{
  "names": {
    "common": {
      "de": "Chinakohl",
      "en": "Napa cabbage"
    },
    "plural": {
      "de": "Chinakohl",
      "en": "Napa cabbage"
    },
    "botanical": "Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis",
    "synonyms": {
      "de": [
        "Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis",
        "Brassica rapa subsp. glabra",
        "Brassica pekinensis (Loureiro) Ruprecht",
        "Japankohl",
        "Pekingkohl",
        "Schantungkohl",
        "Selleriekohl"
      ],
      "en": [
        "Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis",
        "Pe tsay",
        "petsai",
        "pe-tsai",
        "Chinese cabbage",
        "Chinese leaf",
        "wombok"
      ]
    },
    "common_synonyms": {
      "de": [
        "Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis",
        "Brassica rapa subsp. glabra",
        "Brassica pekinensis (Loureiro) Ruprecht",
        "Japankohl",
        "Pekingkohl",
        "Schantungkohl",
        "Selleriekohl"
      ],
      "en": [
        "Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis",
        "Pe tsay",
        "petsai",
        "pe-tsai",
        "Chinese cabbage",
        "Chinese leaf",
        "wombok"
      ]
    },
    "search_terms": {
      "de": [
        "Chinakohl"
      ],
      "en": [
        "Napa cabbage"
      ]
    }
  },
  "taxonomy": {
    "kingdom": "Plantae",
    "clades": [
      "Tracheophyta",
      "Angiosperms"
    ],
    "order": "Brassicales",
    "family_botanical": "Brassicaceae",
    "family": {
      "de": "Kreuzblütler",
      "en": "Mustard family"
    },
    "family_id": "brassicaceae",
    "genus": "Brassica",
    "species": "Brassica rapa",
    "botanical_variety": "pekinensis",
    "hybrid_status": "not_hybrid"
  },
  "classification": {
    "main_group": "Vegetables",
    "sub_group": "Brassica vegetables",
    "crop_group": "Leaf cabbage",
    "life_cycle": "Annual",
    "perennial": false,
    "woody": false,
    "tree": false,
    "shrub": false,
    "edible_parts": {
      "de": [
        "Kopf",
        "Blätter"
      ],
      "en": [
        "head",
        "leaves"
      ]
    },
    "nutrient_group": "Leaf cabbage"
  },
  "calendar": {
    "sowing_indoor": {
      "months": [
        6,
        7
      ],
      "earliest_month": 6,
      "latest_month": 7,
      "notes": {
        "de": "Vorzucht für späte Ernten möglich, aber Direktsaat bevorzugt.",
        "en": "Indoor starting possible for late harvests, but direct sowing is preferred."
      }
    },
    "sowing_outdoor": {
      "months": [
        6,
        7,
        8
      ],
      "earliest_month": 6,
      "latest_month": 8,
      "notes": {
        "de": "Hauptaussaatzeit für die Herbsternte; Schossgefahr bei zu früher Aussaat.",
        "en": "Main sowing window for autumn harvest; risk of bolting if sown too early."
      }
    },
    "planting_out": {
      "months": [
        7,
        8
      ],
      "earliest_month": 7,
      "latest_month": 8,
      "notes": {
        "de": "Setzlinge vorsichtig umpflanzen, um Wurzelstress zu vermeiden.",
        "en": "Transplant seedlings carefully to avoid root stress."
      }
    },
    "harvest": {
      "months": [
        9,
        10,
        11
      ],
      "earliest_month": 9,
      "latest_month": 11,
      "notes": {
        "de": "Ernte vor den ersten starken Frösten; verträgt nur leichten Frost.",
        "en": "Harvest before hard frosts; only tolerates light frost."
      }
    },
    "month_tasks": {
      "6": [
        {
          "de": "Aussaat im Freiland beginnen.",
          "en": "Start direct sowing outdoors."
        }
      ],
      "7": [
        {
          "de": "Satzweise Aussaat für versetzte Ernte.",
          "en": "Succession sowing for staggered harvest."
        }
      ],
      "8": [
        {
          "de": "Auf ausreichende Bewässerung achten.",
          "en": "Ensure consistent watering."
        }
      ],
      "10": [
        {
          "de": "Haupterntezeit beginnt.",
          "en": "Main harvest season begins."
        }
      ]
    },
    "month_tasks_structured": {
      "6": [
        {
          "task": "sowing",
          "label": {
            "de": "Aussaat",
            "en": "Sowing"
          },
          "priority": "high",
          "months": [
            6
          ],
          "notes": {
            "de": "Nicht vor Ende Juni säen, um Schossen zu verhindern.",
            "en": "Do not sow before late June to prevent bolting."
          }
        }
      ],
      "10": [
        {
          "task": "harvesting",
          "label": {
            "de": "Ernte",
            "en": "Harvest"
          },
          "priority": "medium",
          "months": [
            10
          ],
          "notes": {
            "de": "Köpfe bei Trockenheit ernten für bessere Lagerfähigkeit.",
            "en": "Harvest heads during dry weather for better shelf life."
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  "book_content": {
    "overview": {
      "de": "Der Chinakohl ist ein Favorit für den spätsommerlichen Garten. Mit seiner extrem kurzen Kulturdauer von oft nur 60 bis 80 Tagen füllt er effizient die Lücken, die das Sommergemüse hinterlässt. Sein milder Geschmack und die zarte Blattstruktur machen ihn zu einem der bekömmlichsten Kohlvertreter. Im Gegensatz zu Kopfkohl benötigt er jedoch eine sehr gleichmäßige Wasserversorgung und einen exakten Aussaatzeitpunkt ab Ende Juni, um das gefürchtete vorzeitige Schossen (die Blütenbildung) zu verhindern.",
      "en": "Napa cabbage is a favorite for the late summer garden. With an extremely short cultivation period of often just 60 to 80 days, it efficiently fills the gaps left by summer vegetables. Its mild flavor and tender leaf structure make it one of the most digestible members of the brassica family. Unlike head cabbage, however, it requires a very consistent water supply and a precise sowing time starting in late June to prevent the dreaded premature bolting (flowering)."
    }
  },
  "structured_month_tasks": {
    "7": [
      {
        "task": "thinning",
        "label": {
          "de": "Ausdünnen",
          "en": "Thinning"
        },
        "priority": "medium",
        "months": [
          7
        ],
        "notes": {
          "de": "Direktsaat auf den endgültigen Abstand vereinzeln.",
          "en": "Thin direct-sown plants to final spacing."
        }
      }
    ],
    "9": [
      {
        "task": "pest_control",
        "label": {
          "de": "Schädlingskontrolle",
          "en": "Pest Control"
        },
        "priority": "high",
        "months": [
          9
        ],
        "notes": {
          "de": "Auf Schnecken und Kohlweißling kontrollieren.",
          "en": "Check for slugs and cabbage white butterflies."
        }
      }
    ]
  },
  "cultivation_specs": {
    "seed": {
      "seed_depth_cm_min": 1.0,
      "seed_depth_cm_max": 2.0,
      "light_germinator": false,
      "dark_germinator": true,
      "cold_germinator": false,
      "stratification_needed": false,
      "pre_soaking_recommended": false,
      "germination_temp_c_min": 15.0,
      "germination_temp_c_max": 25.0,
      "germination_days_min": 5,
      "germination_days_max": 12,
      "seed_lifespan_years_min": 3,
      "seed_lifespan_years_max": 5,
      "direct_sowing_possible": true,
      "pre_culture_recommended": false
    },
    "spacing": {
      "plant_spacing_cm_min": 30.0,
      "plant_spacing_cm_max": 40.0,
      "row_spacing_cm_min": 40.0,
      "row_spacing_cm_max": 50.0,
      "recommended_density_per_sqm_min": 6.0,
      "recommended_density_per_sqm_max": 9.0,
      "thinning_distance_cm": 35.0,
      "min_bed_width_cm": 100.0,
      "square_foot_gardening_spacing": "1 per square",
      "spacing_notes": {
        "de": "Engere Pflanzung führt zu kleineren Köpfen.",
        "en": "Denser planting results in smaller heads."
      }
    },
    "growth_dimensions": {
      "height_cm_min": 30.0,
      "height_cm_max": 50.0,
      "width_cm_min": 20.0,
      "width_cm_max": 35.0,
      "root_depth_cm_min": 20.0,
      "root_depth_cm_max": 40.0,
      "root_spread_cm_min": 15.0,
      "root_spread_cm_max": 30.0,
      "growth_speed": "fast",
      "final_size_notes": {
        "de": "Bildet kompakte, aufrechte Köpfe.",
        "en": "Forms compact, upright heads."
      }
    },
    "temperature": {
      "min_growing_temp_c": 12.0,
      "optimal_temp_c_min": 16.0,
      "optimal_temp_c_max": 22.0,
      "max_heat_tolerance_c": 28.0,
      "soil_temp_for_sowing_c_min": 15.0,
      "soil_temp_for_sowing_c_optimal": 20.0,
      "frost_sensitive": true,
      "late_frost_sensitive": true,
      "heat_tolerance": "low",
      "cold_tolerance": "medium",
      "temperature_notes": {
        "de": "Kurztagspflanze; reagiert auf Hitze und lange Tage mit Schossen.",
        "en": "Short-day plant; reacts to heat and long days by bolting."
      }
    },
    "water": {
      "water_need": "high",
      "critical_water_phases": {
        "de": [
          "Kopfbildung"
        ],
        "en": [
          "Head formation"
        ]
      },
      "drought_tolerant": false,
      "drought_sensitivity": "high",
      "waterlogging_sensitive": true,
      "mulching_recommended": true,
      "water_notes": {
        "de": "Gleichmäßige Feuchtigkeit ist essenziell für die Blattqualität.",
        "en": "Consistent moisture is essential for leaf quality."
      }
    },
    "nutrition": {
      "nutrient_group": "heavy_feeder",
      "heavy_feeder": true,
      "medium_feeder": false,
      "light_feeder": false,
      "nitrogen_need": "high",
      "phosphorus_need": "medium",
      "potassium_need": "high",
      "calcium_need": "medium",
      "magnesium_need": "low",
      "compost_recommended": true,
      "mulching_recommended": true,
      "fertilizer_sensitivity": "medium",
      "nutrition_notes": {
        "de": "Bedarf einer guten Grunddüngung, aber Überdüngung vermeiden.",
        "en": "Requires good base fertilization, but avoid over-fertilizing."
      }
    },
    "container": {
      "container_suitable": true,
      "min_pot_volume_l": 10.0,
      "recommended_pot_volume_l": 15.0,
      "min_pot_depth_cm": 25.0,
      "min_pot_diameter_cm": 30.0,
      "plants_per_container_min": 1.0,
      "plants_per_container_max": 1.0,
      "drainage_required": true,
      "repotting_needed": false,
      "container_notes": {
        "de": "Tiefe Töpfe verwenden; auf Austrocknung achten.",
        "en": "Use deep pots; watch out for drying out."
      }
    },
    "support": {
      "needs_support": false,
      "support_recommended": false,
      "climbing": false,
      "vining": false,
      "trellis_recommended": false,
      "training_required": false,
      "support_notes": {
        "de": "Selbsttragend.",
        "en": "Self-supporting."
      }
    },
    "cultivation_modes": {
      "outdoor_bed_suitable": true,
      "raised_bed_suitable": true,
      "container_suitable": true,
      "balcony_suitable": true,
      "greenhouse_suitable": true,
      "polytunnel_suitable": true,
      "indoor_suitable": false,
      "windowsill_suitable": false,
      "hydroponic_possible": true,
      "permaculture_suitable": true,
      "no_dig_suitable": true
    },
    "yield_density": {
      "yield_per_plant_min": 1.0,
      "yield_per_plant_max": 3.0,
      "yield_unit": "kg",
      "yield_per_sqm_min": 6.0,
      "yield_per_sqm_max": 12.0,
      "yield_reliability": "high",
      "yield_notes": {
        "de": "Ertrag stark abhängig von Sorte und Wasserversorgung.",
        "en": "Yield highly dependent on variety and water supply."
      }
    }
  },
  "site": {
    "exposure": {
      "de": "Sonnig bis halbschattig",
      "en": "Sunny to semi-shaded"
    },
    "wind_protection": {
      "de": "Vorteilhaft, aber nicht kritisch",
      "en": "Beneficial but not critical"
    }
  },
  "soil": {
    "type": {
      "de": "Humoser, tiefgründiger Lehmboden",
      "en": "Humus-rich, deep loamy soil"
    },
    "ph_range": {
      "min": 6.5,
      "max": 7.5
    }
  },
  "watering": {
    "frequency": {
      "de": "Regelmäßig, Boden nie ganz austrocknen lassen",
      "en": "Regularly, never let soil dry out completely"
    }
  },
  "nutrition": {
    "fertilization_strategy": {
      "de": "Kompostgabe vor der Pflanzung, ggf. Nachdüngung mit Hornmehl",
      "en": "Apply compost before planting, top-dress with horn meal if needed"
    }
  },
  "cultivation_planning": {
    "succession_sowing": {
      "possible": true,
      "interval_days_min": 14,
      "interval_days_max": 21
    },
    "bed_planning_notes": {
      "de": "Gute Vorfrucht für Erbsen oder Bohnen; keine anderen Kreuzblütler folgen lassen.",
      "en": "Good preceding crop for peas or beans; do not follow with other brassicas."
    },
    "rotation_priority": "high",
    "interplanting_potential": "medium",
    "mechanization_relevance": "low"
  },
  "crop_rotation": {
    "rotation_period_years": 4,
    "preceding_crops": {
      "de": [
        "Erbsen",
        "Bohnen",
        "Frühkartoffeln"
      ],
      "en": [
        "Peas",
        "Beans",
        "Early potatoes"
      ]
    },
    "succeeding_crops": {
      "de": [
        "Erbsen",
        "Bohnen",
        "Salat"
      ],
      "en": [
        "Peas",
        "Beans",
        "Lettuce"
      ]
    },
    "notes": {
      "de": "Strikte Einhaltung der Anbaupause von 4 Jahren zur Vermeidung von Kohlhernie.",
      "en": "Strict adherence to a 4-year rotation break to prevent clubroot."
    }
  },
  "companion_planting": {
    "approach": "mixed_cropping",
    "good_neighbors": [
      {
        "slug": "pisum-sativum",
        "name": {
          "de": "Erbse",
          "en": "Peas"
        },
        "reason": {
          "de": "Stickstoffanreicherung durch Leguminosen.",
          "en": "Nitrogen enrichment by legumes."
        },
        "relationship_type": "beneficial"
      },
      {
        "slug": "spinacia-oleracea",
        "name": {
          "de": "Spinat",
          "en": "Spinach"
        },
        "reason": {
          "de": "Bodenbeschattung und Feuchtigkeitshaltung.",
          "en": "Soil shading and moisture retention."
        },
        "relationship_type": "beneficial"
      },
      {
        "slug": "solanum-lycopersicum",
        "name": {
          "de": "Tomate",
          "en": "Tomato"
        },
        "reason": {
          "de": "Geruch vertreibt Kohlweißlinge.",
          "en": "Scent deters cabbage white butterflies."
        },
        "relationship_type": "beneficial"
      }
    ],
    "bad_neighbors": [
      {
        "slug": "brassica-oleracea",
        "name": {
          "de": "Andere Kohlarten",
          "en": "Other brassicas"
        },
        "reason": {
          "de": "Gleiche Schädlinge und Krankheiten; hohe Nährstoffkonkurrenz.",
          "en": "Shared pests and diseases; high nutrient competition."
        },
        "relationship_type": "antagonistic"
      },
      {
        "slug": "allium-cepa",
        "name": {
          "de": "Zwiebel",
          "en": "Onion"
        },
        "reason": {
          "de": "Wachstumshemmung bei Chinakohl möglich.",
          "en": "Possible growth inhibition of Napa cabbage."
        },
        "relationship_type": "antagonistic"
      }
    ],
    "companion_scores": [
      {
        "target_slug": "pisum-sativum",
        "score": 5,
        "reasons": [
          "Nitrogen fixation"
        ]
      }
    ],
    "design_rules": {
      "de": [
        "Zwischen Kulturen mit geringerem Nährstoffbedarf pflanzen.",
        "Ausreichend Abstand für die Kopfentwicklung lassen."
      ],
      "en": [
        "Plant between crops with lower nutrient requirements.",
        "Leave sufficient space for head development."
      ]
    },
    "notes": {
      "de": "Chinakohl profitiert von Nachbarn, die das Mikroklima feucht halten.",
      "en": "Napa cabbage benefits from neighbors that keep the microclimate humid."
    }
  },
  "deficiencies": {
    "common": [
      {
        "slug": "nitrogen-deficiency",
        "name": {
          "de": "Stickstoffmangel",
          "en": "Nitrogen deficiency"
        },
        "symptoms": {
          "de": "Helle, gelbliche Blätter; kümmerlicher Wuchs.",
          "en": "Pale, yellowish leaves; stunted growth."
        }
      },
      {
        "slug": "boron-deficiency",
        "name": {
          "de": "Bormangel",
          "en": "Boron deficiency"
        },
        "symptoms": {
          "de": "Hohlherzigkeit; braune Stellen im Inneren des Kopfes.",
          "en": "Hollow heart; brown spots inside the head."
        }
      }
    ]
  },
  "problems": {
    "environmental": [
      {
        "slug": "bolting",
        "name": {
          "de": "Schossen",
          "en": "Bolting"
        },
        "description": {
          "de": "Vorzeitige Blütenbildung durch zu frühe Aussaat oder Hitze.",
          "en": "Premature flowering caused by early sowing or heat."
        }
      },
      {
        "slug": "tipburn",
        "name": {
          "de": "Blattrandnekrose",
          "en": "Tipburn"
        },
        "description": {
          "de": "Braune Blattränder durch Calciummangel oder unregelmäßiges Gießen.",
          "en": "Brown leaf edges due to calcium deficiency or irregular watering."
        }
      }
    ]
  },
  "problem_management": {
    "common_pest_groups": {
      "de": [
        "Beißende Insekten",
        "Weichtiere"
      ],
      "en": [
        "Chewing insects",
        "Mollusks"
      ]
    },
    "common_disease_groups": {
      "de": [
        "Bodenbürtige Pilze",
        "Blattpilze"
      ],
      "en": [
        "Soil-borne fungi",
        "Foliar fungi"
      ]
    },
    "prevention_principles": {
      "de": [
        "Kulturschutznetze verwenden",
        "Fruchtfolge strikt einhalten",
        "Gleichmäßige Wasserversorgung"
      ],
      "en": [
        "Use crop protection nets",
        "Strictly observe crop rotation",
        "Ensure consistent water supply"
      ]
    },
    "diagnosis_notes": {
      "de": "Welkende Pflanzen immer an der Wurzel auf Kohlhernie untersuchen.",
      "en": "Always check the roots of wilting plants for clubroot."
    }
  },
  "disease_graph": {
    "scope": "brassica_pathogens",
    "profiles": [
      {
        "slug": "plasmodiophora-brassicae",
        "severity": "critical",
        "conditions": {
          "de": [
            "Saurer Boden (pH < 6.5)",
            "Staunässe",
            "Zu kurze Anbaupausen"
          ],
          "en": [
            "Acidic soil (pH < 6.5)",
            "Waterlogging",
            "Short rotation cycles"
          ]
        },
        "affected_parts": {
          "de": [
            "Wurzeln",
            "Gesamtpflanze (Welke)"
          ],
          "en": [
            "Roots",
            "Whole plant (wilting)"
          ]
        },
        "prevention": {
          "de": [
            "Kalkung zur Erhöhung des pH-Werts",
            "4-jährige Anbaupause",
            "Resistente Sorten wählen"
          ],
          "en": [
            "Liming to increase pH",
            "4-year rotation break",
            "Choose resistant varieties"
          ]
        },
        "organic_control": {
          "de": [
            "Keine direkte Bekämpfung möglich; betroffene Pflanzen über Hausmüll entsorgen."
          ],
          "en": [
            "No direct control possible; dispose of affected plants in household waste."
          ]
        }
      }
    ],
    "diagnostic_rules": [
      {
        "symptom": {
          "de": "Kopf bildet sich nicht, Pflanze schießt in die Höhe.",
          "en": "Head does not form, plant shoots upwards."
        },
        "possible_causes": [
          "bolting",
          "excessive_day_length"
        ],
        "first_checks": {
          "de": [
            "Aussaatzeitpunkt prüfen",
            "Temperaturextreme kontrollieren"
          ],
          "en": [
            "Check sowing date",
            "Check for temperature extremes"
          ]
        }
      }
    ],
    "prevention_strategy": {
      "cultural": {
        "de": [
          "Boden locker und humos halten",
          "Mulchen zur Feuchtigkeitsspeicherung"
        ],
        "en": [
          "Keep soil loose and rich in humus",
          "Mulch to retain moisture"
        ]
      },
      "monitoring": {
        "de": [
          "Wöchentliche Kontrolle auf Raupeneier",
          "Bodenfeuchte regelmäßig prüfen"
        ],
        "en": [
          "Weekly check for caterpillar eggs",
          "Regularly check soil moisture"
        ]
      },
      "organic_first_response": {
        "de": [
          "Absammeln von Schnecken",
          "Einsatz von Bacillus thuringiensis gegen Raupen"
        ],
        "en": [
          "Hand-picking slugs",
          "Use of Bacillus thuringiensis against caterpillars"
        ]
      },
      "notes": {
        "de": "Prävention durch Netze ist die effektivste Methode gegen Insekten.",
        "en": "Prevention using nets is the most effective method against insects."
      }
    }
  },
  "phenology": {
    "stages": {
      "de": [
        "Keimung",
        "Blattentwicklung",
        "Kopfbildung",
        "Erntereife",
        "Schossen (bei Stress oder Überreife)"
      ],
      "en": [
        "Germination",
        "Leaf development",
        "Head formation",
        "Harvest maturity",
        "Bolting (under stress or over-maturity)"
      ]
    },
    "notes": {
      "de": "Schnellwüchsige Kultur; die Kopfbildung beginnt etwa 6-8 Wochen nach der Aussaat.",
      "en": "Fast-growing crop; head formation begins approximately 6-8 weeks after sowing."
    }
  },
  "flowering_pollination": {
    "flowering_period": {
      "de": "Mai bis Juni (im zweiten Jahr oder bei vorzeitigem Schossen)",
      "en": "May to June (in the second year or if premature bolting occurs)"
    },
    "flower_color": {
      "de": "Gelb",
      "en": "Yellow"
    }
  },
  "pollination": {
    "summary": {
      "de": "Fremdbestäubung durch Insekten (Bienen, Schwebfliegen); bei Samengewinnung Isolation erforderlich.",
      "en": "Cross-pollination by insects (bees, hoverflies); isolation required for seed saving."
    },
    "pollinator_required": true,
    "self_fertility": "self-incompatible",
    "pollinator_notes": {
      "de": "In der Regel einjähriger Anbau zur Gemüseernte ohne Blüte; Samenträger sind streng fremdbefruchtend.",
      "en": "Usually grown as an annual for vegetable harvest without flowering; seed plants are strictly cross-pollinating."
    }
  },
  "harvest": {
    "methods": {
      "de": [
        "Abschneiden des gesamten Kopfes knapp über dem Boden",
        "Entfernen der äußeren, lockeren Blätter"
      ],
      "en": [
        "Cutting the entire head just above ground level",
        "Removing loose outer leaves"
      ]
    },
    "yield_estimate": {
      "de": "1-3 kg pro Kopf",
      "en": "1-3 kg per head"
    }
  },
  "harvest_details": {
    "harvest_frequency": {
      "de": "Einmalige Ernte pro Pflanze",
      "en": "Single harvest per plant"
    },
    "harvest_indicators": {
      "de": [
        "Kopf fühlt sich bei leichtem Druck fest an",
        "Erreichte sortentypische Größe",
        "Vor dem ersten starken Frost"
      ],
      "en": [
        "Head feels firm when lightly squeezed",
        "Reached variety-specific size",
        "Before the first hard frost"
      ]
    },
    "post_harvest_handling": {
      "de": "Nicht waschen, wenn eine Lagerung geplant ist; äußere Blätter als Schutz belassen.",
      "en": "Do not wash if storage is intended; leave outer leaves on for protection."
    }
  },
  "storage": {
    "conditions": {
      "de": "Kühl (0-1°C) und hohe Luftfeuchtigkeit",
      "en": "Cool (0-1°C) and high humidity"
    },
    "methods": {
      "de": [
        "Einschlagen in Zeitungspapier oder Einschweißen in Folie",
        "Lagerung im kühlen Keller oder Kühlschrank"
      ],
      "en": [
        "Wrapping in newspaper or shrink-wrapping in plastic",
        "Storage in a cool cellar or refrigerator"
      ]
    }
  },
  "storage_details": {
    "general_storage_category": {
      "de": "Kurz- bis mittelfristige Lagerung",
      "en": "Short to medium-term storage"
    },
    "storage_life": {
      "de": "4 Wochen (Kühlschrank) bis 3 Monate (optimaler Lagerkeller)",
      "en": "4 weeks (refrigerator) up to 3 months (optimal storage cellar)"
    },
    "processing_options": {
      "de": [
        "Fermentieren (Kimchi)",
        "Einlegen",
        "Einfrieren (nach Blanchieren)"
      ],
      "en": [
        "Fermenting (Kimchi)",
        "Pickling",
        "Freezing (after blanching)"
      ]
    }
  },
  "processing_use": {
    "primary_use": {
      "de": "Frischverzehr und Fermentation",
      "en": "Fresh consumption and fermentation"
    }
  },
  "kitchen_usage": {
    "preparation": {
      "de": [
        "Roh als Salat",
        "Kurz gebraten im Wok",
        "Gedünstet in Suppen"
      ],
      "en": [
        "Raw in salads",
        "Briefly stir-fried in a wok",
        "Steamed in soups"
      ]
    },
    "flavor_profile": {
      "de": "Mild, dezent kohlartig, leicht süßlich",
      "en": "Mild, subtle cabbage flavor, slightly sweet"
    }
  },
  "safety_and_edibility": {
    "edible_parts": {
      "de": [
        "Blätter",
        "Blattrippen",
        "Herz"
      ],
      "en": [
        "Leaves",
        "Leaf ribs",
        "Heart"
      ]
    },
    "inedible_or_caution_parts": {
      "de": [
        "Wurzeln"
      ],
      "en": [
        "Roots"
      ]
    },
    "toxicity_notes": {
      "de": "Ungiftig; sehr gut verträglich, verursacht weniger Blähungen als andere Kohlarten.",
      "en": "Non-toxic; very easily digestible, causes less bloating than other brassicas."
    },
    "raw_consumption": {
      "de": "Hervorragend für Rohkost geeignet.",
      "en": "Excellent for raw consumption."
    }
  },
  "seed_saving": {
    "difficulty": {
      "de": "Schwer (Zweijährig, Verkreuzungsgefahr)",
      "en": "Difficult (Biennial, risk of cross-pollination)"
    },
    "isolation_distance_meters": 1000
  },
  "seed_saving_advanced": {
    "method": {
      "de": "Pflanzen müssen frostfrei überwintert werden, um im zweiten Jahr zu blühen.",
      "en": "Plants must be overwintered frost-free to flower in the second year."
    },
    "selection_criteria": {
      "de": [
        "Schossfestigkeit",
        "Kopffestigkeit",
        "Gesundheit (keine Kohlhernie)"
      ],
      "en": [
        "Resistance to bolting",
        "Head firmness",
        "Health (no clubroot)"
      ]
    }
  },
  "woody_crop_details": {
    "notes": {
      "de": "Nicht zutreffend für Chinakohl, da es sich um eine einjährige Krautpflanze handelt.",
      "en": "Not applicable to Napa cabbage as it is an annual herbaceous plant."
    }
  },
  "pruning_logic": {
    "scope": "vegetable_maintenance",
    "system": "herbaceous_annual",
    "remove": {
      "de": [
        "Vergilbte oder bodennahe, kranke Blätter",
        "Vorzeitig erscheinende Blütenstängel (Schosser)",
        "Äußere welke Blätter bei der Ernte"
      ],
      "en": [
        "Yellowed or diseased leaves near the ground",
        "Premature flower stalks (bolting)",
        "Outer wilted leaves during harvest"
      ]
    },
    "preserve": {
      "de": [
        "Das zentrale Herz der Pflanze",
        "Gesunde, kompakte Kopfblätter"
      ],
      "en": [
        "The central heart of the plant",
        "Healthy, compact head leaves"
      ]
    },
    "avoid": {
      "de": [
        "Beschädigung der Kopfstruktur vor der Ernte",
        "Radikaler Blattschnitt während der Hauptwachstumsphase"
      ],
      "en": [
        "Damaging the head structure before harvest",
        "Radical leaf cutting during the main growth phase"
      ]
    },
    "timing_rules": [
      {
        "season": "growth_period",
        "months": [
          7,
          8,
          9
        ],
        "purpose": {
          "de": "Bestandspflege und Schosskontrolle",
          "en": "Crop maintenance and bolting control"
        },
        "notes": {
          "de": "Regelmäßige Kontrolle auf Schosser, um die Energie in die Kopfbildung zu lenken.",
          "en": "Regularly check for bolting to direct energy into head formation."
        }
      }
    ],
    "cut_location_rules": {
      "de": [
        "Ernteschnitt: Knapp über dem Wurzelhals",
        "Pflegeschnitt: Blattansatz am Strunk"
      ],
      "en": [
        "Harvest cut: Just above the root collar",
        "Maintenance cut: Leaf attachment at the stalk"
      ]
    },
    "intensity_rules": {
      "description": {
        "de": "Minimaler Eingriff; nur Entfernung von Schadstellen.",
        "en": "Minimal intervention; only removal of damaged parts."
      }
    },
    "decision_tree": [
      {
        "condition": {
          "de": "Blütenstiel sichtbar",
          "en": "Flower stalk visible"
        },
        "action": {
          "de": "Sofort ernten oder entfernen, da die Blattqualität sinkt.",
          "en": "Harvest immediately or remove, as leaf quality will decline."
        }
      }
    ],
    "tool_hygiene": {
      "de": "Scharfe, saubere Messer verwenden, um Quetschungen am Strunk zu vermeiden.",
      "en": "Use sharp, clean knives to avoid crushing the stalk."
    },
    "diagram_requirements": {
      "de": [
        "Darstellung des korrekten Ernteschnitts über dem Boden",
        "Skizze zur Entfernung von Schossern"
      ],
      "en": [
        "Illustration of the correct harvest cut above the soil",
        "Sketch for removing bolting stalks"
      ]
    },
    "notes": {
      "de": "Chinakohl benötigt keinen klassischen Erziehungsschnitt wie Gehölze.",
      "en": "Napa cabbage does not require classical training or pruning like woody plants."
    }
  },
  "ecology": {
    "pollinator_value": "low",
    "wildlife_value": "low",
    "biodiversity_notes": {
      "de": "Als Erntepflanze meist einjährig geerntet, bevor die Blüte Insekten Nahrung bietet. Kreuzblütler sind jedoch wichtige Wirtspflanzen für spezialisierte Insekten wie den Kohlweißling.",
      "en": "Usually harvested as an annual before the flowers can provide food for insects. However, brassicas are important host plants for specialized insects like the cabbage white butterfly."
    }
  },
  "practical_notes": [
    {
      "topic": "bolting_prevention",
      "title": {
        "de": "Schossen verhindern",
        "en": "Preventing Bolting"
      },
      "content": {
        "de": "Säen Sie Chinakohl nie vor der Sommersonnenwende (21. Juni). Die abnehmende Tageslänge signalisiert der Pflanze, Köpfe zu bilden statt Blüten.",
        "en": "Never sow napa cabbage before the summer solstice (June 21st). Decreasing day length signals the plant to form heads instead of flowers."
      }
    }
  ],
  "seasonal_content": {
    "spring": {
      "de": "Vorbereitung der Beete; Kalkung bei sauren Böden zur Vorbeugung gegen Kohlhernie.",
      "en": "Bed preparation; liming acidic soils to prevent clubroot."
    },
    "summer": {
      "de": "Hauptaussaatzeit; auf Erdflohbefall bei Jungpflanzen achten.",
      "en": "Main sowing time; watch for flea beetle infestation on young plants."
    },
    "autumn": {
      "de": "Haupterntezeit; Schutz vor Nachtfrösten durch Vlies bei späten Sätzen.",
      "en": "Main harvest season; protect late crops from night frosts with fleece."
    }
  },
  "slug": "chinakohl",
  "sources": [
    {
      "title": "Wikidata entity",
      "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13360268",
      "publisher": "Wikidata",
      "date_accessed": "2026-05-12"
    },
    {
      "title": "GBIF species match",
      "url": "https://api.gbif.org/v1/species/match?name=Brassica%20rapa%20subsp.%20pekinensis&kingdom=Plantae",
      "publisher": "GBIF",
      "date_accessed": "2026-05-12"
    },
    {
      "title": "Deutschsprachige Wikipedia: Chinakohl",
      "url": "https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinakohl",
      "publisher": "Wikipedia",
      "date_accessed": "2026-05-12"
    },
    {
      "title": "English Wikipedia: Napa cabbage",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napa_cabbage",
      "publisher": "Wikipedia",
      "date_accessed": "2026-05-12"
    }
  ]
}