{
  "names": {
    "common": {
      "de": "Barbarakraut",
      "en": "Barbarea vulgaris"
    },
    "plural": {
      "de": "Barbarakraut",
      "en": "Barbarea vulgaris"
    },
    "botanical": "Barbarea vulgaris",
    "synonyms": {
      "de": [
        "Barbarea vulgaris",
        "Echtes Barbarakraut",
        "Gewöhnliches Barbarakraut",
        "Echtes Barbenkraut",
        "Barbarakraut",
        "Gemeines Barbarakraut",
        "Echte Winterkresse",
        "barbarée commune"
      ],
      "en": [
        "bittercress",
        "herb barbara",
        "rocketcress",
        "yellow rocketcress",
        "winter rocket",
        "yellow rocket",
        "wound rocket",
        "garden yellowrocket",
        "bitter wintercress"
      ]
    },
    "common_synonyms": {
      "de": [
        "Barbarea vulgaris",
        "Echtes Barbarakraut",
        "Gewöhnliches Barbarakraut",
        "Echtes Barbenkraut",
        "Barbarakraut",
        "Gemeines Barbarakraut",
        "Echte Winterkresse",
        "barbarée commune"
      ],
      "en": [
        "bittercress",
        "herb barbara",
        "rocketcress",
        "yellow rocketcress",
        "winter rocket",
        "yellow rocket",
        "wound rocket",
        "garden yellowrocket",
        "bitter wintercress"
      ]
    },
    "search_terms": {
      "de": [
        "Barbarakraut"
      ],
      "en": [
        "Barbarea vulgaris"
      ]
    }
  },
  "taxonomy": {
    "kingdom": "Plantae",
    "clades": [
      "Tracheophyta",
      "Magnoliopsida"
    ],
    "order": "Brassicales",
    "family_botanical": "Brassicaceae",
    "family": {
      "de": "Kreuzblütengewächse",
      "en": "Brassicaceae"
    },
    "family_id": "brassicaceae",
    "genus": "Barbarea",
    "species": "Barbarea vulgaris",
    "hybrid_status": "not_hybrid"
  },
  "classification": {
    "main_group": "leafy_vegetables",
    "sub_group": "brassicas",
    "crop_group": "leafy_vegetables",
    "life_cycle": "biennial",
    "perennial": false,
    "woody": false,
    "tree": false,
    "shrub": false,
    "edible_parts": {
      "de": [
        "Blätter",
        "Stängel",
        "Blüten"
      ],
      "en": [
        "leaves",
        "stems",
        "flowers"
      ]
    },
    "nutrient_group": "leafy_green"
  },
  "calendar": {
    "sowing_indoor": {
      "months": [
        2,
        3
      ],
      "earliest_month": 2,
      "latest_month": 3,
      "notes": {
        "de": "Für frühe Blatternte geschützt vorziehen.",
        "en": "Start under cover for early leaf harvest."
      }
    },
    "sowing_outdoor": {
      "months": [
        3,
        4,
        8,
        9
      ],
      "earliest_month": 3,
      "latest_month": 9,
      "notes": {
        "de": "Direktsaat im Frühjahr oder Spätsommer.",
        "en": "Direct sow in spring or late summer."
      }
    },
    "planting_out": {
      "months": [
        4,
        5,
        9,
        10
      ],
      "earliest_month": 4,
      "latest_month": 10,
      "notes": {
        "de": "Jungpflanzen in kühle, gleichmäßig feuchte Beete setzen.",
        "en": "Transplant into cool, evenly moist beds."
      }
    },
    "harvest": {
      "months": [
        10,
        11,
        12,
        1,
        2,
        3,
        4
      ],
      "earliest_month": 1,
      "latest_month": 12,
      "notes": {
        "de": "Junge Blätter im Herbst, Winter und Frühjahr schneiden.",
        "en": "Cut young leaves in autumn, winter, and spring."
      }
    }
  },
  "cultivation_specs": {
    "seed": {
      "direct_sowing_possible": true,
      "pre_culture_recommended": true
    },
    "spacing": {
      "plant_spacing_cm_min": 20,
      "plant_spacing_cm_max": 30,
      "row_spacing_cm_min": 30,
      "row_spacing_cm_max": 50,
      "spacing_notes": {
        "de": "Abstände je nach Sorte und Ernteziel anpassen.",
        "en": "Adjust spacing to cultivar and harvest goal."
      }
    },
    "growth_dimensions": {
      "height_cm_min": 20,
      "height_cm_max": 60,
      "width_cm_min": 20,
      "width_cm_max": 30
    }
  },
  "site": {
    "sun": {
      "de": "Sonne bis Halbschatten",
      "en": "sun to partial shade"
    },
    "shelter": {
      "de": "geschützt nach Bedarf",
      "en": "shelter as needed"
    },
    "notes": {
      "de": "Kühle, nicht austrocknende Standorte liefern zarte Blätter.",
      "en": "Cool sites that do not dry out produce tender leaves."
    }
  },
  "soil": {
    "texture": {
      "de": "humos, frisch, gut drainiert",
      "en": "humus-rich, fresh, well-drained"
    },
    "ph_range": {
      "min": 6.0,
      "max": 7.5
    },
    "notes": {
      "de": "Gleichmäßige Feuchte ist wichtiger als starke Düngung.",
      "en": "Even moisture is more important than heavy feeding."
    }
  },
  "watering": {
    "frequency": {
      "de": "gleichmäßig feucht halten",
      "en": "keep evenly moist"
    },
    "method": {
      "de": "am Wurzelbereich",
      "en": "at the root zone"
    },
    "notes": {
      "de": "Trockenstress macht die Blätter schneller scharf und zäh.",
      "en": "Drought stress makes leaves sharper and tougher."
    }
  },
  "nutrition": {
    "fertilizer_type": {
      "de": "Kompostgabe",
      "en": "compost"
    },
    "frequency": {
      "de": "nach Bedarf",
      "en": "as needed"
    },
    "notes": {
      "de": "Mäßige Nährstoffversorgung reicht meist aus.",
      "en": "Moderate fertility is usually sufficient."
    }
  },
  "cultivation_planning": {
    "succession_sowing": {
      "possible": true,
      "interval_days_min": 14,
      "interval_days_max": 28
    },
    "bed_planning_notes": {
      "de": "Als Lückenfüller und Winterkultur einplanen.",
      "en": "Use as a gap-filler and winter crop."
    },
    "rotation_priority": "medium",
    "interplanting_potential": "medium",
    "mechanization_relevance": "low"
  },
  "companion_planting": {
    "approach": "Avoid planting next to each other",
    "design_rules": {
      "de": [
        "Keep rows spaced 12-18 inches apart",
        "Hochbeete für bessere Drainage verwenden"
      ],
      "en": [
        "Keep rows spaced 12-18 inches apart",
        "Use raised beds for better drainage"
      ]
    },
    "notes": {
      "de": "Barbarakraut bevorzugt gut durchlässigen Boden und volle Sonne bis Halbschatten.",
      "en": "Barbarakraut prefers well-drained soil and full sun to partial shade."
    }
  },
  "deficiencies": [
    "Nitrogen",
    "Phosphorus",
    "Magnesium"
  ],
  "problems": [
    "Root rot",
    "Leaf yellowing",
    "Stunted growth"
  ],
  "problem_management": {
    "common_pest_groups": {
      "de": [
        "Aphids",
        "Slugs",
        "Caterpillars"
      ],
      "en": [
        "Aphids",
        "Slugs",
        "Caterpillars"
      ]
    },
    "common_disease_groups": {
      "de": [
        "Rust",
        "Downy Mildew",
        "Bacterial Blight"
      ],
      "en": [
        "Rust",
        "Downy Mildew",
        "Bacterial Blight"
      ]
    },
    "prevention_principles": {
      "de": [
        "Crop rotation",
        "Sanitation",
        "Resistant varieties"
      ],
      "en": [
        "Crop rotation",
        "Sanitation",
        "Resistant varieties"
      ]
    },
    "diagnosis_notes": {
      "de": "Pflanzen regelmäßig auf Anzeichen von Schädlingen und Krankheiten kontrollieren. Bei Bedarf mit organischen Pflanzenschutzmitteln und Fungiziden behandeln.",
      "en": "Regularly inspect plants for signs of pests and diseases. Treat with organic pesticides and fungicides if necessary."
    }
  },
  "disease_graph": {
    "scope": "Seasonal",
    "profiles": [
      {
        "slug": "rust",
        "severity": "Moderate",
        "conditions": {
          "de": [
            "Cool, moist weather"
          ],
          "en": [
            "Cool, moist weather"
          ]
        },
        "affected_parts": {
          "de": [
            "Leaves",
            "Stems"
          ],
          "en": [
            "Leaves",
            "Stems"
          ]
        },
        "prevention": {
          "de": [
            "Crop rotation",
            "Sanitation"
          ],
          "en": [
            "Crop rotation",
            "Sanitation"
          ]
        },
        "organic_control": {
          "de": [
            "Neem oil",
            "Copper fungicide"
          ],
          "en": [
            "Neem oil",
            "Copper fungicide"
          ]
        }
      },
      {
        "slug": "downy_mildew",
        "severity": "Severe",
        "conditions": {
          "de": [
            "Warm, humid conditions"
          ],
          "en": [
            "Warm, humid conditions"
          ]
        },
        "affected_parts": {
          "de": [
            "Leaves",
            "Flowers"
          ],
          "en": [
            "Leaves",
            "Flowers"
          ]
        },
        "prevention": {
          "de": [
            "Good air circulation",
            "Resistant varieties"
          ],
          "en": [
            "Good air circulation",
            "Resistant varieties"
          ]
        },
        "organic_control": {
          "de": [
            "Sulfur",
            "Copper fungicide"
          ],
          "en": [
            "Sulfur",
            "Copper fungicide"
          ]
        }
      },
      {
        "slug": "bacterial_blight",
        "severity": "Severe",
        "conditions": {
          "de": [
            "Warm, wet conditions"
          ],
          "en": [
            "Warm, wet conditions"
          ]
        },
        "affected_parts": {
          "de": [
            "Leaves",
            "Stems",
            "Flowers"
          ],
          "en": [
            "Leaves",
            "Stems",
            "Flowers"
          ]
        },
        "prevention": {
          "de": [
            "Crop rotation",
            "Sanitation"
          ],
          "en": [
            "Crop rotation",
            "Sanitation"
          ]
        },
        "organic_control": {
          "de": [
            "Copper fungicide",
            "Bactericide"
          ],
          "en": [
            "Copper fungicide",
            "Bactericide"
          ]
        }
      }
    ]
  },
  "harvest": {
    "timing": {
      "de": "laufend bei jungen Blättern",
      "en": "continuously while leaves are young"
    },
    "harvest_indicators": {
      "de": [
        "junge, saftige Blätter"
      ],
      "en": [
        "young, succulent leaves"
      ]
    },
    "method": {
      "de": "schonend und sauber ernten",
      "en": "harvest gently and cleanly"
    }
  },
  "storage": {
    "storage_life": {
      "de": "wenige Tage im Kühlschrank",
      "en": "a few days refrigerated"
    },
    "conditions": {
      "de": "kühl, sauber und je nach Kultur trocken oder leicht feucht",
      "en": "cool, clean, and dry or slightly humid depending on crop"
    },
    "processing_options": {
      "de": [
        "frisch verwenden",
        "kurz blanchieren"
      ],
      "en": [
        "use fresh",
        "briefly blanch"
      ]
    }
  },
  "kitchen_usage": {
    "primary_uses": {
      "de": [
        "Salat",
        "Kochgrün",
        "Pesto"
      ],
      "en": [
        "salads",
        "cooked greens",
        "pesto"
      ]
    },
    "flavor_profile": {
      "de": "kresseartig bis senfig",
      "en": "cress-like to mustardy"
    },
    "preparation_notes": {
      "de": "Vor der Verwendung gründlich waschen und nur einwandfreie Pflanzenteile nutzen.",
      "en": "Wash thoroughly before use and use only sound plant parts."
    }
  },
  "safety_and_edibility": {
    "edible_parts": {
      "de": [
        "junge Blätter",
        "Blütenknospen"
      ],
      "en": [
        "young leaves",
        "flower buds"
      ]
    },
    "inedible_or_caution_parts": {
      "de": [
        "sehr scharfe oder alte Blätter nur sparsam verwenden"
      ],
      "en": [
        "use very pungent or old leaves sparingly"
      ]
    },
    "toxicity_notes": {
      "de": "Bei Unsicherheit nicht verzehren; keine Heilversprechen ableiten.",
      "en": "Do not consume if identification is uncertain; do not infer medicinal claims."
    },
    "raw_consumption": {
      "de": "Jung roh möglich.",
      "en": "Young leaves can be eaten raw."
    }
  },
  "varieties": [
    "Barbarea vulgaris",
    "Barbarea stricta",
    "Barbarea intermedia",
    "Barbarea orthoceras",
    "Barbarea verna",
    "Barbarea plantaginea",
    "Barbarea sicula",
    "Barbarea vulgaris var. vulgaris",
    "Barbarea vulgaris var. sylvestris"
  ],
  "rootstocks": [
    "Barbarea vulgaris",
    "Barbarea stricta",
    "Barbarea intermedia",
    "Barbarea orthoceras",
    "Barbarea verna",
    "Barbarea plantaginea",
    "Barbarea sicula",
    "Barbarea vulgaris var. vulgaris",
    "Barbarea vulgaris var. sylvestris"
  ],
  "woody_crop_details": {
    "training_systems_to_research": [
      "pruning_training"
    ],
    "rootstock_relevance": "rootstocks",
    "renewal_pruning_relevance": "pruning_training",
    "notes": {
      "de": "Barbarakraut bevorzugt gut durchlässigen Boden und volle Sonne bis Halbschatten.",
      "en": "Barbarakraut prefers well-drained soil and full sun to partial shade."
    }
  },
  "pruning_logic": {
    "scope": "Seasonal",
    "system": "Training",
    "remove": {
      "de": [
        "dead_branches",
        "diseased_branches",
        "weak_branches"
      ],
      "en": [
        "dead_branches",
        "diseased_branches",
        "weak_branches"
      ]
    },
    "preserve": {
      "de": [
        "main_stem",
        "strong_branches"
      ],
      "en": [
        "main_stem",
        "strong_branches"
      ]
    },
    "avoid": {
      "de": [
        "overhead_pruning",
        "shearing"
      ],
      "en": [
        "overhead_pruning",
        "shearing"
      ]
    },
    "timing_rules": [
      {
        "season": "Spring",
        "months": [
          1,
          2,
          3,
          4,
          5,
          6
        ],
        "purpose": {
          "de": "Encourage new growth",
          "en": "Encourage new growth"
        },
        "notes": {
          "de": "Nach dem letzten Frost schneiden, um neues Wachstum anzuregen.",
          "en": "Prune after the last frost to encourage new growth."
        }
      },
      {
        "season": "Summer",
        "months": [
          7,
          8,
          9,
          10
        ],
        "purpose": {
          "de": "Maintain shape",
          "en": "Maintain shape"
        },
        "notes": {
          "de": "Zur Formerhaltung schneiden und abgestorbene oder kranke Zweige entfernen.",
          "en": "Prune to maintain shape and remove any dead or diseased branches."
        }
      },
      {
        "season": "Autumn",
        "months": [
          11,
          12
        ],
        "purpose": {
          "de": "Prepare for winter",
          "en": "Prepare for winter"
        },
        "notes": {
          "de": "Zur Vorbereitung auf den Winter schneiden und abgestorbene oder kranke Zweige entfernen.",
          "en": "Prune to prepare for winter and remove any dead or diseased branches."
        }
      }
    ],
    "cut_location_rules": {
      "de": [
        "cut_just_above_node",
        "cut_just_below_node"
      ],
      "en": [
        "cut_just_above_node",
        "cut_just_below_node"
      ]
    },
    "intensity_rules": {
      "light_pruning": [
        "remove_dead_branches",
        "trim_weak_branches"
      ],
      "heavy_pruning": [
        "remove_diseased_branches",
        "trim_strong_branches"
      ]
    },
    "decision_tree": [
      {
        "condition": "Tree height > 2 meters",
        "action": "Heavy pruning"
      },
      {
        "condition": "Tree height <= 2 meters",
        "action": "Light pruning"
      }
    ],
    "tool_hygiene": {
      "de": "Werkzeuge regelmäßig reinigen, um die Ausbreitung von Krankheiten zu verhindern.",
      "en": "Clean tools regularly to prevent the spread of disease."
    },
    "diagram_requirements": {
      "de": [
        "pruning_diagram",
        "training_diagram"
      ],
      "en": [
        "pruning_diagram",
        "training_diagram"
      ]
    },
    "notes": {
      "de": "Pflanzen regelmäßig auf Anzeichen von Schädlingen und Krankheiten kontrollieren. Bei Bedarf mit organischen Pflanzenschutzmitteln und Fungiziden behandeln.",
      "en": "Regularly inspect plants for signs of pests and diseases. Treat with organic pesticides and fungicides if necessary."
    }
  },
  "pruning_training": [
    "pruning_training"
  ],
  "ecology": {
    "pollinator_value": "Nicht bekannt",
    "wildlife_value": "Nicht bekannt",
    "biodiversity_notes": {
      "de": "Barbarakraut ist eine einjährige Pflanze, die in verschiedenen Lebensräumen wächst und eine wichtige Rolle in der Biodiversität spielt.",
      "en": "Yellow rocket is an annual plant that grows in various habitats and plays an important role in biodiversity."
    }
  },
  "slug": "barbarakraut",
  "sources": [
    {
      "title": "Wikidata entity",
      "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q157285",
      "publisher": "Wikidata",
      "date_accessed": "2026-05-12"
    },
    {
      "title": "GBIF species match",
      "url": "https://api.gbif.org/v1/species/match?name=Barbarea%20vulgaris&kingdom=Plantae",
      "publisher": "GBIF",
      "date_accessed": "2026-05-12"
    },
    {
      "title": "Deutschsprachige Wikipedia: Winterkresse",
      "url": "https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winterkresse",
      "publisher": "Wikipedia",
      "date_accessed": "2026-05-12"
    },
    {
      "title": "English Wikipedia: Barbarea vulgaris",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbarea_vulgaris",
      "publisher": "Wikipedia",
      "date_accessed": "2026-05-12"
    }
  ]
}