "recommended_pot_volume_l": 20.0,
      "min_pot_depth_cm": 30.0,
      "min_pot_diameter_cm": 25.0,
      "plants_per_container_min": 1.0,
      "plants_per_container_max": 3.0,
      "drainage_required": true,
      "repotting_needed": false,
      "container_notes": {
        "de": "Nur für tiefe Kübel geeignet; auf Windschutz achten.",
        "en": "Only suitable for deep containers; ensure wind protection."
      }
    },
    "support": {
      "needs_support": false,
      "support_recommended": true,
      "climbing": false,
      "vining": false,
      "trellis_recommended": false,
      "support_types": [
        "stake",
        "string",
        "natural_support"
      ],
      "support_height_cm_min": 60.0,
      "support_height_cm_max": 100.0,
      "training_required": false,
      "support_notes": {
        "de": "Anhäufeln verbessert Standfestigkeit; Schnüre zwischen Pfosten bei hohen Sorten.",
        "en": "Hilling up improves stability; strings between posts for tall varieties."
      }
    },
    "cultivation_modes": {
      "outdoor_bed_suitable": true,
      "raised_bed_suitable": true,
      "container_suitable": true,
      "balcony_suitable": true,
      "greenhouse_suitable": false,
      "polytunnel_suitable": false,
      "indoor_suitable": false,
      "windowsill_suitable": false,
      "hydroponic_possible": false,
      "permaculture_suitable": true,
      "no_dig_suitable": true
    },
    "yield_density": {
      "yield_per_plant_min": 0.2,
      "yield_per_plant_max": 0.5,
      "yield_unit": "kg",
      "yield_per_sqm_min": 1.0,
      "yield_per_sqm_max": 2.5,
      "yield_reliability": "high",
      "yield_notes": {
        "de": "Ertrag variiert stark nach Erntezeitpunkt (jung vs. vollreif).",
        "en": "Yield varies significantly based on harvest time (young vs. fully mature)."
      }
    }
  },
  "site": {
    "exposure": "sunny to semi-shade",
    "wind_sensitivity": "medium",
    "notes": {
      "de": "Bevorzugt kühle, luftige Lagen.",
      "en": "Prefers cool, airy locations."
    }
  },
  "soil": {
    "type": "loamy",
    "ph_min": 6.0,
    "ph_max": 7.5,
    "moisture": "fresh to moist",
    "notes": {
      "de": "Schwere, tiefgründige Böden mit guter Wasserspeicherung ideal.",
      "en": "Heavy, deep soils with good water retention are ideal."
    }
  },
  "watering": {
    "frequency": "regular",
    "notes": {
      "de": "Während der Blütezeit darf der Boden nie ganz austrocknen.",
      "en": "During flowering, the soil must never dry out completely."
    }
  },
  "nutrition": {
    "regime": "low nitrogen, moderate PK",
    "notes": {
      "de": "Vorfruchtwert hoch; hinterlässt Stickstoff im Boden.",
      "en": "High preceding crop value; leaves nitrogen in the soil."
    }
  },
  "cultivation_planning": {
    "succession_sowing": {
      "possible": true,
      "interval_days_min": 14,
      "interval_days_max": 21
    },
    "bed_planning_notes": {
      "de": "Gute Nachbarn: Kartoffeln, Kohl, Salat. Schlechte Nachbarn: Andere Leguminosen, Zwiebeln.",
      "en": "Good companions: potatoes, cabbage, lettuce. Poor companions: other legumes, onions."
    },
    "rotation_priority": "high",
    "interplanting_potential": "moderate",
    "mechanization_relevance": "high"
  },
  "crop_rotation": {
    "rotation_period_years": 4,
    "preceding_crops": {
      "de": [
        "Kohl",
        "Kartoffeln",
        "Wurzelgemüse"
      ],
      "en": [
        "Cabbage",
        "Potatoes",
        "Root vegetables"
      ]
    },
    "following_crops": {
      "de": [
        "Starkzehrer",
        "Kohl",
        "Salat",
        "Spinat"
      ],
      "en": [
        "Heavy feeders",
        "Brassicas",
        "Lettuce",
        "Spinach"
      ]
    },
    "notes": {
      "de": "Dicke Bohnen sind hervorragende Stickstoffsammler und verbessern die Bodenstruktur für nachfolgende Kulturen.",
      "en": "Broad beans are excellent nitrogen fixers and improve soil structure for subsequent crops."
    }
  },
  "companion_planting": {
    "approach": "mixed_cropping",
    "good_neighbors": [
      {
        "slug": "solanum-tuberosum",
        "name": {
          "de": "Kartoffel",
          "en": "Potato"
        },
        "reason": {
          "de": "Bohnen schützen Kartoffeln vor dem Kartoffelkäfer; Kartoffeln lockern den Boden.",
          "en": "Beans protect potatoes from the Colorado potato beetle; potatoes loosen the soil."
        },
        "relationship_type": "symbiotic"
      },
      {
        "slug": "brassica-oleracea",
        "name": {
          "de": "Kohl",
          "en": "Cabbage"
        },
        "reason": {
          "de": "Bohnen liefern Stickstoff für den nährstoffhungrigen Kohl.",
          "en": "Beans provide nitrogen for the nutrient-hungry cabbage."
        },
        "relationship_type": "beneficial"
      }
    ],
    "bad_neighbors": [
      {
        "slug": "allium-cepa",
        "name": {
          "de": "Zwiebel",
          "en": "Onion"
        },
        "reason": {
          "de": "Hemmen sich gegenseitig im Wachstum (typisch für Leguminosen und Allium-Arten).",
          "en": "Inhibit each other's growth (typical for legumes and Allium species)."
        },
        "relationship_type": "antagonistic"
      },
      {
        "slug": "allium-sativum",
        "name": {
          "de": "Knoblauch",
          "en": "Garlic"
        },
        "reason": {
          "de": "Wachstumshemmung durch Wurzelausscheidungen.",
          "en": "Growth inhibition due to root exudates."
        },
        "relationship_type": "antagonistic"
      }
    ],
    "companion_scores": [
      {
        "target_slug": "solanum-tuberosum",
        "score": 5,
        "reasons": [
          "Pest deterrence",
          "Nutrient synergy"
        ]
      }
    ],
    "design_rules": {
      "de": [
        "Nicht nach anderen Leguminosen anbauen.",
        "Reihenabstände einhalten, um Luftzirkulation zu gewährleisten."
      ],
      "en": [
        "Do not plant after other legumes.",
        "Maintain row spacing to ensure air circulation."
      ]
    },
    "notes": {
      "de": "Bohnenkraut kann zusätzlich gepflanzt werden, um die Schwarze Bohnenlaus zu verwirren.",
      "en": "Summer savory can be interplanted to confuse the black bean aphid."
    }
  },
  "deficiencies": [
    {
      "slug": "potassium-deficiency",
      "name": {
        "de": "Kaliummangel",
        "en": "Potassium deficiency"
      },
      "symptoms": {
        "de": [
          "Blattränder werden braun und sterben ab"
        ],
        "en": [
          "Leaf margins turn brown and die off"
        ]
      }
    }
  ],
  "problems": [
    {
      "slug": "flower-drop",
      "name": {
        "de": "Blütenfall",
        "en": "Flower drop"
      },
      "causes": {
        "de": [
          "Trockenheit während der Blüte",
          "Zu hohe Temperaturen"
        ],
        "en": [
          "Drought during flowering",
          "Excessively high temperatures"
        ]
      }
    }
  ],
  "problem_management": {
    "common_pest_groups": {
      "de": [
        "Blattläuse",
        "Käfer"
      ],
      "en": [
        "Aphids",
        "Weevils"
      ]
    },
    "common_disease_groups": {
      "de": [
        "Pilzerkrankungen"
      ],
      "en": [
        "Fungal diseases"
      ]
    },
    "prevention_principles": {
      "de": [
        "Frühe Aussaat",
        "Ausreichend weite Abstände",
        "Kappen der Triebspitzen"
      ],
      "en": [
        "Early sowing",
        "Adequate spacing",
        "Pinching out shoot tips"
      ]
    },
    "diagnosis_notes": {
      "de": "Regelmäßige Kontrolle der Triebspitzen ab Mai ist entscheidend.",
      "en": "Regular inspection of shoot tips starting in May is crucial."
    }
  },
  "disease_graph": {
    "scope": "common_ailments",
    "profiles": [
      {
        "slug": "chocolate-spot",
        "severity": "medium_to_high",
        "conditions": {
          "de": [
            "Feuchtes Wetter",
            "Mangelnde Luftzirkulation"
          ],
          "en": [
            "Wet weather",
            "Lack of air circulation"
          ]
        },
        "affected_parts": {
          "de": [
            "Blätter",
            "Stängel"
          ],
          "en": [
            "Leaves",
            "Stems"
          ]
        },
        "prevention": {
          "de": [
            "Weite Pflanzabstände",
            "Unkrautfreiheit"
          ],
          "en": [
            "Wide plant spacing",
            "Keeping weed-free"
          ]
        },
        "organic_control": {
          "de": [
            "Stärkung mit Schachtelhalmtee"
          ],
          "en": [
            "Strengthening with horsetail tea"
          ]
        }
      }
    ],
    "diagnostic_rules": [
      {
        "symptom": {
          "de": "Schwarze Insekten an den Spitzen",
          "en": "Black insects at the tips"
        },
        "possible_causes": [
          "aphis-fabae"
        ],
        "first_checks": {
          "de": [
            "Ameisenbesuch prüfen",
            "Triebspitzen kontrollieren"
          ],
          "en": [
            "Check for ant activity",
            "Inspect shoot tips"
          ]
        }
      }
    ],
    "prevention_strategy": {
      "cultural": {
        "de": [
          "Frühe Aussaat im Februar/März",
          "Anhäufeln zur Standfestigkeit"
        ],
        "en": [
          "Early sowing in February/March",
          "Hilling up for stability"
        ]
      },
      "monitoring": {
        "de": [
          "Wöchentliche Kontrolle auf Läuse ab Blütebeginn"
        ],
        "en": [
          "Weekly aphid check from start of flowering"
        ]
      },
      "organic_first_response": {
        "de": [
          "Triebspitzen kappen",
          "Abspritzen mit Wasserstrahl"
        ],
        "en": [
          "Pinch out tips",
          "Hose down with water"
        ]
      },
      "notes": {
        "de": "Früh gesäte Bohnen entgehen oft dem Hauptbefall der Schwarzen Bohnenlaus.",
        "en": "Early sown beans often escape the main infestation of black bean aphids."
      }
    }
  },
  "phenology": {
    "stages": {
      "de": [
        "Keimung",
        "Blattentwicklung",
        "Längenwachstum",
        "Blütenbildung",
        "Hülsenfruchtentwicklung",
        "Frucht- und Samenreife",
        "Absterben/Seneszenz"
      ],
      "en": [
        "Germination",
        "Leaf development",
        "Stem elongation",
        "Inflorescence emergence",
        "Pod development",
        "Ripening of fruit and seeds",
        "Senescence"
      ]
    },
    "notes": {
      "de": "Dicke Bohnen entwickeln sich schnell in der kühlen Witterung des Frühjahrs; Hitze kann die Bestäubung und das Wachstum stoppen.",
      "en": "Broad beans develop rapidly in cool spring weather; heat can halt pollination and growth."
    }
  },
  "flowering_pollination": {
    "flowering_period": {
      "de": "Mai bis Juni",
      "en": "May to June"
    },
    "flower_color": {
      "de": "Weiß mit schwarzen/violetten Flecken",
      "en": "White with black/purple spots"
    }
  },
  "pollination": {
    "summary": {
      "de": "Hauptsächlich Selbstbestäuber, aber Insektenbesuch (Hummeln) erhöht den Fruchtansatz deutlich.",
      "en": "Primarily self-pollinating, but insect visits (especially bumblebees) significantly increase pod set."
    },
    "pollinator_required": false,
    "self_fertility": "high",
    "pollinator_notes": {
      "de": "Hummeln beißen oft Löcher in die Blütenbasis (Nektarraub), bestäuben aber dennoch effektiv.",
      "en": "Bumblebees often bite holes at the base of the flower (nectar robbing) but still facilitate effective pollination."
    }
  },
  "harvest": {
    "harvest_period": {
      "de": "Juni bis August",
      "en": "June to August"
    },
    "yield_estimate": {
      "de": "1,0 - 2,5 kg pro m²",
      "en": "1.0 - 2.5 kg per sqm"
    }
  },
  "harvest_details": {
    "harvest_frequency": {
      "de": "Regelmäßig alle 3-7 Tage für junge Hülsen oder einmalig für Trockenkerne.",
      "en": "Regularly every 3-7 days for young pods or a single harvest for dry seeds."
    },
    "harvest_indicators": {
      "de": [
        "Hülsen sind prall und die Samen zeichnen sich deutlich ab",
        "Hülsen stehen bei Erntefalle waagerecht vom Stängel ab",
        "Für Trockenbohnen: Hülsen sind schwarz und trocken"
      ],
      "en": [
        "Pods are plump and seeds are clearly visible through the skin",
        "Pods hang horizontally or begin to droop when ready for fresh use",
        "For dried beans: pods are black and brittle"
      ]
    },
    "post_harvest_handling": {
      "de": "So bald wie möglich nach der Ernte palen (enthülsen), da die Zucker schnell in Stärke umgewandelt werden.",
      "en": "Shell as soon as possible after harvest as sugars quickly turn to starch."
    }
  },
  "storage": {
    "storage_methods": [
      "fresh",
      "frozen",
      "dried",
      "canned"
    ]
  },
  "storage_details": {
    "general_storage_category": {
      "de": "Kurzzeitig kühl oder langfristig getrocknet",
      "en": "Short-term cool or long-term dried"
    },
    "storage_life": {
      "de": "Frisch im Kühlschrank 2-4 Tage; getrocknet oder gefroren über 12 Monate.",
      "en": "Fresh in the refrigerator 2-4 days; dried or frozen over 12 months."
    },
    "processing_options": {
      "de": [
        "Einfrieren (nach kurzem Blanchieren)",
        "Trocknen der vollreifen Kerne",
        "Einmachen/Einkochen"
      ],
      "en": [
        "Freezing (after brief blanching)",
        "Drying fully mature seeds",
        "Canning/Preserving"
      ]
    }
  },
  "processing_use": {
    "preparation": {
      "de": "Junge Bohnen können mit Schale gegessen werden; bei älteren Bohnen empfiehlt es sich, die zähe Außenhaut der einzelnen Kerne nach dem Kochen zu entfernen.",
      "en": "Young beans can be eaten with their skins; for older beans, it is recommended to double-shell (remove the tough outer skin of each seed) after cooking."
    }
  },
  "kitchen_usage": {
    "culinary_traditions": {
      "de": [
        "Klassisch mit Speck und Zwiebeln",
        "Püriert als Aufstrich oder Hummus-Ersatz",
        "In Eintöpfen und Sommersalaten"
      ],
      "en": [
        "Classic with bacon and onions",
        "Pureed as a spread or hummus alternative",
        "In stews and summer salads"
      ]
    }
  },
  "safety_and_edibility": {
    "edible_parts": {
      "de": [
        "Samen (Kerne)",
        "Sehr junge Hülsen",
        "Zarte Triebspitzen"
      ],
      "en": [
        "Seeds (beans)",
        "Very young pods",
        "Tender shoot tips"
      ]
    },
    "inedible_or_caution_parts": {
      "de": [
        "Reife Hülsenschalen (zäh und unverdaulich)",
        "Wurzeln"
      ],
      "en": [
        "Mature pod shells (tough and indigestible)",
        "Roots"
      ]
    },
    "toxicity_notes": {
      "de": "Vorsicht bei Favismus (G6PD-Mangel): Der Verzehr kann bei genetisch disponierten Personen zu hämolytischer Anämie führen.",
      "en": "Caution regarding Favism (G6PD deficiency): Consumption can trigger hemolytic anemia in genetically predisposed individuals."
    },
    "raw_consumption": {
      "de": "Nicht für den Rohverzehr in größeren Mengen empfohlen; enthält Phasin, das durch Kochen zerstört wird.",
      "en": "Not recommended for raw consumption in large quantities; contains phasine, which is destroyed by cooking."
    }
  },
  "seed_saving": {
    "difficulty": {
      "de": "Einfach",
      "en": "Easy"
    },
    "isolation_distance_m": 50,
    "selection_criteria": {
      "de": [
        "Früher Ertrag",
        "Resistenz gegen Bohnenlaus",
        "Große Hülsen mit vielen Kernen"
      ],
      "en": [
        "Early yield",
        "Resistance to aphids",
        "Large pods with many seeds"
      ]
    }
  },
  "seed_saving_advanced": {
    "method": {
      "de": "Hülsen an der Pflanze vollständig schwarz und trocken werden lassen. Kerne nachernten, wenn sie steinhart sind.",
      "en": "Allow pods to turn completely black and dry on the plant. Harvest seeds when they are rock-hard."
    },
    "storage_conditions": {
      "de": "Kühl, dunkel und absolut trocken; Schutz vor Bohnenkäfern durch kurzzeitiges Einfrieren möglich.",
      "en": "Cool, dark, and bone-dry; protection against bean weevils possible by brief freezing."
    }
  },
  "woody_crop_details": {
    "renewal_pruning_relevance": "low",
    "notes": {
      "de": "Als einjährige krautige Pflanze findet keine Veredelung statt. Wuchsform ist aufrecht und unverzweigt.",
      "en": "As an annual herbaceous plant, no grafting takes place. Growth habit is upright and unbranched."
    }
  },
  "pruning_logic": {
    "scope": "maintenance",
    "system": "terminal_pinching",
    "remove": {
      "de": [
        "Triebspitzen (ca. 10 cm) nach dem Ansetzen der ersten Hülsen",
        "Stark von Läusen befallene Pflanzenteile",
        "Abgetragene Pflanzen nach der Haupternte"
      ],
      "en": [
        "Shoot tips (approx. 10 cm) after first pods have set",
        "Plant parts heavily infested with aphids",
        "Spent plants after the main harvest"
      ]
    },
    "preserve": {
      "de": [
        "Hauptstängel bis zur gewünschten Erntehöhe",
        "Blütenstände in den Blattachseln",
        "Wurzelstöcke im Boden (zur Stickstoffanreicherung)"
      ],
      "en": [
        "Main stems up to the desired harvest height",
        "Inflorescences in the leaf axils",
        "Root systems in the soil (for nitrogen enrichment)"
      ]
    },
    "avoid": {
      "de": [
        "Zu frühes Entspitzen vor der Blüte",
        "Beschädigung der flachen Wurzeln beim Unkrauthacken"
      ],
      "en": [
        "Pinching out too early before flowering",
        "Damaging shallow roots during weeding"
      ]
    },
    "timing_rules": [
      {
        "season": "spring_summer",
        "months": [
          5,
          6
        ],
        "purpose": {
          "de": "Schädlingsprävention und Fruchtförderung",
          "en": "Pest prevention and fruit promotion"
        },
        "notes": {
          "de": "Das Kappen der Spitzen reduziert den Befall durch die Schwarze Bohnenlaus und lenkt Energie in die Hülsenbildung.",
          "en": "Pinching tips reduces black bean aphid infestation and directs energy into pod development."
        }
      }
    ],
    "cut_location_rules": {
      "de": [
        "Schnitt direkt über einem Blattknoten",
        "Pflanzen nach der Ernte bodennah abschneiden, Wurzeln im Boden lassen"
      ],
      "en": [
        "Cut directly above a leaf node",
        "Cut plants at ground level after harvest, leaving roots in the soil"
      ]
    },
    "intensity_rules": {
      "description": {
        "de": "Minimaler Eingriff: Nur die obersten 5-10 cm des Haupttriebs entfernen.",
        "en": "Minimal intervention: remove only the top 5-10 cm of the main shoot."
      }
    },
    "decision_tree": [
      {
        "condition": {
          "de": "Schwarze Bohnenläuse an den Spitzen sichtbar",
          "en": "Black bean aphids visible at the tips"
        },
        "action": {
          "de": "Triebspitzen sofort großzügig einkürzen und entsorgen",
          "en": "Immediately pinch out shoot tips generously and dispose of them"
        }
      }
    ],
    "tool_hygiene": {
      "de": "Saubere Finger oder Gartenmesser verwenden; bei Lausbefall Werkzeug danach reinigen.",
      "en": "Use clean fingers or a garden knife; clean tools afterward if aphids were present."
    },
    "diagram_requirements": {
      "de": [
        "Position der Entspitzung (Pinching) am Haupttrieb",
        "Darstellung der Wurzelknöllchen beim Abschneiden der Pflanze"
      ],
      "en": [
        "Position of terminal pinching on the main shoot",
        "Illustration of root nodules when cutting back the plant"
      ]
    },
    "notes": {
      "de": "Dicke Bohnen benötigen keinen klassischen Gehölzschnitt, aber das 'Entspitzen' ist eine essenzielle Kulturmaßnahme.",
      "en": "Broad beans do not require classic woody pruning, but 'pinching' is an essential cultural practice."
    }
  },
  "ecology": {
    "pollinator_value": "high",
    "wildlife_value": "high",
    "biodiversity_notes": {
      "de": "Wichtige frühe Nahrungsquelle für Hummeln; die tiefen Blüten sind spezialisierten Bestäubern vorbehalten.",
      "en": "Important early food source for bumblebees; deep flowers are reserved for specialized pollinators."
    }
  },
  "practical_notes": [
    {
      "de": "Lassen Sie die Wurzeln nach der Ernte im Boden, um den gesammelten Stickstoff für Folgekulturen wie Kohl zu erhalten.",
      "en": "Leave roots in the soil after harvest to preserve fixed nitrogen for subsequent crops like brassicas."
    }
  ],
  "seasonal_content": {
    "spring": {
      "de": "Zeit für die früheste Direktsaat im Gemüsebeet.",
      "en": "Time for the earliest direct sowing in the vegetable patch."
    }
  },
  "slug": "dicke-bohne",
  "sources": [
    {
      "title": "Wikidata entity",
      "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131342",
      "publisher": "Wikidata",
      "date_accessed": "2026-05-12"
    },
    {
      "title": "GBIF species match",
      "url": "https://api.gbif.org/v1/species/match?name=Vicia%20faba&kingdom=Plantae",
      "publisher": "GBIF",
      "date_accessed": "2026-05-12"
    },
    {
      "title": "Deutschsprachige Wikipedia: Ackerbohne",
      "url": "https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ackerbohne",
      "publisher": "Wikipedia",
      "date_accessed": "2026-05-12"
    },
    {
      "title": "English Wikipedia: Vicia faba",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vicia_faba",
      "publisher": "Wikipedia",
      "date_accessed": "2026-05-12"
    }
  ]
}