{
  "names": {
    "common": {
      "de": "Baumspinat",
      "en": "Tree spinach"
    },
    "plural": {
      "de": "Baumspinate",
      "en": "Tree spinach"
    },
    "botanical": "Chenopodium giganteum D.Don",
    "scientific_synonyms": [
      "Chenopodium rubricaule",
      "Chenopodium amaranticolor",
      "Chenopodium centrorubrum",
      "Chenopodium mairei",
      "Chenopodium formosanum",
      "Chenopodium elegantissimum"
    ],
    "synonyms": {
      "de": [
        "Chenopodium giganteum",
        "Riesengänsefuß",
        "Chenopodium amaranticolor",
        "Chenopodium album subsp. amaranthicolor",
        "Chenopodium mairei",
        "Chenopodium moquinianum",
        "Baumspinat"
      ],
      "en": [
        "Tree spinach",
        "Giant goosefoot",
        "Chenopodium giganteum",
        "Chenopodium amaranticolor",
        "Chenopodium album subsp. amaranthicolor",
        "Chenopodium mairei"
      ]
    },
    "common_synonyms": {
      "de": [
        "Baumspinat",
        "Riesengänsefuß"
      ],
      "en": [
        "Tree spinach"
      ]
    },
    "search_terms": {
      "de": [
        "Baumspinat",
        "Riesengänsefuß",
        "Chenopodium giganteum"
      ],
      "en": [
        "Chenopodium giganteum",
        "Tree spinach",
        "Giant goosefoot"
      ]
    }
  },
  "taxonomy": {
    "kingdom": "Plantae",
    "clades": [
      "Angiosperms",
      "Eudicots",
      "Core eudicots"
    ],
    "order": "Caryophyllales",
    "family_botanical": "Amaranthaceae",
    "family": {
      "de": "Fuchsschwanzgewächse",
      "en": "Amaranth family"
    },
    "family_id": "amaranthaceae",
    "subfamily": "Chenopodioideae",
    "tribe": "Chenopodieae",
    "genus": "Chenopodium",
    "species": "giganteum",
    "botanical_author": "D.Don",
    "hybrid_status": "not_hybrid",
    "related_crops": [
      "Spinat",
      "Guter Heinrich"
    ]
  },
  "classification": {
    "main_group": "leafy_vegetables",
    "sub_group": "leafy_greens",
    "crop_group": "vegetables",
    "life_cycle": "Annual",
    "perennial": false,
    "woody": false,
    "tree": false,
    "shrub": false,
    "edible_parts": {
      "de": [
        "Blätter",
        "junge Triebe"
      ],
      "en": [
        "leaves",
        "young shoots"
      ]
    },
    "nutrient_group": "leafy_green"
  },
  "calendar": {
    "sowing_indoor": {
      "months": [
        3,
        4
      ],
      "earliest_month": 3,
      "latest_month": 4,
      "notes": {
        "de": "Vorkultur ab März unter Glas bei 18–22 °C. Keimtemperatur nicht unter 15 °C halten.",
        "en": "Start indoors from March under glass at 18–22 °C. Do not let germination temperature drop below 15 °C."
      }
    },
    "sowing_outdoor": {
      "months": [
        4,
        5
      ],
      "earliest_month": 4,
      "latest_month": 5,
      "notes": {
        "de": "Direktsaat ab Mitte April bis Mitte Mai bei Bodentemperaturen über 10 °C. Keimtemperatur nicht unter 15 °C.",
        "en": "Direct sowing from mid-April to mid-May when soil temperature exceeds 10 °C. Do not let germination temperature drop below 15 °C."
      }
    },
    "planting_out": {
      "months": [
        5,
        6
      ],
      "earliest_month": 5,
      "latest_month": 6,
      "notes": {
        "de": "Vorgezogene Pflanzen ab Mitte Mai ins Freiland setzen, nach den letzten Frösten. Reihenabstand 50–60 cm.",
        "en": "Transplant seedlings outdoors from mid-May after the last frosts. Space rows 50–60 cm apart."
      }
    },
    "harvest": {
      "months": [
        6,
        7,
        8,
        9,
        10
      ],
      "earliest_month": 6,
      "latest_month": 10,
      "notes": {
        "de": "Ernte der Blätter und jungen Triebe laufend von Juni bis Oktober. Regelmäßiges Schneiden fördert Nachtrieb.",
        "en": "Harvest leaves and young shoots continuously from June to October. Regular cutting encourages regrowth."
      }
    },
    "month_tasks": {
      "3": [
        {
          "de": "Vorkultur unter Glas beginnen.",
          "en": "Start indoor pre-culture under glass."
        }
      ],
      "4": [
        {
          "de": "Vorkultur fortsetzen. Direktsaat ab Mitte April möglich.",
          "en": "Continue pre-culture. Direct sowing possible from mid-April."
        }
      ],
      "5": [
        {
          "de": "Pflanzen nach den Eisheiligen ins Freiland setzen. Bei Spätfrostgefahr abdecken.",
          "en": "Plant out after the Ice Saints. Cover in case of late frost risk."
        }
      ],
      "6": [
        {
          "de": "Erste Ernte möglich. Bei Trockenheit wässern.",
          "en": "First harvest possible. Water during dry spells."
        }
      ],
      "7": [
        {
          "de": "Regelmäßig beernten und düngen. Bei Hitze schattieren.",
          "en": "Harvest regularly and fertilize. Provide shade during heatwaves."
        }
      ],
      "8": [
        {
          "de": "Weiter beernten. Bei starkem Wachstum stützen.",
          "en": "Continue harvesting. Provide support for vigorous growth."
        }
      ],
      "9": [
        {
          "de": "Letzte Ernte vor dem ersten Frost. Samen für nächste Saison sammeln.",
          "en": "Final harvest before first frost. Collect seeds for next season."
        }
      ],
      "10": [
        {
          "de": "Pflanzen entfernen und Kompost zuführen.",
          "en": "Remove plants and add to compost."
        }
      ]
    },
    "month_tasks_structured": {
      "3": [
        {
          "task": "indoor_sowing",
          "label": {
            "de": "Vorkultur starten",
            "en": "Start indoor pre-culture"
          },
          "priority": "high",
          "months": [
            3
          ],
          "condition": "indoor_germination",
          "estimated_effort": "low",
          "notes": {
            "de": "Aussaat in Anzuchterde bei 18–22 °C. Keimtemperatur nicht unter 15 °C.",
            "en": "Sow in seed compost at 18–22 °C. Do not let germination temperature drop below 15 °C."
          }
        }
      ],
      "4": [
        {
          "task": "indoor_sowing_continue",
          "label": {
            "de": "Vorkultur fortsetzen",
            "en": "Continue pre-culture"
          },
          "priority": "medium",
          "months": [
            4
          ],
          "condition": "indoor_germination",
          "estimated_effort": "low",
          "notes": {
            "de": "Bei Bedarf pikieren. Direktsaat ab Mitte April möglich.",
            "en": "Prick out if necessary. Direct sowing possible from mid-April."
          }
        },
        {
          "task": "direct_sowing_outdoor",
          "label": {
            "de": "Direktsaat beginnen",
            "en": "Start direct sowing"
          },
          "priority": "medium",
          "months": [
            4
          ],
          "condition": "soil_temp_10c",
          "estimated_effort": "medium",
          "notes": {
            "de": "Aussaat in lockere, humose Erde bei Bodentemperaturen über 10 °C.",
            "en": "Sow in loose, humus-rich soil when soil temperature exceeds 10 °C."
          }
        }
      ],
      "5": [
        {
          "task": "planting_out",
          "label": {
            "de": "Pflanzen ins Freiland setzen",
            "en": "Plant out seedlings"
          },
          "priority": "high",
          "months": [
            5
          ],
          "condition": "after_ice_saints",
          "estimated_effort": "high",
          "notes": {
            "de": "Abstand 40–50 cm in der Reihe, 50–60 cm zwischen Reihen. Bei Spätfrostgefahr abdecken.",
            "en": "Space 40–50 cm within rows, 50–60 cm between rows. Cover in case of late frost risk."
          }
        }
      ],
      "6": [
        {
          "task": "first_harvest",
          "label": {
            "de": "Erste Ernte",
            "en": "First harvest"
          },
          "priority": "high",
          "months": [
            6
          ],
          "condition": "plant_size_20cm",
          "estimated_effort": "low",
          "notes": {
            "de": "Blätter und junge Triebe ernten. Bei Trockenheit wässern.",
            "en": "Harvest leaves and young shoots. Water during dry spells."
          }
        },
        {
          "task": "watering",
          "label": {
            "de": "Gießen bei Trockenheit",
            "en": "Water during dry spells"
          },
          "priority": "medium",
          "months": [
            6,
            7,
            8
          ],
          "condition": "dry_soil",
          "estimated_effort": "low",
          "notes": {
            "de": "Gleichmäßig feucht halten, Staunässe vermeiden.",
            "en": "Keep soil evenly moist, avoid waterlogging."
          }
        }
      ],
      "7": [
        {
          "task": "regular_harvest",
          "label": {
            "de": "Regelmäßig beernten",
            "en": "Harvest regularly"
          },
          "priority": "high",
          "months": [
            7,
            8
          ],
          "condition": "growth_stage",
          "estimated_effort": "medium",
          "notes": {
            "de": "Alle 1–2 Wochen ernten, um Nachtrieb zu fördern. Bei Hitze schattieren.",
            "en": "Harvest every 1–2 weeks to encourage regrowth. Provide shade during heatwaves."
          }
        },
        {
          "task": "fertilizing",
          "label": {
            "de": "Düngen",
            "en": "Fertilize"
          },
          "priority": "medium",
          "months": [
            7
          ],
          "condition": "growth_stage",
          "estimated_effort": "low",
          "notes": {
            "de": "Milden organischen Dünger (z. B. Brennnesseljauche) alle 2–3 Wochen geben.",
            "en": "Apply mild organic fertilizer (e.g., nettle tea) every 2–3 weeks."
          }
        }
      ],
      "8": [
        {
          "task": "support_installation",
          "label": {
            "de": "Stützen anbringen",
            "en": "Install support"
          },
          "priority": "medium",
          "months": [
            8
          ],
          "condition": "plant_height_150cm",
          "estimated_effort": "medium",
          "notes": {
            "de": "Bei starkem Wachstum Rankhilfe (z. B. Stäbe oder Netze) anbringen.",
            "en": "Install trellis or stakes for vigorous growth."
          }
        }
      ],
      "9": [
        {
          "task": "final_harvest",
          "label": {
            "de": "Letzte Ernte vor Frost",
            "en": "Final harvest before frost"
          },
          "priority": "high",
          "months": [
            9
          ],
          "condition": "before_first_frost",
          "estimated_effort": "medium",
          "notes": {
            "de": "Blätter und Triebe ernten. Samen für nächste Saison sammeln.",
            "en": "Harvest leaves and shoots. Collect seeds for next season."
          }
        }
      ],
      "10": [
        {
          "task": "crop_removal",
          "label": {
            "de": "Pflanzen entfernen",
            "en": "Remove plants"
          },
          "priority": "medium",
          "months": [
            10
          ],
          "condition": "after_harvest",
          "estimated_effort": "low",
          "notes": {
            "de": "Pflanzenreste kompostieren oder entsorgen.",
            "en": "Compost or dispose of plant residues."
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  "structured_month_tasks": {
    "3": [
      {
        "task": "indoor_sowing",
        "label": {
          "de": "Vorkultur starten",
          "en": "Start indoor pre-culture"
        },
        "priority": "high",
        "months": [
          3
        ],
        "condition": "indoor_germination",
        "estimated_effort": "low",
        "notes": {
          "de": "Aussaat in Anzuchterde bei 18–22 °C. Keimtemperatur nicht unter 15 °C.",
          "en": "Sow in seed compost at 18–22 °C. Do not let germination temperature drop below 15 °C."
        }
      }
    ],
    "4": [
      {
        "task": "indoor_sowing_continue",
        "label": {
          "de": "Vorkultur fortsetzen",
          "en": "Continue pre-culture"
        },
        "priority": "medium",
        "months": [
          4
        ],
        "condition": "indoor_germination",
        "estimated_effort": "low",
        "notes": {
          "de": "Bei Bedarf pikieren. Direktsaat ab Mitte April möglich.",
          "en": "Prick out if necessary. Direct sowing possible from mid-April."
        }
      },
      {
        "task": "direct_sowing_outdoor",
        "label": {
          "de": "Direktsaat beginnen",
          "en": "Start direct sowing"
        },
        "priority": "medium",
        "months": [
          4
        ],
        "condition": "soil_temp_10c",
        "estimated_effort": "medium",
        "notes": {
          "de": "Aussaat in lockere, humose Erde bei Bodentemperaturen über 10 °C.",
          "en": "Sow in loose, humus-rich soil when soil temperature exceeds 10 °C."
        }
      }
    ],
    "5": [
      {
        "task": "planting_out",
        "label": {
          "de": "Pflanzen ins Freiland setzen",
          "en": "Plant out seedlings"
        },
        "priority": "high",
        "months": [
          5
        ],
        "condition": "after_ice_saints",
        "estimated_effort": "high",
        "notes": {
          "de": "Abstand 40–50 cm in der Reihe, 50–60 cm zwischen Reihen. Bei Spätfrostgefahr abdecken.",
          "en": "Space 40–50 cm within rows, 50–60 cm between rows. Cover in case of late frost risk."
        }
      }
    ],
    "6": [
      {
        "task": "first_harvest",
        "label": {
          "de": "Erste Ernte",
          "en": "First harvest"
        },
        "priority": "high",
        "months": [
          6
        ],
        "condition": "plant_size_20cm",
        "estimated_effort": "low",
        "notes": {
          "de": "Blätter und junge Triebe ernten. Bei Trockenheit wässern.",
          "en": "Harvest leaves and young shoots. Water during dry spells."
        }
      },
      {
        "task": "watering",
        "label": {
          "de": "Gießen bei Trockenheit",
          "en": "Water during dry spells"
        },
        "priority": "medium",
        "months": [
          6,
          7,
          8
        ],
        "condition": "dry_soil",
        "estimated_effort": "low",
        "notes": {
          "de": "Gleichmäßig feucht halten, Staunässe vermeiden.",
          "en": "Keep soil evenly moist, avoid waterlogging."
        }
      }
    ],
    "7": [
      {
        "task": "regular_harvest",
        "label": {
          "de": "Regelmäßig beernten",
          "en": "Harvest regularly"
        },
        "priority": "high",
        "months": [
          7,
          8
        ],
        "condition": "growth_stage",
        "estimated_effort": "medium",
        "notes": {
          "de": "Alle 1–2 Wochen ernten, um Nachtrieb zu fördern. Bei Hitze schattieren.",
          "en": "Harvest every 1–2 weeks to encourage regrowth. Provide shade during heatwaves."
        }
      },
      {
        "task": "fertilizing",
        "label": {
          "de": "Düngen",
          "en": "Fertilize"
        },
        "priority": "medium",
        "months": [
          7
        ],
        "condition": "growth_stage",
        "estimated_effort": "low",
        "notes": {
          "de": "Milden organischen Dünger (z. B. Brennnesseljauche) alle 2–3 Wochen geben.",
          "en": "Apply mild organic fertilizer (e.g., nettle tea) every 2–3 weeks."
        }
      }
    ],
    "8": [
      {
        "task": "support_installation",
        "label": {
          "de": "Stützen anbringen",
          "en": "Install support"
        },
        "priority": "medium",
        "months": [
          8
        ],
        "condition": "plant_height_150cm",
        "estimated_effort": "medium",
        "notes": {
          "de": "Bei starkem Wachstum Rankhilfe (z. B. Stäbe oder Netze) anbringen.",
          "en": "Install trellis or stakes for vigorous growth."
        }
      }
    ],
    "9": [
      {
        "task": "final_harvest",
        "label": {
          "de": "Letzte Ernte vor Frost",
          "en": "Final harvest before frost"
        },
        "priority": "high",
        "months": [
          9
        ],
        "condition": "before_first_frost",
        "estimated_effort": "medium",
        "notes": {
          "de": "Blätter und Triebe ernten. Samen für nächste Saison sammeln.",
          "en": "Harvest leaves and shoots. Collect seeds for next season."
        }
      }
    ],
    "10": [
      {
        "task": "crop_removal",
        "label": {
          "de": "Pflanzen entfernen",
          "en": "Remove plants"
        },
        "priority": "medium",
        "months": [
          10
        ],
        "condition": "after_harvest",
        "estimated_effort": "low",
        "notes": {
          "de": "Pflanzenreste kompostieren oder entsorgen.",
          "en": "Compost or dispose of plant residues."
        }
      }
    ]
  },
  "cultivation_specs": {
    "seed": {
      "seed_depth_cm_min": 0.5,
      "seed_depth_cm_max": 1,
      "light_germinator": true,
      "dark_germinator": false,
      "cold_germinator": false,
      "stratification_needed": false,
      "pre_soaking_recommended": false,
      "germination_temp_c_min": 15,
      "germination_temp_c_max": 25,
      "germination_days_min": 7,
      "germination_days_max": 14,
      "seed_lifespan_years_min": 3,
      "seed_lifespan_years_max": 5,
      "direct_sowing_possible": true,
      "pre_culture_recommended": true
    },
    "spacing": {
      "plant_spacing_cm_min": 40,
      "plant_spacing_cm_max": 50,
      "row_spacing_cm_min": 50,
      "row_spacing_cm_max": 60,
      "recommended_density_per_sqm_min": 3,
      "recommended_density_per_sqm_max": 4,
      "thinning_distance_cm": 10,
      "min_bed_width_cm": 60,
      "square_foot_gardening_spacing": "1 plant per 2 sq ft",
      "spacing_notes": {
        "de": "Abstand anpassen bei starkem Wachstum. Bei Mischkultur mit anderen Starkzehrern Abstand vergrößern.",
        "en": "Adjust spacing for vigorous growth. Increase spacing when intercropping with heavy feeders."
      }
    },
    "growth_dimensions": {
      "height_cm_min": 150,
      "height_cm_max": 300,
      "width_cm_min": 60,
      "width_cm_max": 100,
      "root_depth_cm_min": 30,
      "root_depth_cm_max": 50,
      "root_spread_cm_min": 40,
      "root_spread_cm_max": 60,
      "growth_speed": "fast",
      "final_size_notes": {
        "de": "Wird bei guten Bedingungen bis zu 3 m hoch. Rankhilfe empfohlen.",
        "en": "Can reach up to 3 m in height under good conditions. Trellis recommended."
      }
    },
    "temperature": {
      "min_growing_temp_c": 10,
      "optimal_temp_c_min": 18,
      "optimal_temp_c_max": 24,
      "max_heat_tolerance_c": 30,
      "soil_temp_for_sowing_c_min": 10,
      "soil_temp_for_sowing_c_optimal": 15,
      "frost_sensitive": true,
      "late_frost_sensitive": true,
      "heat_tolerance": "medium",
      "cold_tolerance": "low",
      "temperature_notes": {
        "de": "Verträgt keine Temperaturen unter 0 °C. Bei Spätfrost abdecken.",
        "en": "Does not tolerate temperatures below 0 °C. Cover in case of late frost."
      }
    },
    "water": {
      "water_need": "medium",
      "critical_water_phases": {
        "de": [
          "Keimung",
          "Jugendstadium",
          "Blüte"
        ],
        "en": [
          "germination",
          "seedling stage",
          "flowering"
        ]
      },
      "drought_tolerant": false,
      "drought_sensitivity": "medium",
      "waterlogging_sensitive": true,
      "mulching_recommended": true,
      "water_notes": {
        "de": "Gleichmäßig feucht halten, besonders während der Keimung und im Sommer. Staunässe vermeiden.",
        "en": "Keep soil evenly moist, especially during germination and summer. Avoid waterlogging."
      }
    },
    "nutrition": {
      "nutrient_group": "medium_feeder",
      "heavy_feeder": false,
      "medium_feeder": true,
      "light_feeder": false,
      "nitrogen_need": "high",
      "phosphorus_need": "medium",
      "potassium_need": "high",
      "calcium_need": "medium",
      "magnesium_need": "medium",
      "compost_recommended": true,
      "mulching_recommended": true,
      "fertilizer_sensitivity": "medium",
      "nutrition_notes": {
        "de": "Regelmäßige Düngung mit organischem Material fördert das Wachstum. Stickstoffbetont düngen.",
        "en": "Regular organic fertilization promotes growth. Apply nitrogen-rich fertilizer."
      }
    },
    "container": {
      "container_suitable": true,
      "min_pot_volume_l": 10,
      "recommended_pot_volume_l": 15,
      "min_pot_depth_cm": 30,
      "min_pot_diameter_cm": 30,
      "plants_per_container_min": 1,
      "plants_per_container_max": 1,
      "drainage_required": true,
      "repotting_needed": false,
      "container_notes": {
        "de": "Tiefe Töpfe oder Kübel verwenden. Bei Topfkultur regelmäßig gießen und düngen.",
        "en": "Use deep pots or containers. Water and fertilize regularly when grown in containers."
      }
    },
    "support": {
      "needs_support": true,
      "support_recommended": true,
      "climbing": false,
      "vining": false,
      "trellis_recommended": true,
      "support_types": [
        "trellis",
        "stake",
        "cage"
      ],
      "support_height_cm_min": 150,
      "support_height_cm_max": 300,
      "training_required": true,
      "support_notes": {
        "de": "Rankhilfe ab einer Höhe von 1,5 m anbringen. Stäbe oder Netze eignen sich.",
        "en": "Install trellis or stakes when plants reach 1.5 m. Netting or stakes work well."
      }
    },
    "cultivation_modes": {
      "outdoor_bed_suitable": true,
      "raised_bed_suitable": true,
      "container_suitable": true,
      "balcony_suitable": true,
      "greenhouse_suitable": true,
      "polytunnel_suitable": true,
      "indoor_suitable": false,
      "windowsill_suitable": false,
      "hydroponic_possible": false,
      "permaculture_suitable": true,
      "no_dig_suitable": true
    },
    "yield_density": {
      "yield_per_plant_min": 200,
      "yield_per_plant_max": 500,
      "yield_unit": "g",
      "yield_per_sqm_min": 600,
      "yield_per_sqm_max": 1500,
      "yield_reliability": "high",
      "yield_notes": {
        "de": "Ertrag steigt mit regelmäßiger Ernte und guter Düngung. Blätter und junge Triebe sind essbar.",
        "en": "Yield increases with regular harvesting and good fertilization. Leaves and young shoots are edible."
      }
    }
  },
  "site": {
    "de": [
      "Volle Sonne bis Halbschatten",
      "Windgeschützt",
      "Wärmebegünstigte Lagen"
    ],
    "en": [
      "full sun to partial shade",
      "sheltered from wind",
      "warm locations"
    ]
  },
  "soil": {
    "de": [
      "Tiefgründig, humusreich, nährstoffreich",
      "Lockere, gut durchlässige Erde",
      "pH-Wert 6,0–7,5"
    ],
    "en": [
      "deep, humus-rich, nutrient-rich",
      "loose, well-drained soil",
      "pH 6.0–7.5"
    ]
  },
  "watering": {
    "de": [
      "Gleichmäßig feucht halten, besonders in Trockenphasen",
      "Staunässe vermeiden",
      "Morgens oder abends gießen"
    ],
    "en": [
      "keep soil evenly moist, especially during dry spells",
      "avoid waterlogging",
      "water in the morning or evening"
    ]
  },
  "nutrition": {
    "de": [
      "Regelmäßig mit organischem Dünger versorgen",
      "Stickstoffbetont düngen",
      "Kompost und Mulch fördern das Wachstum"
    ],
    "en": [
      "fertilize regularly with organic fertilizer",
      "apply nitrogen-rich fertilizer",
      "compost and mulch promote growth"
    ]
  },
  "cultivation_planning": {
    "succession_sowing": {
      "possible": true,
      "interval_days_min": 21,
      "interval_days_max": 30
    },
    "bed_planning_notes": {
      "de": "Passt gut zu Kohl, Salat und Kräutern. Nicht mit anderen Starkzehrern wie Tomaten oder Mais kombinieren.",
      "en": "Suits well with cabbage, lettuce, and herbs. Avoid intercropping with heavy feeders like tomatoes or corn."
    },
    "rotation_priority": "medium",
    "interplanting_potential": "high",
    "mechanization_relevance": "low"
  },
  "crop_rotation": {
    "approach": {
      "de": "Baumspinat ist ein Starkzehrer und sollte nicht nach anderen Starkzehrern angebaut werden. Ideal ist eine Anbaupause von 3–4 Jahren auf derselben Fläche.",
      "en": "Tree spinach is a heavy feeder and should not follow other heavy feeders. Allow a 3–4 year break on the same plot."
    },
    "good_predecessors": {
      "de": [
        "Hülsenfrüchte",
        "Zwiebeln",
        "Knoblauch",
        "Kohlarten"
      ],
      "en": [
        "legumes",
        "onions",
        "garlic",
        "cabbage family"
      ]
    },
    "bad_predecessors": {
      "de": [
        "Spinat",
        "Mangold",
        "Rote Bete",
        "andere Chenopodium-Arten"
      ],
      "en": [
        "spinach",
        "chard",
        "beetroot",
        "other Chenopodium species"
      ]
    },
    "notes": {
      "de": "Nach dem Anbau Gründünger wie Phacelia oder Klee einsäen, um den Boden zu regenerieren.",
      "en": "Sow green manure like Phacelia or clover after harvest to regenerate soil."
    }
  },
  "companion_planting": {
    "approach": "de: Baumspinat profitiert von Mischkultur mit schwachzehrenden oder mittelzehrenden Pflanzen. Vermeide Konkurrenz um Nährstoffe und Wasser. | en: Tree spinach benefits from companion planting with light or medium feeders. Avoid competition for nutrients and water.",
    "good_neighbors": [
      {
        "slug": "kohl",
        "name": {
          "de": "Kohlarten",
          "en": "cabbage family"
        },
        "reason": {
          "de": "Kohlarten lockern den Boden und unterdrücken Unkraut, während Baumspinat Schatten spendet.",
          "en": "Cabbage family loosens soil and suppresses weeds while tree spinach provides shade."
        },
        "relationship_type": "mutual_benefit"
      },
      {
        "slug": "salat",
        "name": {
          "de": "Salat",
          "en": "lettuce"
        },
        "reason": {
          "de": "Salat nutzt den Schatten des Baumspinats und schützt den Boden vor Austrocknung.",
          "en": "Lettuce benefits from shade provided by tree spinach and protects soil from drying out."
        },
        "relationship_type": "mutual_benefit"
      },
      {
        "slug": "kraeuter",
        "name": {
          "de": "Kräuter",
          "en": "herbs"
        },
        "reason": {
          "de": "Kräuter wie Dill oder Kerbel lockern den Boden und halten Schädlinge fern.",
          "en": "Herbs like dill or coriander loosen soil and deter pests."
        },
        "relationship_type": "mutual_benefit"
      },
      {
        "slug": "zwiebeln",
        "name": {
          "de": "Zwiebeln",
          "en": "onions"
        },
        "reason": {
          "de": "Zwiebeln halten Schädlinge wie Blattläuse fern.",
          "en": "Onions deter pests such as aphids."
        },
        "relationship_type": "pest_repellent"
      }
    ],
    "bad_neighbors": [
      {
        "slug": "tomaten",
        "name": {
          "de": "Tomaten",
          "en": "tomatoes"
        },
        "reason": {
          "de": "Tomaten sind Starkzehrer und konkurrieren um Nährstoffe und Wasser.",
          "en": "Tomatoes are heavy feeders and compete for nutrients and water."
        },
        "relationship_type": "competition"
      },
      {
        "slug": "mais",
        "name": {
          "de": "Mais",
          "en": "corn"
        },
        "reason": {
          "de": "Mais ist ein Starkzehrer und entzieht dem Boden schnell Nährstoffe.",
          "en": "Corn is a heavy feeder and depletes soil nutrients quickly."
        },
        "relationship_type": "competition"
      },
      {
        "slug": "andere_chenopodium_arten",
        "name": {
          "de": "andere Chenopodium-Arten",
          "en": "other Chenopodium species"
        },
        "reason": {
          "de": "Gemeinsame Schädlinge und Krankheiten können sich ausbreiten.",
          "en": "Shared pests and diseases can spread."
        },
        "relationship_type": "disease_pest_risk"
      }
    ],
    "neutral_neighbors": [
      {
        "slug": "bohnen",
        "name": {
          "de": "Bohnen",
          "en": "beans"
        },
        "reason": {
          "de": "Kein direkter Nutzen oder Schaden, aber Bohnen sind Stickstoffsammler und können den Boden anreichern.",
          "en": "No direct benefit or harm, but beans are nitrogen fixers and may enrich soil."
        },
        "relationship_type": "neutral"
      }
    ],
    "companion_scores": [
      {
        "target_slug": "kohl",
        "score": 8,
        "reasons": [
          "soil_loosening",
          "weed_suppression",
          "shade_provision"
        ]
      },
      {
        "target_slug": "salat",
        "score": 7,
        "reasons": [
          "shade_tolerance",
          "soil_moisture_retention"
        ]
      },
      {
        "target_slug": "kraeuter",
        "score": 6,
        "reasons": [
          "pest_repellent",
          "soil_improvement"
        ]
      }
    ],
    "design_rules": {
      "de": [
        "Baumspinat in Nord-Süd-Richtung pflanzen, um Schatten für Nachbarpflanzen optimal zu nutzen.",
        "Mindestens 50 cm Abstand zu Starkzehrern wie Tomaten oder Mais einhalten.",
        "In Mischkultur mit Salat oder Kräutern Reihenabstand auf 40 cm reduzieren."
      ],
      "en": [
        "Plant tree spinach in a north-south orientation to optimize shade for companion plants.",
        "Maintain at least 50 cm spacing from heavy feeders like tomatoes or corn.",
        "Reduce row spacing to 40 cm when intercropping with lettuce or herbs."
      ]
    },
    "notes": {
      "de": "Mischkultur mit starkwüchsigen Pflanzen wie Kürbis ist möglich, erfordert aber mehr Platz und Kontrolle.",
      "en": "Intercropping with vigorous plants like squash is possible but requires more space and management."
    }
  },
  "deficiencies": {
    "main_deficiencies": [
      {
        "slug": "stickstoffmangel",
        "name": {
          "de": "Stickstoffmangel",
          "en": "nitrogen deficiency"
        },
        "description": {
          "de": "Blätter werden hellgrün bis gelb, Wachstum ist gehemmt. Besonders an älteren Blättern sichtbar.",
          "en": "Leaves turn pale green to yellow, growth is stunted. Visible especially on older leaves."
        },
        "symptoms": {
          "de": [
            "hellgrüne bis gelbe Blätter",
            "geringes Wachstum",
            "schlechte Ertragsbildung"
          ],
          "en": [
            "pale green to yellow leaves",
            "stunted growth",
            "poor yield formation"
          ]
        },
        "causes": {
          "de": [
            "nährstoffarmer Boden",
            "zu wenig organische Düngung",
            "Auswaschung durch starke Regenfälle"
          ],
          "en": [
            "nutrient-poor soil",
            "insufficient organic fertilization",
            "leaching due to heavy rainfall"
          ]
        },
        "prevention": {
          "de": [
            "regelmäßig mit organischem Dünger versorgen",
            "Kompost oder Mist einarbeiten",
            "Mulchschicht anlegen"
          ],
          "en": [
            "fertilize regularly with organic fertilizer",
            "incorporate compost or manure",
            "apply mulch layer"
          ]
        },
        "correction": {
          "de": [
            "schnellwirksamen organischen Dünger (z. B. Brennnesseljauche) geben",
            "Blattdüngung mit Stickstoff"
          ],
          "en": [
            "apply fast-acting organic fertilizer (e.g., nettle tea)",
            "foliar feed with nitrogen"
          ]
        }
      },
      {
        "slug": "kaliummangel",
        "name": {
          "de": "Kaliummangel",
          "en": "potassium deficiency"
        },
        "description": {
          "de": "Blattränder werden gelb bis braun, Blätter wirken welk. Wachstum ist gehemmt.",
          "en": "Leaf edges turn yellow to brown, leaves appear wilted. Growth is stunted."
        },
        "symptoms": {
          "de": [
            "gelbe bis braune Blattränder",
            "Welkeerscheinungen",
            "geringes Wachstum"
          ],
          "en": [
            "yellow to brown leaf edges",
            "wilting",
            "stunted growth"
          ]
        },
        "causes": {
          "de": [
            "sandige, ausgelaugte Böden",
            "zu wenig Kaliumdüngung",
            "hohe Calcium- oder Magnesiumgehalte"
          ],
          "en": [
            "sandy, leached soils",
            "insufficient potassium fertilization",
            "high calcium or magnesium levels"
          ]
        },
        "prevention": {
          "de": [
            "Kaliumbetonte Düngung (z. B. Patentkali)",
            "Kompost oder Holzasche einarbeiten"
          ],
          "en": [
            "apply potassium-rich fertilizer (e.g., Patentkali)",
            "incorporate compost or wood ash"
          ]
        },
        "correction": {
          "de": [
            "schnellwirksamen Kaliumdünger (z. B. Patentkali) geben",
            "Blattdüngung mit Kalium"
          ],
          "en": [
            "apply fast-acting potassium fertilizer (e.g., Patentkali)",
            "foliar feed with potassium"
          ]
        }
      },
      {
        "slug": "magnesiummangel",
        "name": {
          "de": "Magnesiummangel",
          "en": "magnesium deficiency"
        },
        "description": {
          "de": "Gelb-grüne Flecken zwischen den Blattadern, besonders an älteren Blättern. Kann zu vorzeitigem Blattfall führen.",
          "en": "Yellow-green spots between leaf veins, especially on older leaves. Can lead to premature leaf drop."
        },
        "symptoms": {
          "de": [
            "gelb-grüne Flecken zwischen Blattadern",
            "Blattverformung",
            "Blattfall"
          ],
          "en": [
            "yellow-green spots between leaf veins",
            "leaf distortion",
            "leaf drop"
          ]
        },
        "causes": {
          "de": [
            "sandige, saure Böden",
            "hohe Kalium- oder Calciumgehalte",
            "Auswaschung durch starke Regenfälle"
          ],
          "en": [
            "sandy, acidic soils",
            "high potassium or calcium levels",
            "leaching due to heavy rainfall"
          ]
        },
        "prevention": {
          "de": [
            "Magnesiumbetonte Düngung (z. B. Bittersalz)",
            "Boden-pH-Wert anpassen (6,0–7,5)",
            "Kompost einarbeiten"
          ],
          "en": [
            "apply magnesium-rich fertilizer (e.g., Epsom salt)",
            "adjust soil pH (6.0–7.5)",
            "incorporate compost"
          ]
        },
        "correction": {
          "de": [
            "Bittersalz (Magnesiumsulfat) als Blattdüngung oder Bodengabe",
            "Magnesiumbetonte organische Dünger"
          ],
          "en": [
            "apply Epsom salt (magnesium sulfate) as foliar or soil feed",
            "use magnesium-rich organic fertilizers"
          ]
        }
      }
    ],
    "other_deficiencies": [
      {
        "slug": "phosphormangel",
        "name": {
          "de": "Phosphormangel",
          "en": "phosphorus deficiency"
        },
        "description": {
          "de": "Blätter werden dunkelgrün bis bläulich, Wachstum ist stark gehemmt. Besonders bei kühlen Temperaturen sichtbar.",
          "en": "Leaves turn dark green to bluish, growth is severely stunted. Visible especially in cool temperatures."
        },
        "symptoms": {
          "de": [
            "dunkelgrüne bis bläuliche Blätter",
            "geringes Wachstum",
            "späte Reife"
          ],
          "en": [
            "dark green to bluish leaves",
            "stunted growth",
            "late maturity"
          ]
        },
        "causes": {
          "de": [
            "kalte Böden",
            "hoher pH-Wert (>7,5)",
            "Phosphorauswaschung"
          ],
          "en": [
            "cold soils",
            "high pH (>7.5)",
            "phosphorus leaching"
          ]
        },
        "prevention": {
          "de": [
            "Phosphorbetonte Düngung (z. B. Thomasphosphat)",
            "Boden erwärmen",
            "pH-Wert anpassen"
          ],
          "en": [
            "apply phosphorus-rich fertilizer (e.g., Thomas phosphate)",
            "warm soil",
            "adjust pH"
          ]
        },
        "correction": {
          "de": [
            "schnellwirksamen Phosphordünger (z. B. Superphosphat) geben",
            "Blattdüngung mit Phosphor"
          ],
          "en": [
            "apply fast-acting phosphorus fertilizer (e.g., superphosphate)",
            "foliar feed with phosphorus"
          ]
        }
      }
    ],
    "deficiency_groups": {
      "de": [
        "Makronährstoffmangel",
        "Mikronährstoffmangel"
      ],
      "en": [
        "macronutrient deficiency",
        "micronutrient deficiency"
      ]
    }
  },
  "problems": {
    "common_issues": [
      {
        "slug": "schossbildung",
        "name": {
          "de": "Schossbildung",
          "en": "bolting"
        },
        "description": {
          "de": "Vorzeitige Blütenbildung, die zu bitteren, zähen Blättern führt. Wird durch Stress wie Trockenheit oder lange Tage ausgelöst.",
          "en": "Premature flowering leading to bitter, tough leaves. Triggered by stress such as drought or long days."
        },
        "symptoms": {
          "de": [
            "langer, dünner Stängel",
            "Blütenansatz",
            "bittere Blätter"
          ],
          "en": [
            "long, thin stem",
            "flower bud formation",
            "bitter leaves"
          ]
        },
        "causes": {
          "de": [
            "lange Tage",
            "Temperaturen über 25 °C",
            "Trockenstress",
            "nährstoffarmer Boden"
          ],
          "en": [
            "long days",
            "temperatures above 25 °C",
            "drought stress",
            "nutrient-poor soil"
          ]
        },
        "prevention": {
          "de": [
            "frühe Aussaat (März–April)",
            "regelmäßig gießen",
            "schattieren bei Hitze",
            "stickstoffbetont düngen"
          ],
          "en": [
            "sow early (March–April)",
            "water regularly",
            "provide shade in heat",
            "apply nitrogen-rich fertilizer"
          ]
        },
        "management": {
          "de": [
            "Blütenstängel entfernen, um Ertrag zu verlängern",
            "Pflanzen bei Schossbeginn ernten"
          ],
          "en": [
            "remove flowering stems to extend harvest",
            "harvest plants at first sign of bolting"
          ]
        }
      },
      {
        "slug": "blattverfärbungen",
        "name": {
          "de": "Blattverfärbungen",
          "en": "leaf discoloration"
        },
        "description": {
          "de": "Unnatürliche Verfärbungen der Blätter, die auf Nährstoffmangel, Krankheiten oder Schädlinge hinweisen.",
          "en": "Unnatural discoloration of leaves indicating nutrient deficiency, diseases, or pests."
        },
        "symptoms": {
          "de": [
            "gelbe, rote oder braune Flecken",
            "Blattverformung",
            "Blattfall"
          ],
          "en": [
            "yellow, red, or brown spots",
            "leaf distortion",
            "leaf drop"
          ]
        },
        "causes": {
          "de": [
            "Nährstoffmangel",
            "Pilzkrankheiten",
            "Virusinfektionen",
            "Schädlingsbefall"
          ],
          "en": [
            "nutrient deficiency",
            "fungal diseases",
            "viral infections",
            "pest infestation"
          ]
        },
        "prevention": {
          "de": [
            "regelmäßige Bodenanalyse",
            "ausgewogene Düngung",
            "Fruchtfolge einhalten"
          ],
          "en": [
            "regular soil analysis",
            "balanced fertilization",
            "follow crop rotation"
          ]
        },
        "management": {
          "de": [
            "Ursache identifizieren (Nährstoffmangel, Krankheit, Schädling)",
            "entsprechend behandeln"
          ],
          "en": [
            "identify cause (nutrient deficiency, disease, pest)",
            "treat accordingly"
          ]
        }
      },
      {
        "slug": "wuchshemmung",
        "name": {
          "de": "Wuchshemmung",
          "en": "growth inhibition"
        },
        "description": {
          "de": "Pflanzen bleiben klein und entwickeln sich schlecht. Kann durch Nährstoffmangel, Staunässe oder Schädlinge verursacht werden.",
          "en": "Plants remain small and develop poorly. Caused by nutrient deficiency, waterlogging, or pests."
        },
        "symptoms": {
          "de": [
            "kleine, schwache Pflanzen",
            "gelbe Blätter",
            "geringes Wachstum"
          ],
          "en": [
            "small, weak plants",
            "yellow leaves",
            "stunted growth"
          ]
        },
        "causes": {
          "de": [
            "Stickstoffmangel",
            "Staunässe",
            "Wurzelfäule",
            "Schädlingsbefall"
          ],
          "en": [
            "nitrogen deficiency",
            "waterlogging",
            "root rot",
            "pest infestation"
          ]
        },
        "prevention": {
          "de": [
            "ausgewogene Düngung",
            "lockere, durchlässige Erde",
            "regelmäßige Kontrolle auf Schädlinge"
          ],
          "en": [
            "balanced fertilization",
            "loose, well-drained soil",
            "regular pest inspection"
          ]
        },
        "management": {
          "de": [
            "Ursache beheben (Düngung, Drainage, Schädlingsbekämpfung)",
            "Pflanzen bei Bedarf umsetzen"
          ],
          "en": [
            "address cause (fertilization, drainage, pest control)",
            "transplant plants if necessary"
          ]
        }
      }
    ],
    "other_issues": [
      {
        "slug": "frostschaeden",
        "name": {
          "de": "Frostschäden",
          "en": "frost damage"
        },
        "description": {
          "de": "Blätter und Triebe werden durch Frost braun und welk. Besonders junge Pflanzen sind gefährdet.",
          "en": "Leaves and shoots turn brown and wilt due to frost. Young plants are particularly vulnerable."
        },
        "symptoms": {
          "de": [
            "braune, welke Blätter",
            "schleimige Blattstruktur",
            "Pflanzen sterben ab"
          ],
          "en": [
            "brown, wilted leaves",
            "mushy leaf texture",
            "plant death"
          ]
        },
        "causes": {
          "de": [
            "Spätfröste",
            "unzureichender Frostschutz"
          ],
          "en": [
            "late frosts",
            "insufficient frost protection"
          ]
        },
        "prevention": {
          "de": [
            "Aussaat erst nach den Eisheiligen",
            "Pflanzen bei Spätfrostgefahr abdecken",
            "Frostschutzvlies verwenden"
          ],
          "en": [
            "sow only after Ice Saints",
            "cover plants in case of late frost risk",
            "use frost protection fleece"
          ]
        },
        "management": {
          "de": [
            "abgestorbene Pflanzenteile entfernen",
            "Pflanzen bei mildem Wetter neu austreiben lassen"
          ],
          "en": [
            "remove dead plant parts",
            "allow plants to regrow in mild weather"
          ]
        }
      }
    ]
  },
  "problem_management": {
    "common_pest_groups": {
      "de": [
        "saugende Insekten",
        "minierende Insekten",
        "Schnecken"
      ],
      "en": [
        "sucking insects",
        "mining insects",
        "slugs and snails"
      ]
    },
    "common_disease_groups": {
      "de": [
        "Pilzkrankheiten",
        "Wurzelerkrankungen"
      ],
      "en": [
        "fungal diseases",
        "root diseases"
      ]
    },
    "prevention_principles": {
      "de": [
        "Gesunde, ausgewogene Düngung mit organischen Materialien (Kompost, Mist)",
        "Regelmäßige Bodenanalyse und pH-Wert-Kontrolle (6,0–7,5)",
        "Ausreichende, aber nicht übermäßige Bewässerung (gleichmäßig feucht halten)",
        "Fruchtfolge einhalten (3–4 Jahre Pause für Baumspinat)",
        "Mischkultur mit schwach- bis mittelzehrenden Pflanzen",
        "Regelmäßige Kontrolle auf Schädlinge und Krankheiten",
        "Luftzirkulation verbessern (nicht zu dicht pflanzen)",
        "Staunässe vermeiden (lockere, durchlässige Erde)",
        "Frostschutzmaßnahmen bei Spätfrostgefahr"
      ],
      "en": [
        "Healthy, balanced fertilization with organic materials (compost, manure)",
        "Regular soil analysis and pH control (6.0–7.5)",
        "Adequate but not excessive irrigation (keep soil evenly moist)",
        "Follow crop rotation (3–4 year break for tree spinach)",
        "Intercrop with light to medium feeders",
        "Regular inspection for pests and diseases",
        "Improve air circulation (avoid dense planting)",
        "Avoid waterlogging (use loose, well-drained soil)",
        "Frost protection measures in case of late frost risk"
      ]
    },
    "diagnosis_notes": {
      "de": "Bei unklaren Symptomen zunächst Nährstoffmangel, Schädlinge und Krankheiten ausschließen. Boden-pH-Wert und Nährstoffgehalt prüfen. Bei Pilzbefall befallene Blätter entfernen und nicht kompostieren.",
      "en": "For unclear symptoms, first rule out nutrient deficiency, pests, and diseases. Check soil pH and nutrient content. Remove and do not compost infected leaves in case of fungal disease."
    }
  },
  "disease_graph": {
    "scope": "baumspinat",
    "profiles": [
      {
        "slug": "falscher_mehltau",
        "severity": "high",
        "conditions": {
          "de": [
            "Feucht-kühles Wetter (10–20 °C)",
            "Tropfende Blätter (Regen, Beregnung)",
            "Dichte Bestände",
            "Staunässe im Boden",
            "Hohe Luftfeuchtigkeit"
          ],
          "en": [
            "Cool, humid weather (10–20 °C)",
            "Dripping leaves (rain, irrigation)",
            "Dense stands",
            "Waterlogging in soil",
            "High humidity"
          ]
        },
        "affected_parts": {
          "de": [
            "Blätter",
            "Triebe"
          ],
          "en": [
            "leaves",
            "shoots"
          ]
        },
        "prevention": {
          "de": [
            "Fruchtfolge einhalten (3–4 Jahre)",
            "Pflanzen nicht zu dicht setzen",
            "Luftzirkulation verbessern",
            "Boden mulchen (vermindert Spritzwasser)",
            "Resistente Sorten wählen",
            "Netze zur Regenschutz verwenden"
          ],
          "en": [
            "Follow crop rotation (3–4 years)",
            "Avoid dense planting",
            "Improve air circulation",
            "Mulch soil (reduces splash water)",
            "Choose resistant varieties",
            "Use netting for rain protection"
          ]
        },
        "organic_control": {
          "de": [
            "Befallene Blätter entfernen und entsorgen (nicht kompostieren)",
            "Kupferpräparate (z. B. Kupferkalk) spritzen",
            "Pflanzen mit Wasser besprühen (reduziert Sporenkeimung)",
            "Netze zur Regenschutz verwenden",
            "Schachtelhalmbrühe vorbeugend spritzen"
          ],
          "en": [
            "Remove and dispose of infected leaves (do not compost)",
            "Spray copper preparations (e.g., Bordeaux mixture)",
            "Mist plants with water (reduces spore germination)",
            "Use netting for rain protection",
            "Spray horsetail decoction preventively"
          ]
        }
      },
      {
        "slug": "echter_mehltau",
        "severity": "medium",
        "conditions": {
          "de": [
            "Trocken-heißes Wetter (über 25 °C)",
            "Stickstoffbetonte Düngung",
            "Dichte Bestände",
            "Schlechte Luftzirkulation"
          ],
          "en": [
            "Hot, dry weather (above 25 °C)",
            "Nitrogen-rich fertilization",
            "Dense stands",
            "Poor air circulation"
          ]
        },
        "affected_parts": {
          "de": [
            "Blätter"
          ],
          "en": [
            "leaves"
          ]
        },
        "prevention": {
          "de": [
            "Stickstoffdüngung reduzieren",
            "Pflanzen nicht zu dicht setzen",
            "Luftzirkulation verbessern",
            "Schwefelpräparate vorbeugend spritzen",
            "Netze zur Schattierung verwenden"
          ],
          "en": [
            "Reduce nitrogen fertilization",
            "Avoid dense planting",
            "Improve air circulation",
            "Spray sulfur preparations preventively",
            "Use netting for shading"
          ]
        },
        "organic_control": {
          "de": [
            "Befallene Blätter entfernen",
            "Schwefelpräparate spritzen",
            "Pflanzen mit Wasser besprühen",
            "Netze zur Schattierung verwenden",
            "Knoblauchbrühe vorbeugend spritzen"
          ],
          "en": [
            "Remove infected leaves",
            "Spray sulfur preparations",
            "Mist plants with water",
            "Use netting for shading",
            "Spray garlic decoction preventively"
          ]
        }
      },
      {
        "slug": "wurzelfaeule",
        "severity": "high",
        "conditions": {
          "de": [
            "Staunässe im Boden",
            "Schwere, lehmige Böden",
            "Hohe Bodenfeuchtigkeit",
            "Temperaturen unter 15 °C"
          ],
          "en": [
            "Waterlogging in soil",
            "Heavy, clay soils",
            "High soil moisture",
            "Temperatures below 15 °C"
          ]
        },
        "affected_parts": {
          "de": [
            "Wurzeln",
            "gesamte Pflanze"
          ],
          "en": [
            "roots",
            "entire plant"
          ]
        },
        "prevention": {
          "de": [
            "Boden drainieren (Drainagerohre, erhöhte Beete)",
            "Lockere, durchlässige Erde verwenden",
            "Staunässe vermeiden",
            "Fruchtfolge einhalten",
            "Organische Mulchschicht reduzieren"
          ],
          "en": [
            "Drain soil (drainage pipes, raised beds)",
            "Use loose, well-drained soil",
            "Avoid waterlogging",
            "Follow crop rotation",
            "Reduce organic mulch layer"
          ]
        },
        "organic_control": {
          "de": [
            "Befallene Pflanzen entfernen und entsorgen",
            "Pilzhemmende Mittel wie Schachtelhalmbrühe spritzen",
            "Pflanzen auf erhöhte Beete umsetzen",
            "Boden mit Sand oder Perlite auflockern"
          ],
          "en": [
            "Remove and dispose of infected plants",
            "Spray fungus-inhibiting agents like horsetail decoction",
            "Transplant plants to raised beds",
            "Loosen soil with sand or perlite"
          ]
        }
      }
    ]
  },
  "diagnosis": {
    "diagnostic_rules": [
      {
        "symptom": {
          "de": "Blätter zeigen gelbliche Flecken auf der Oberseite und violetten Pilzrasen auf der Unterseite.",
          "en": "Leaves show yellowish spots on the upper side and violet fungal growth on the underside."
        },
        "possible_causes": [
          "falscher_mehltau"
        ],
        "first_checks": {
          "de": [
            "Feucht-kühles Wetter prüfen",
            "Blattunterseiten auf Pilzrasen kontrollieren",
            "Bodenfeuchtigkeit prüfen"
          ],
          "en": [
            "Check for cool, humid weather",
            "Inspect leaf undersides for fungal growth",
            "Check soil moisture"
          ]
        }
      },
      {
        "symptom": {
          "de": "Blätter zeigen weißen, mehligen Belag.",
          "en": "Leaves show a white, powdery coating."
        },
        "possible_causes": [
          "echter_mehltau"
        ],
        "first_checks": {
          "de": [
            "Trocken-heißes Wetter prüfen",
            "Blätter auf mehligen Belag kontrollieren",
            "Stickstoffdüngung überprüfen"
          ],
          "en": [
            "Check for hot, dry weather",
            "Inspect leaves for powdery coating",
            "Review nitrogen fertilization"
          ]
        }
      },
      {
        "symptom": {
          "de": "Blätter werden hellgrün bis gelb, Wachstum ist gehemmt.",
          "en": "Leaves turn pale green to yellow, growth is stunted."
        },
        "possible_causes": [
          "stickstoffmangel",
          "magnesiummangel"
        ],
        "first_checks": {
          "de": [
            "Bodenanalyse auf Stickstoff und Magnesium durchführen",
            "Blätter auf Flecken kontrollieren",
            "Düngungsplan überprüfen"
          ],
          "en": [
            "Conduct soil analysis for nitrogen and magnesium",
            "Inspect leaves for spots",
            "Review fertilization schedule"
          ]
        }
      },
      {
        "symptom": {
          "de": "Blattränder werden gelb bis braun, Blätter wirken welk.",
          "en": "Leaf edges turn yellow to brown, leaves appear wilted."
        },
        "possible_causes": [
          "kaliummangel",
          "wurzelfaeule"
        ],
        "first_checks": {
          "de": [
            "Bodenanalyse auf Kalium durchführen",
            "Wurzeln auf Fäule kontrollieren",
            "Bodenfeuchtigkeit prüfen"
          ],
          "en": [
            "Conduct soil analysis for potassium",
            "Inspect roots for rot",
            "Check soil moisture"
          ]
        }
      },
      {
        "symptom": {
          "de": "Blätter zeigen silbrige Gänge oder Fraßlöcher.",
          "en": "Leaves show silvery trails or holes."
        },
        "possible_causes": [
          "minierfliegen",
          "schnecken"
        ],
        "first_checks": {
          "de": [
            "Blätter auf Gänge kontrollieren",
            "Abends nach Schnecken suchen",
            "Boden auf Schleimspuren prüfen"
          ],
          "en": [
            "Inspect leaves for trails",
            "Search for slugs in the evening",
            "Check soil for slime trails"
          ]
        }
      },
      {
        "symptom": {
          "de": "Pflanzen bleiben klein, Blätter sind gelb und welk.",
          "en": "Plants remain small, leaves are yellow and wilted."
        },
        "possible_causes": [
          "wuchshemmung",
          "nährstoffmangel",
          "staunässe"
        ],
        "first_checks": {
          "de": [
            "Bodenanalyse durchführen",
            "Wurzeln auf Fäule kontrollieren",
            "Düngungsplan überprüfen"
          ],
          "en": [
            "Conduct soil analysis",
            "Inspect roots for rot",
            "Review fertilization schedule"
          ]
        }
      },
      {
        "symptom": {
          "de": "Blätter zeigen braune, matschige Wurzeln.",
          "en": "Leaves show brown, mushy roots."
        },
        "possible_causes": [
          "wurzelfaeule"
        ],
        "first_checks": {
          "de": [
            "Wurzeln freilegen und auf Fäule kontrollieren",
            "Bodenfeuchtigkeit prüfen",
            "Drainage verbessern"
          ],
          "en": [
            "Expose and inspect roots for rot",
            "Check soil moisture",
            "Improve drainage"
          ]
        }
      }
    ],
    "prevention_strategy": {
      "cultural": {
        "de": [
          "Fruchtfolge einhalten (3–4 Jahre Pause für Baumspinat)",
          "Mischkultur mit schwach- bis mittelzehrenden Pflanzen",
          "Lockere, durchlässige Erde verwenden",
          "Regelmäßig gießen, Staunässe vermeiden",
          "Pflanzen nicht zu dicht setzen",
          "Luftzirkulation verbessern",
          "Boden-pH-Wert zwischen 6,0 und 7,5 halten",
          "Organische Düngung mit Kompost oder Mist"
        ],
        "en": [
          "Follow crop rotation (3–4 year break for tree spinach)",
          "Intercrop with light to medium feeders",
          "Use loose, well-drained soil",
          "Water regularly, avoid waterlogging",
          "Avoid dense planting",
          "Improve air circulation",
          "Maintain soil pH between 6.0 and 7.5",
          "Apply organic fertilization with compost or manure"
        ]
      },
      "monitoring": {
        "de": [
          "Regelmäßig Blätter auf Schädlinge und Krankheiten kontrollieren (mindestens 1x pro Woche)",
          "Bodenfeuchtigkeit prüfen (nicht zu nass, nicht zu trocken)",
          "Wurzeln bei Verdacht auf Fäule freilegen",
          "Blattverfärbungen und -verformungen dokumentieren",
          "Temperatur- und Wettervorhersagen beachten (besonders bei Hitze oder Kälte)"
        ],
        "en": [
          "Regularly inspect leaves for pests and diseases (at least once per week)",
          "Check soil moisture (not too wet, not too dry)",
          "Expose roots if root rot is suspected",
          "Document leaf discoloration and distortion",
          "Monitor temperature and weather forecasts (especially in heat or cold)"
        ]
      },
      "organic_first_response": {
        "de": [
          "Befallene Blätter oder Pflanzenteile entfernen und entsorgen (nicht kompostieren)",
          "Pflanzen mit Wasser besprühen (reduziert Sporenkeimung bei Pilzkrankheiten)",
          "Organische Mittel wie Schachtelhalmbrühe, Knoblauchbrühe oder Neemöl einsetzen",
          "Nützlinge wie Marienkäfer oder Schlupfwespen fördern",
          "Netze oder Vliese zum Schutz vor Schädlingen oder Frost verwenden",
          "Bei Wurzelfäule Pflanzen auf erhöhte Beete umsetzen oder Drainage verbessern"
        ],
        "en": [
          "Remove and dispose of infected leaves or plant parts (do not compost)",
          "Mist plants with water (reduces spore germination in fungal diseases)",
          "Use organic agents like horsetail decoction, garlic decoction, or neem oil",
          "Encourage beneficial insects like ladybirds or parasitic wasps",
          "Use netting or fleece for protection against pests or frost",
          "In case of root rot, transplant plants to raised beds or improve drainage"
        ]
      },
      "notes": {
        "de": "Bei anhaltenden Problemen Bodenanalyse durchführen und pH-Wert sowie Nährstoffgehalt anpassen. Bei Virusinfektionen befallene Pflanzen entfernen und nicht kompostieren.",
        "en": "Conduct soil analysis for persistent issues and adjust pH and nutrient content. Remove and do not compost infected plants in case of viral infections."
      }
    }
  },
  "phenology": {
    "stages": {
      "de": [
        "Keimung",
        "Jugendstadium",
        "Vegetatives Wachstum",
        "Blüte",
        "Fruchtbildung",
        "Reife"
      ],
      "en": [
        "germination",
        "seedling stage",
        "vegetative growth",
        "flowering",
        "fruit formation",
        "maturity"
      ]
    },
    "notes": {
      "de": "Baumspinat wächst schnell und erreicht unter guten Bedingungen eine Höhe von bis zu 3 m. Regelmäßiges Schneiden fördert buschigen Wuchs und verlängert die Erntezeit.",
      "en": "Tree spinach grows quickly and can reach up to 3 m in height under good conditions. Regular pruning encourages bushy growth and extends the harvest period."
    }
  },
  "flowering_pollination": {
    "de": "Baumspinat bildet unscheinbare, grüne Blüten in rispigen Blütenständen. Die Blütezeit liegt meist zwischen Juli und September.",
    "en": "Tree spinach produces inconspicuous green flowers in paniculate inflorescences. Flowering typically occurs between July and September."
  },
  "pollination": {
    "summary": {
      "de": "Baumspinat ist windbestäubt, benötigt aber keine spezifischen Bestäuber. Selbstbestäubung ist möglich.",
      "en": "Tree spinach is wind-pollinated but does not require specific pollinators. Self-pollination is possible."
    },
    "pollinator_required": false,
    "self_fertility": "self-fertile",
    "pollinator_notes": {
      "de": "Da die Bestäubung durch Wind erfolgt, sind keine Bestäuberinsekten erforderlich. Kreuzbestäubung mit anderen Chenopodium-Arten ist möglich, aber für die Erhaltung der Art nicht notwendig.",
      "en": "Since pollination occurs via wind, no pollinator insects are required. Cross-pollination with other Chenopodium species is possible but not necessary for species preservation."
    }
  },
  "harvest": {
    "de": "Baumspinat kann kontinuierlich von Juni bis Oktober beerntet werden. Geerntet werden Blätter und junge Triebe.",
    "en": "Tree spinach can be harvested continuously from June to October. Harvest leaves and young shoots."
  },
  "harvest_details": {
    "harvest_frequency": {
      "de": "Alle 1–2 Wochen, um Nachtrieb zu fördern.",
      "en": "Every 1–2 weeks to encourage regrowth."
    },
    "harvest_indicators": {
      "de": [
        "Blätter sind 10–15 cm lang",
        "Pflanzen erreichen eine Höhe von 30–50 cm",
        "Blätter sind dunkelgrün und saftig"
      ],
      "en": [
        "leaves are 10–15 cm long",
        "plants reach a height of 30–50 cm",
        "leaves are dark green and succulent"
      ]
    },
    "post_harvest_handling": {
      "de": "Geerntete Blätter und Triebe sofort in feuchtem Tuch oder Plastikbeutel im Kühlschrank lagern. Nicht waschen, bis kurz vor der Verwendung.",
      "en": "Store harvested leaves and shoots immediately in a damp cloth or plastic bag in the refrigerator. Do not wash until shortly before use."
    }
  },
  "storage": {
    "de": "Frische Baumspinat-Blätter und -Triebe",
    "en": "Fresh tree spinach leaves and shoots"
  },
  "storage_details": {
    "general_storage_category": {
      "de": "Kühlschrank (kurzfristig)",
      "en": "Refrigerator (short-term)"
    },
    "storage_life": {
      "de": "3–5 Tage bei 4–7 °C und hoher Luftfeuchtigkeit",
      "en": "3–5 days at 4–7 °C and high humidity"
    },
    "processing_options": {
      "de": [
        "Blanchieren und einfrieren",
        "Trocknen",
        "Pürieren für Smoothies"
      ],
      "en": [
        "blanch and freeze",
        "dry",
        "puree for smoothies"
      ]
    }
  },
  "processing_use": {
    "de": "Baumspinat eignet sich hervorragend für herzhafte Gerichte wie Suppen, Eintöpfe, Pfannengerichte und als Spinatersatz in Quiches oder Lasagne.",
    "en": "Tree spinach is excellent for savory dishes such as soups, stews, stir-fries, and as a spinach substitute in quiches or lasagna."
  },
  "kitchen_usage": {
    "primary_uses": {
      "de": [
        "Blätter und junge Triebe als Gemüse",
        "Rohkost in Salaten",
        "Püree oder Smoothies"
      ],
      "en": [
        "leaves and young shoots as vegetable",
        "raw in salads",
        "puree or smoothies"
      ]
    },
    "culinary_notes": {
      "de": "Blätter vor der Verwendung waschen und Stiele entfernen. Roh schmecken die Blätter nussig und leicht bitter. Durch Blanchieren wird der Geschmack milder. Passt gut zu Knoblauch, Chili, Zitrone und Sahne.",
      "en": "Wash leaves before use and remove stems. Raw, the leaves have a nutty, slightly bitter taste. Blanching mellows the flavor. Pairs well with garlic, chili, lemon, and cream."
    },
    "recipes": {
      "de": [
        "Baumspinat-Pesto",
        "Baumspinat-Suppe mit Kartoffeln und Möhren",
        "Gefüllte Blätter mit Hackfleisch und Reis"
      ],
      "en": [
        "tree spinach pesto",
        "tree spinach soup with potatoes and carrots",
        "stuffed leaves with minced meat and rice"
      ]
    }
  },
  "safety_and_edibility": {
    "edible_parts": {
      "de": [
        "Blätter",
        "junge Triebe"
      ],
      "en": [
        "leaves",
        "young shoots"
      ]
    },
    "inedible_or_caution_parts": {
      "de": [
        "reife Samen (können in großen Mengen abführend wirken)",
        "alte, verholzte Stängel"
      ],
      "en": [
        "mature seeds (may have a laxative effect in large quantities)",
        "old, woody stems"
      ]
    },
    "toxicity_notes": {
      "de": "Baumspinat enthält Oxalsäure, die in großen Mengen die Aufnahme von Mineralstoffen hemmen kann. Bei normalem Verzehr in Maßen unbedenklich. Oxalsäuregehalt kann durch Blanchieren reduziert werden.",
      "en": "Tree spinach contains oxalic acid, which in large quantities can inhibit mineral absorption. Harmless in normal, moderate consumption. Oxalic acid content can be reduced by blanching."
    },
    "raw_consumption": {
      "de": "Ja, Blätter und junge Triebe können roh verzehrt werden, schmecken aber bitterer als nach dem Blanchieren.",
      "en": "Yes, leaves and young shoots can be eaten raw but taste more bitter than after blanching."
    }
  },
  "seed_saving": {
    "de": "Samen reifen von September bis Oktober. Ernte die Samenstände, wenn sie braun und trocken sind.",
    "en": "Seeds mature from September to October. Harvest seed heads when they turn brown and dry."
  },
  "seed_saving_advanced": {
    "harvest_method": {
      "de": "Samenstände abschneiden und an einem trockenen, luftigen Ort nachreifen lassen. Anschließend die Samen aus den Köpfen herausreiben und von Pflanzenresten trennen.",
      "en": "Cut seed heads and allow them to finish drying in a dry, airy place. Then rub seeds out of the heads and separate from plant debris."
    },
    "processing": {
      "de": "Samen durch ein Sieb oder feines Netz von den Pflanzenresten trennen. Vollständig trocknen lassen (ca. 1 Woche) und in Papiertüten oder Glasbehältern an einem kühlen, trockenen Ort lagern.",
      "en": "Separate seeds from plant debris using a sieve or fine mesh. Dry thoroughly (about 1 week) and store in paper bags or glass containers in a cool, dry place."
    },
    "viability": {
      "de": "Samen bleiben bei trockener Lagerung 3–5 Jahre keimfähig.",
      "en": "Seeds remain viable for 3–5 years when stored dry."
    },
    "germination_tips": {
      "de": "Samen vor der Aussaat nicht stratifizieren. Keimtemperatur sollte mindestens 15 °C betragen. Direktsaat oder Vorkultur möglich.",
      "en": "Do not stratify seeds before sowing. Germination temperature should be at least 15 °C. Direct sowing or pre-culture is possible."
    }
  },
  "woody_crop_details": {
    "notes": {
      "de": "Baumspinat ist ein vielseitiger Kulturkorb, der in verschiedenen Anbaumethoden und -systemen verwendet werden kann.",
      "en": "Tree spinach is a versatile crop that can be used in various cultivation methods and systems."
    }
  },
  "pruning_logic": {
    "scope": "baumspinat",
    "system": "klimmesystem",
    "remove": {
      "de": [
        "veraltete Triebe"
      ],
      "en": [
        "veraltete Triebe"
      ]
    },
    "preserve": {
      "de": [
        "gesunde Triebe"
      ],
      "en": [
        "gesunde Triebe"
      ]
    },
    "avoid": {
      "de": [
        "Übermäßige Beschattung"
      ],
      "en": [
        "Excessive shading"
      ]
    },
    "timing_rules": [
      {
        "season": "Frühling",
        "months": [
          3,
          4,
          5
        ],
        "purpose": {
          "de": "Entfernung veralteter Triebe",
          "en": "Entfernung veralteter Triebe"
        },
        "notes": {
          "de": "Im Frühling sollten veraltete Triebe entfernt werden, um das Wachstum zu fördern.",
          "en": "In the spring, remove old shoots to encourage growth."
        }
      },
      {
        "season": "Sommer",
        "months": [
          6,
          7,
          8
        ],
        "purpose": {
          "de": "Regelmäßige Beschneidung",
          "en": "Regular pruning"
        },
        "notes": {
          "de": "Im Sommer sollten regelmäßig Beschneidungen durchgeführt werden, um ein buschiges Wachstum zu fördern.",
          "en": "Regular pruning in the summer encourages a bushy growth."
        }
      }
    ],
    "cut_location_rules": {
      "de": [
        "an den Knoten"
      ],
      "en": [
        "at the nodes"
      ]
    },
    "intensity_rules": {
      "de": "Milde Beschneidungen",
      "en": "Mild pruning"
    },
    "tool_hygiene": {
      "de": "Regelmäßige Reinigung von Werkzeugen",
      "en": "Regular cleaning of tools"
    },
    "notes": {
      "de": "Baumspinat profitiert von regelmäßigen Beschneidungen, um ein gesundes Wachstum zu fördern.",
      "en": "Tree spinach benefits from regular pruning to encourage healthy growth."
    }
  },
  "ecology": {
    "pollinator_value": "windbestäubt",
    "wildlife_value": "keine spezifischen Bestäuber erforderlich",
    "biodiversity_notes": {
      "de": "keine spezifischen Bestäuber erforderlich",
      "en": "no specific pollinators required"
    }
  },
  "slug": "baumspinat",
  "sources": [
    {
      "title": "Wikidata entity",
      "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q486904",
      "publisher": "Wikidata",
      "date_accessed": "2026-05-12"
    },
    {
      "title": "GBIF species match",
      "url": "https://api.gbif.org/v1/species/match?name=Chenopodium%20giganteum&kingdom=Plantae",
      "publisher": "GBIF",
      "date_accessed": "2026-05-12"
    },
    {
      "title": "Deutschsprachige Wikipedia: Baumspinat",
      "url": "https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baumspinat",
      "publisher": "Wikipedia",
      "date_accessed": "2026-05-12"
    },
    {
      "title": "English Wikipedia: Chenopodium giganteum",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chenopodium_giganteum",
      "publisher": "Wikipedia",
      "date_accessed": "2026-05-12"
    },
    {
      "title": "Trefle: Chenopodium giganteum",
      "url": "https://trefle.io/species/chenopodium-giganteum",
      "publisher": "Trefle",
      "date_accessed": "2026-05-12"
    }
  ]
}