{
  "names": {
    "common": {
      "de": "Apfel",
      "en": "Apple"
    },
    "plural": {
      "de": "Äpfel",
      "en": "Apples"
    },
    "botanical": "Malus domestica",
    "botanical_author": "Mill.",
    "synonyms": {
      "de": [
        "Malus",
        "Apfelbaum",
        "Kernobst"
      ],
      "en": [
        "crabapple",
        "apple tree",
        "pome fruit"
      ]
    },
    "common_synonyms": {
      "de": [
        "Malus",
        "Apfelbaum",
        "Kernobst"
      ],
      "en": [
        "crabapple",
        "apple tree",
        "pome fruit"
      ]
    },
    "search_terms": {
      "de": [
        "Apfel",
        "Malus",
        "Kernobst"
      ],
      "en": [
        "Apple",
        "Malus",
        "Pome fruit"
      ]
    }
  },
  "taxonomy": {
    "kingdom": "Plantae",
    "clades": [
      "Tracheophytes",
      "Angiosperms",
      "Eudicots",
      "Rosids"
    ],
    "order": "Rosales",
    "family_botanical": "Rosaceae",
    "family": {
      "de": "Rosengewächse",
      "en": "Rose family"
    },
    "family_id": "rosaceae",
    "subfamily": "Maloideae",
    "genus": "Malus",
    "hybrid_status": "not_hybrid"
  },
  "classification": {
    "main_group": "Fruit",
    "sub_group": "Pome fruit",
    "crop_group": "Tree fruit",
    "life_cycle": "Perennial",
    "perennial": true,
    "woody": true,
    "tree": true,
    "shrub": false,
    "edible_parts": {
      "de": [
        "Frucht"
      ],
      "en": [
        "Fruit"
      ]
    },
    "nutrient_group": "Carbohydrate"
  },
  "calendar": {
    "sowing_indoor": {
      "notes": {
        "de": "Nicht für die Aussaat im Haus geeignet.",
        "en": "Not suitable for indoor sowing."
      }
    },
    "sowing_outdoor": {
      "notes": {
        "de": "Apfelkerne können direkt nach der Ernte oder im Frühjahr nach einer Stratifikation ausgesät werden. Die Keimung ist oft unregelmäßig und langwierig.",
        "en": "Apple seeds can be sown directly after harvest or in spring after stratification. Germination is often irregular and slow."
      }
    },
    "planting_out": {
      "months": [
        3,
        4,
        10,
        11
      ],
      "earliest_month": 3,
      "latest_month": 11,
      "notes": {
        "de": "Obstbäume werden am besten im Herbst oder zeitigen Frühjahr gepflanzt, wenn sie sich in der Ruhephase befinden.",
        "en": "Fruit trees are best planted in autumn or early spring when they are dormant."
      }
    },
    "harvest": {
      "months": [
        8,
        9,
        10,
        11
      ],
      "earliest_month": 8,
      "latest_month": 11,
      "notes": {
        "de": "Die Erntezeit variiert stark je nach Sorte. Frühsorten reifen im Spätsommer, Spätsorten im späten Herbst.",
        "en": "Harvest time varies greatly by variety. Early varieties ripen in late summer, late varieties in late autumn."
      }
    },
    "month_tasks": {
      "1": [
        {
          "de": "Schnittmaßnahmen an älteren Bäumen durchführen, wenn es frostfrei ist.",
          "en": "Perform pruning on older trees when frost-free."
        }
      ],
      "2": [
        {
          "de": "Obstbaumschnitt (Formschnitt, Auslichtungsschnitt) durchführen.",
          "en": "Perform fruit tree pruning (formative, thinning)."
        },
        {
          "de": "Kontrolle auf Schädlinge und Krankheiten.",
          "en": "Check for pests and diseases."
        }
      ],
      "3": [
        {
          "de": "Austriebsspritzung mit Rapsölpräparaten gegen Spinnmilben und Eigelege von Insekten.",
          "en": "Apply oil sprays against mites and insect eggs at bud break."
        },
        {
          "de": "Boden lockern und erste Düngergabe.",
          "en": "Loosen soil and apply first fertilizer."
        }
      ],
      "4": [
        {
          "de": "Blütenbeobachtung auf Schädlinge (z.B. Apfelblütenstecher).",
          "en": "Monitor blossoms for pests (e.g., apple blossom weevil)."
        },
        {
          "de": "Bei Bedarf gegen Schorf spritzen.",
          "en": "Spray against scab if necessary."
        }
      ],
      "5": [
        {
          "de": "Ausdünnen der Fruchtansätze zur Förderung größerer Früchte und Vorbeugung von Alternanz.",
          "en": "Thin fruitlets to promote larger fruits and prevent biennial bearing."
        },
        {
          "de": "Kontrolle auf Blattläuse und Apfelwickler.",
          "en": "Check for aphids and codling moth."
        }
      ],
      "6": [
        {
          "de": "Weiterhin Fruchtbehang ausdünnen.",
          "en": "Continue thinning fruit set."
        },
        {
          "de": "Bei Trockenheit wässern.",
          "en": "Water during dry periods."
        }
      ],
      "7": [
        {
          "de": "Sommerschnitt zur besseren Belichtung und Belüftung der Früchte.",
          "en": "Perform summer pruning for better light and air circulation to fruits."
        },
        {
          "de": "Erste Ernte von Frühsorten.",
          "en": "First harvest of early varieties."
        }
      ],
      "8": [
        {
          "de": "Ernte von Sommer- und Frühherbstsorten.",
          "en": "Harvest summer and early autumn varieties."
        },
        {
          "de": "Kontrolle auf Schädlinge und Krankheiten, ggf. Bekämpfung.",
          "en": "Check for pests and diseases, treat if necessary."
        }
      ],
      "9": [
        {
          "de": "Ernte der meisten Apfelsorten.",
          "en": "Harvest most apple varieties."
        },
        {
          "de": "Vorbereitung des Bodens für Herbstpflanzungen.",
          "en": "Prepare soil for autumn planting."
        }
      ],
      "10": [
        {
          "de": "Ernte von Spätsorten.",
          "en": "Harvest late varieties."
        },
        {
          "de": "Obstbäume pflanzen.",
          "en": "Plant fruit trees."
        },
        {
          "de": "Laub entfernen, um Pilzkrankheiten vorzubeugen.",
          "en": "Remove fallen leaves to prevent fungal diseases."
        }
      ],
      "11": [
        {
          "de": "Obstbäume pflanzen.",
          "en": "Plant fruit trees."
        },
        {
          "de": "Baumscheiben mulchen oder mit Kompost abdecken.",
          "en": "Mulch or cover tree bases with compost."
        }
      ],
      "12": [
        {
          "de": "Ruhephase: Keine spezifischen Arbeiten am Baum, außer bei Bedarf Frostschutz.",
          "en": "Dormant period: No specific tree work, except for frost protection if needed."
        }
      ]
    },
    "month_tasks_structured": {
      "1": [
        {
          "task": "pruning",
          "label": {
            "de": "Schnittmaßnahmen",
            "en": "Pruning"
          },
          "priority": "medium",
          "months": [
            1
          ],
          "condition": "frost-free",
          "estimated_effort": "medium",
          "notes": {
            "de": "Schnittmaßnahmen an älteren Bäumen durchführen.",
            "en": "Perform pruning on older trees."
          }
        }
      ],
      "2": [
        {
          "task": "Pruning",
          "label": {
            "de": "Obstbaumschnitt",
            "en": "Fruit tree pruning"
          },
          "priority": "high",
          "months": [
            2
          ],
          "estimated_effort": "high",
          "notes": {
            "de": "Formschnitt, Auslichtungsschnitt.",
            "en": "Formative, thinning."
          }
        },
        {
          "task": "Pest and disease control",
          "label": {
            "de": "Schädlings- und Krankheitskontrolle",
            "en": "Pest and disease control"
          },
          "priority": "medium",
          "months": [
            2
          ],
          "estimated_effort": "low",
          "notes": {
            "de": "Kontrolle auf Schädlinge und Krankheiten.",
            "en": "Check for pests and diseases."
          }
        }
      ],
      "3": [
        {
          "task": "Pest and disease control",
          "label": {
            "de": "Austriebsspritzung",
            "en": "Bud break spray"
          },
          "priority": "high",
          "months": [
            3
          ],
          "condition": "bud break",
          "estimated_effort": "medium",
          "notes": {
            "de": "Mit Rapsölpräparaten gegen Spinnmilben und Eigelege von Insekten.",
            "en": "With oil sprays against mites and insect eggs."
          }
        },
        {
          "task": "Fertilizing",
          "label": {
            "de": "Erste Düngergabe",
            "en": "First fertilization"
          },
          "priority": "medium",
          "months": [
            3
          ],
          "estimated_effort": "low",
          "notes": {
            "de": "Boden lockern und düngen.",
            "en": "Loosen soil and fertilize."
          }
        }
      ],
      "4": [
        {
          "task": "Pest and disease control",
          "label": {
            "de": "Blütenkontrolle",
            "en": "Blossom monitoring"
          },
          "priority": "medium",
          "months": [
            4
          ],
          "condition": "flowering",
          "estimated_effort": "low",
          "notes": {
            "de": "Auf Schädlinge wie Apfelblütenstecher achten.",
            "en": "Watch for pests like apple blossom weevil."
          }
        },
        {
          "task": "Pest and disease control",
          "label": {
            "de": "Schorfbekämpfung",
            "en": "Scab control"
          },
          "priority": "medium",
          "months": [
            4
          ],
          "condition": "if needed",
          "estimated_effort": "medium",
          "notes": {
            "de": "Bei Bedarf gegen Schorf spritzen.",
            "en": "Spray against scab if necessary."
          }
        }
      ],
      "5": [
        {
          "task": "Fruit thinning",
          "label": {
            "de": "Fruchtbehang ausdünnen",
            "en": "Thin fruit set"
          },
          "priority": "high",
          "months": [
            5
          ],
          "condition": "fruit set",
          "estimated_effort": "high",
          "notes": {
            "de": "Zur Förderung größerer Früchte und Vorbeugung von Alternanz.",
            "en": "To promote larger fruits and prevent biennial bearing."
          }
        },
        {
          "task": "Pest and disease control",
          "label": {
            "de": "Schädlingskontrolle",
            "en": "Pest control"
          },
          "priority": "medium",
          "months": [
            5
          ],
          "estimated_effort": "low",
          "notes": {
            "de": "Kontrolle auf Blattläuse und Apfelwickler.",
            "en": "Check for aphids and codling moth."
          }
        }
      ],
      "6": [
        {
          "task": "Fruit thinning",
          "label": {
            "de": "Fruchtbehang ausdünnen",
            "en": "Thin fruit set"
          },
          "priority": "medium",
          "months": [
            6
          ],
          "estimated_effort": "medium",
          "notes": {
            "de": "Weiterhin Fruchtbehang ausdünnen.",
            "en": "Continue thinning fruit set."
          }
        },
        {
          "task": "Watering",
          "label": {
            "de": "Bewässerung",
            "en": "Watering"
          },
          "priority": "medium",
          "months": [
            6
          ],
          "condition": "dry periods",
          "estimated_effort": "medium",
          "notes": {
            "de": "Bei Trockenheit wässern.",
            "en": "Water during dry periods."
          }
        }
      ],
      "7": [
        {
          "task": "Pruning",
          "label": {
            "de": "Sommerschnitt",
            "en": "Summer pruning"
          },
          "priority": "medium",
          "months": [
            7
          ],
          "estimated_effort": "medium",
          "notes": {
            "de": "Zur besseren Belichtung und Belüftung der Früchte.",
            "en": "For better light and air circulation to fruits."
          }
        },
        {
          "task": "Harvest",
          "label": {
            "de": "Ernte von Frühsorten",
            "en": "Harvest of early varieties"
          },
          "priority": "high",
          "months": [
            7
          ],
          "condition": "fruit ripe",
          "estimated_effort": "high",
          "notes": {
            "de": "Erste Ernte von Frühsorten.",
            "en": "First harvest of early varieties."
          }
        }
      ],
      "8": [
        {
          "task": "Harvest",
          "label": {
            "de": "Ernte von Sommer- und Frühherbstsorten",
            "en": "Harvest of summer and early autumn varieties"
          },
          "priority": "high",
          "months": [
            8
          ],
          "condition": "fruit ripe",
          "estimated_effort": "high",
          "notes": {
            "de": "Ernte von Sommer- und Frühherbstsorten.",
            "en": "Harvest summer and early autumn varieties."
          }
        },
        {
          "task": "Pest and disease control",
          "label": {
            "de": "Schädlings- und Krankheitskontrolle",
            "en": "Pest and disease control"
          },
          "priority": "medium",
          "months": [
            8
          ],
          "estimated_effort": "medium",
          "notes": {
            "de": "Kontrolle auf Schädlinge und Krankheiten, ggf. Bekämpfung.",
            "en": "Check for pests and diseases, treat if necessary."
          }
        }
      ],
      "9": [
        {
          "task": "Harvest",
          "label": {
            "de": "Ernte der meisten Apfelsorten",
            "en": "Harvest most apple varieties"
          },
          "priority": "high",
          "months": [
            9
          ],
          "condition": "fruit ripe",
          "estimated_effort": "high",
          "notes": {
            "de": "Ernte der meisten Apfelsorten.",
            "en": "Harvest most apple varieties."
          }
        },
        {
          "task": "Soil preparation",
          "label": {
            "de": "Boden vorbereiten",
            "en": "Prepare soil"
          },
          "priority": "medium",
          "months": [
            9
          ],
          "estimated_effort": "medium",
          "notes": {
            "de": "Vorbereitung des Bodens für Herbstpflanzungen.",
            "en": "Preparation of the soil for autumn planting."
          }
        }
      ],
      "10": [
        {
          "task": "Harvest",
          "label": {
            "de": "Ernte von Spätsorten",
            "en": "Harvest of late varieties"
          },
          "priority": "high",
          "months": [
            10
          ],
          "condition": "fruit ripe",
          "estimated_effort": "high",
          "notes": {
            "de": "Ernte von Spätsorten.",
            "en": "Harvest late varieties."
          }
        },
        {
          "task": "Planting",
          "label": {
            "de": "Obstbäume pflanzen",
            "en": "Plant fruit trees"
          },
          "priority": "high",
          "months": [
            10
          ],
          "estimated_effort": "high",
          "notes": {
            "de": "Obstbäume pflanzen.",
            "en": "Plant fruit trees."
          }
        },
        {
          "task": "Sanitation",
          "label": {
            "de": "Laub entfernen",
            "en": "Remove fallen leaves"
          },
          "priority": "medium",
          "months": [
            10
          ],
          "estimated_effort": "medium",
          "notes": {
            "de": "Laub entfernen, um Pilzkrankheiten vorzubeugen.",
            "en": "Remove fallen leaves to prevent fungal diseases."
          }
        }
      ],
      "11": [
        {
          "task": "Planting",
          "label": {
            "de": "Obstbäume pflanzen",
            "en": "Plant fruit trees"
          },
          "priority": "high",
          "months": [
            11
          ],
          "estimated_effort": "high",
          "notes": {
            "de": "Obstbäume pflanzen.",
            "en": "Plant fruit trees."
          }
        },
        {
          "task": "Mulching",
          "label": {
            "de": "Baumscheiben pflegen",
            "en": "Care for tree bases"
          },
          "priority": "medium",
          "months": [
            11
          ],
          "estimated_effort": "low",
          "notes": {
            "de": "Baumscheiben mulchen oder mit Kompost abdecken.",
            "en": "Mulch or cover tree bases with compost."
          }
        }
      ],
      "12": [
        {
          "task": "Frost protection",
          "label": {
            "de": "Frostschutz",
            "en": "Frost protection"
          },
          "priority": "low",
          "months": [
            12
          ],
          "condition": "frost",
          "estimated_effort": "low",
          "notes": {
            "de": "Bei Bedarf Frostschutz für junge Bäume.",
            "en": "Provide frost protection for young trees if needed."
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  "book_content": {
    "overview": {
      "de": "Der Apfel (Malus) ist eine Gattung von laubabwerfenden Bäumen und Sträuchern aus der Familie der Rosengewächse. Weltweit gibt es zahlreiche Arten und unzählige Kultursorten, die sich in Geschmack, Aussehen, Reifezeit und Verwendung stark unterscheiden. Äpfel sind eine der beliebtesten Obstsorten und werden frisch verzehrt, zu Säften, Mus, Kompott oder Backwaren verarbeitet. Sie sind reich an Vitaminen und Ballaststoffen.",
      "en": "The apple (Malus) is a genus of deciduous trees and shrubs in the rose family. Worldwide, there are numerous species and countless cultivars that vary greatly in taste, appearance, ripening time, and use. Apples are one of the most popular fruits and are consumed fresh, processed into juices, sauces, compotes, or baked goods. They are rich in vitamins and fiber."
    }
  },
  "structured_month_tasks": {
    "1": [
      {
        "task": "pruning",
        "label": {
          "de": "Schnittmaßnahmen",
          "en": "Pruning"
        },
        "priority": "medium",
        "months": [
          1
        ],
        "condition": "frost-free",
        "estimated_effort": "medium",
        "notes": {
          "de": "Schnittmaßnahmen an älteren Bäumen durchführen.",
          "en": "Perform pruning on older trees."
        }
      }
    ],
    "2": [
      {
        "task": "Pruning",
        "label": {
          "de": "Obstbaumschnitt",
          "en": "Fruit tree pruning"
        },
        "priority": "high",
        "months": [
          2
        ],
        "estimated_effort": "high",
        "notes": {
          "de": "Formschnitt, Auslichtungsschnitt.",
          "en": "Formative, thinning."
        }
      },
      {
        "task": "Pest and disease control",
        "label": {
          "de": "Schädlings- und Krankheitskontrolle",
          "en": "Pest and disease control"
        },
        "priority": "medium",
        "months": [
          2
        ],
        "estimated_effort": "low",
        "notes": {
          "de": "Kontrolle auf Schädlinge und Krankheiten.",
          "en": "Check for pests and diseases."
        }
      }
    ],
    "3": [
      {
        "task": "Pest and disease control",
        "label": {
          "de": "Austriebsspritzung",
          "en": "Bud break spray"
        },
        "priority": "high",
        "months": [
          3
        ],
        "condition": "bud break",
        "estimated_effort": "medium",
        "notes": {
          "de": "Mit Rapsölpräparaten gegen Spinnmilben und Eigelege von Insekten.",
          "en": "With oil sprays against mites and insect eggs."
        }
      },
      {
        "task": "Fertilizing",
        "label": {
          "de": "Erste Düngergabe",
          "en": "First fertilization"
        },
        "priority": "medium",
        "months": [
          3
        ],
        "estimated_effort": "low",
        "notes": {
          "de": "Boden lockern und düngen.",
          "en": "Loosen soil and fertilize."
        }
      }
    ],
    "4": [
      {
        "task": "Pest and disease control",
        "label": {
          "de": "Blütenkontrolle",
          "en": "Blossom monitoring"
        },
        "priority": "medium",
        "months": [
          4
        ],
        "condition": "flowering",
        "estimated_effort": "low",
        "notes": {
          "de": "Auf Schädlinge wie Apfelblütenstecher achten.",
          "en": "Watch for pests like apple blossom weevil."
        }
      },
      {
        "task": "Pest and disease control",
        "label": {
          "de": "Schorfbekämpfung",
          "en": "Scab control"
        },
        "priority": "medium",
        "months": [
          4
        ],
        "condition": "if needed",
        "estimated_effort": "medium",
        "notes": {
          "de": "Bei Bedarf gegen Schorf spritzen.",
          "en": "Spray against scab if necessary."
        }
      }
    ],
    "5": [
      {
        "task": "Fruit thinning",
        "label": {
          "de": "Fruchtbehang ausdünnen",
          "en": "Thin fruit set"
        },
        "priority": "high",
        "months": [
          5
        ],
        "condition": "fruit set",
        "estimated_effort": "high",
        "notes": {
          "de": "Zur Förderung größerer Früchte und Vorbeugung von Alternanz.",
          "en": "To promote larger fruits and prevent biennial bearing."
        }
      },
      {
        "task": "Pest and disease control",
        "label": {
          "de": "Schädlingskontrolle",
          "en": "Pest control"
        },
        "priority": "medium",
        "months": [
          5
        ],
        "estimated_effort": "low",
        "notes": {
          "de": "Kontrolle auf Blattläuse und Apfelwickler.",
          "en": "Check for aphids and codling moth."
        }
      }
    ],
    "6": [
      {
        "task": "Fruit thinning",
        "label": {
          "de": "Fruchtbehang ausdünnen",
          "en": "Thin fruit set"
        },
        "priority": "medium",
        "months": [
          6
        ],
        "estimated_effort": "medium",
        "notes": {
          "de": "Weiterhin Fruchtbehang ausdünnen.",
          "en": "Continue thinning fruit set."
        }
      },
      {
        "task": "Watering",
        "label": {
          "de": "Bewässerung",
          "en": "Watering"
        },
        "priority": "medium",
        "months": [
          6
        ],
        "condition": "dry periods",
        "estimated_effort": "medium",
        "notes": {
          "de": "Bei Trockenheit wässern.",
          "en": "Water during dry periods."
        }
      }
    ],
    "7": [
      {
        "task": "Pruning",
        "label": {
          "de": "Sommerschnitt",
          "en": "Summer pruning"
        },
        "priority": "medium",
        "months": [
          7
        ],
        "estimated_effort": "medium",
        "notes": {
          "de": "Zur besseren Belichtung und Belüftung der Früchte.",
          "en": "For better light and air circulation to fruits."
        }
      },
      {
        "task": "Harvest",
        "label": {
          "de": "Ernte von Frühsorten",
          "en": "Harvest of early varieties"
        },
        "priority": "high",
        "months": [
          7
        ],
        "condition": "fruit ripe",
        "estimated_effort": "high",
        "notes": {
          "de": "Erste Ernte von Frühsorten.",
          "en": "First harvest of early varieties."
        }
      }
    ],
    "8": [
      {
        "task": "Harvest",
        "label": {
          "de": "Ernte von Sommer- und Frühherbstsorten",
          "en": "Harvest of summer and early autumn varieties"
        },
        "priority": "high",
        "months": [
          8
        ],
        "condition": "fruit ripe",
        "estimated_effort": "high",
        "notes": {
          "de": "Ernte von Sommer- und Frühherbstsorten.",
          "en": "Harvest summer and early autumn varieties."
        }
      },
      {
        "task": "Pest and disease control",
        "label": {
          "de": "Schädlings- und Krankheitskontrolle",
          "en": "Pest and disease control"
        },
        "priority": "medium",
        "months": [
          8
        ],
        "estimated_effort": "medium",
        "notes": {
          "de": "Kontrolle auf Schädlinge und Krankheiten, ggf. Bekämpfung.",
          "en": "Check for pests and diseases, treat if necessary."
        }
      }
    ],
    "9": [
      {
        "task": "Harvest",
        "label": {
          "de": "Ernte der meisten Apfelsorten",
          "en": "Harvest most apple varieties"
        },
        "priority": "high",
        "months": [
          9
        ],
        "condition": "fruit ripe",
        "estimated_effort": "high",
        "notes": {
          "de": "Ernte der meisten Apfelsorten.",
          "en": "Harvest most apple varieties."
        }
      },
      {
        "task": "Soil preparation",
        "label": {
          "de": "Boden vorbereiten",
          "en": "Prepare soil"
        },
        "priority": "medium",
        "months": [
          9
        ],
        "estimated_effort": "medium",
        "notes": {
          "de": "Vorbereitung des Bodens für Herbstpflanzungen.",
          "en": "Preparation of the soil for autumn planting."
        }
      }
    ],
    "10": [
      {
        "task": "Harvest",
        "label": {
          "de": "Ernte von Spätsorten",
          "en": "Harvest of late varieties"
        },
        "priority": "high",
        "months": [
          10
        ],
        "condition": "fruit ripe",
        "estimated_effort": "high",
        "notes": {
          "de": "Ernte von Spätsorten.",
          "en": "Harvest late varieties."
        }
      },
      {
        "task": "Planting",
        "label": {
          "de": "Obstbäume pflanzen",
          "en": "Plant fruit trees"
        },
        "priority": "high",
        "months": [
          10
        ],
        "estimated_effort": "high",
        "notes": {
          "de": "Obstbäume pflanzen.",
          "en": "Plant fruit trees."
        }
      },
      {
        "task": "Sanitation",
        "label": {
          "de": "Laub entfernen",
          "en": "Remove fallen leaves"
        },
        "priority": "medium",
        "months": [
          10
        ],
        "estimated_effort": "medium",
        "notes": {
          "de": "Laub entfernen, um Pilzkrankheiten vorzubeugen.",
          "en": "Remove fallen leaves to prevent fungal diseases."
        }
      }
    ],
    "11": [
      {
        "task": "Planting",
        "label": {
          "de": "Obstbäume pflanzen",
          "en": "Plant fruit trees"
        },
        "priority": "high",
        "months": [
          11
        ],
        "estimated_effort": "high",
        "notes": {
          "de": "Obstbäume pflanzen.",
          "en": "Plant fruit trees."
        }
      },
      {
        "task": "Mulching",
        "label": {
          "de": "Baumscheiben pflegen",
          "en": "Care for tree bases"
        },
        "priority": "medium",
        "months": [
          11
        ],
        "estimated_effort": "low",
        "notes": {
          "de": "Baumscheiben mulchen oder mit Kompost abdecken.",
          "en": "Mulch or cover tree bases with compost."
        }
      }
    ],
    "12": [
      {
        "task": "Frost protection",
        "label": {
          "de": "Frostschutz",
          "en": "Frost protection"
        },
        "priority": "low",
        "months": [
          12
        ],
        "condition": "frost",
        "estimated_effort": "low",
        "notes": {
          "de": "Bei Bedarf Frostschutz für junge Bäume.",
          "en": "Provide frost protection for young trees if needed."
        }
      }
    ]
  },
  "cultivation_specs": {
    "seed": {
      "seed_depth_cm_min": 1,
      "seed_depth_cm_max": 2,
      "light_germinator": false,
      "dark_germinator": true,
      "cold_germinator": true,
      "stratification_needed": true,
      "pre_soaking_recommended": true,
      "germination_temp_c_min": 4,
      "germination_temp_c_max": 10,
      "germination_days_min": 30,
      "germination_days_max": 90,
      "seed_lifespan_years_min": 2,
      "seed_lifespan_years_max": 5,
      "direct_sowing_possible": true,
      "pre_culture_recommended": false
    },
    "spacing": {
      "plant_spacing_cm_min": 300,
      "plant_spacing_cm_max": 600,
      "row_spacing_cm_min": 400,
      "row_spacing_cm_max": 800,
      "recommended_density_per_sqm_min": 0.03,
      "recommended_density_per_sqm_max": 0.1,
      "spacing_notes": {
        "de": "Abstand variiert stark je nach Sorte und Erziehungsschnitt (z.B. Spalier, Buschbaum, Hochstamm).",
        "en": "Spacing varies greatly depending on variety and training system (e.g., espalier, bush tree, standard tree)."
      }
    },
    "growth_dimensions": {
      "height_cm_min": 400,
      "height_cm_max": 1500,
      "width_cm_min": 300,
      "width_cm_max": 600,
      "root_depth_cm_min": 100,
      "root_depth_cm_max": 200,
      "root_spread_cm_min": 200,
      "root_spread_cm_max": 500,
      "growth_speed": "medium",
      "final_size_notes": {
        "de": "Die Endgröße hängt stark von der Sorte, dem Unterlage und dem Schnitt ab.",
        "en": "Final size depends heavily on variety, rootstock, and pruning."
      }
    },
    "temperature": {
      "min_growing_temp_c": 5,
      "optimal_temp_c_min": 18,
      "optimal_temp_c_max": 25,
      "max_heat_tolerance_c": 35,
      "soil_temp_for_sowing_c_min": 7,
      "soil_temp_for_sowing_c_optimal": 20,
      "frost_sensitive": false,
      "late_frost_sensitive": true,
      "heat_tolerance": "medium",
      "cold_tolerance": "high",
      "temperature_notes": {
        "de": "Blüten sind empfindlich gegen späte Fröste.",
        "en": "Blossoms are sensitive to late frosts."
      }
    },
    "water": {
      "water_need": "medium",
      "critical_water_phases": {
        "de": [
          "Blüte",
          "Fruchtansatz",
          "Fruchtwachstum"
        ],
        "en": [
          "Flowering",
          "Fruit set",
          "Fruit development"
        ]
      },
      "drought_tolerant": false,
      "drought_sensitivity": "medium",
      "waterlogging_sensitive": true,
      "mulching_recommended": true,
      "water_notes": {
        "de": "Gleichmäßige Bodenfeuchte ist wichtig, Staunässe vermeiden.",
        "en": "Consistent soil moisture is important; avoid waterlogging."
      }
    },
    "nutrition": {
      "nutrient_group": "medium_feeder",
      "heavy_feeder": false,
      "medium_feeder": true,
      "light_feeder": false,
      "nitrogen_need": "medium",
      "phosphorus_need": "medium",
      "potassium_need": "medium",
      "calcium_need": "low",
      "magnesium_need": "low",
      "compost_recommended": true,
      "mulching_recommended": true,
      "fertilizer_sensitivity": "low",
      "nutrition_notes": {
        "de": "Regelmäßige Kompostgabe und ausgewogene Düngung fördern die Fruchtbildung.",
        "en": "Regular compost application and balanced fertilization promote fruit production."
      }
    },
    "container": {
      "container_suitable": false,
      "drainage_required": false,
      "repotting_needed": false,
      "container_notes": {
        "de": "Äpfel sind für die Kultur im Kübel in der Regel nicht geeignet, da sie große Bäume werden.",
        "en": "Apples are generally not suitable for container growing as they become large trees."
      }
    },
    "support": {
      "needs_support": false,
      "support_recommended": true,
      "climbing": false,
      "vining": false,
      "trellis_recommended": false,
      "training_required": true,
      "support_notes": {
        "de": "Stützstäbe sind für junge Bäume oder bei bestimmten Erziehungsformen (z.B. Spalier) notwendig. Regelmäßiger Schnitt ist essenziell.",
        "en": "Support stakes are necessary for young trees or specific training forms (e.g., espalier). Regular pruning is essential."
      }
    },
    "cultivation_modes": {
      "outdoor_bed_suitable": true,
      "raised_bed_suitable": true,
      "container_suitable": false,
      "balcony_suitable": false,
      "greenhouse_suitable": false,
      "polytunnel_suitable": false,
      "indoor_suitable": false,
      "windowsill_suitable": false,
      "hydroponic_possible": false,
      "permaculture_suitable": true,
      "no_dig_suitable": true
    },
    "yield_density": {
      "yield_per_plant_min": 10,
      "yield_per_plant_max": 200,
      "yield_unit": "kg",
      "yield_reliability": "medium",
      "yield_notes": {
        "de": "Erträge variieren stark je nach Sorte, Alter, Standort und Pflege. Alternanz (jährlich wechselnde Ertragsmenge) ist häufig.",
        "en": "Yields vary greatly depending on variety, age, location, and care. Biennial bearing (alternating years of high and low yield) is common."
      }
    }
  },
  "site": {
    "sun": "full_sun",
    "shade": "partial_shade",
    "wind": "sheltered",
    "soil_ph_min": 6,
    "soil_ph_max": 7,
    "soil_texture": [
      "loam",
      "sandy_loam",
      "clay_loam"
    ],
    "soil_notes": {
      "de": "Bevorzugt tiefgründige, nährstoffreiche und gut durchlässige Böden. Staunässe unbedingt vermeiden.",
      "en": "Prefers deep, nutrient-rich, and well-draining soils. Avoid waterlogging at all costs."
    }
  },
  "soil": {
    "type": [
      "loam",
      "sandy_loam",
      "clay_loam"
    ],
    "ph_min": 6,
    "ph_max": 7,
    "drainage": "good",
    "fertility": "high",
    "notes": {
      "de": "Tiefgründiger, humoser und lockerer Boden ist ideal. Staunässe unbedingt vermeiden.",
      "en": "Deep, humus-rich, and loose soil is ideal. Avoid waterlogging."
    }
  },
  "watering": {
    "water_need": "medium",
    "critical_water_phases": {
      "de": [
        "Blüte",
        "Fruchtansatz",
        "Fruchtwachstum"
      ],
      "en": [
        "Flowering",
        "Fruit set",
        "Fruit development"
      ]
    },
    "drought_tolerant": false,
    "drought_sensitivity": "medium",
    "waterlogging_sensitive": true,
    "mulching_recommended": true,
    "notes": {
      "de": "Gleichmäßige Bodenfeuchte ist wichtig, Staunässe vermeiden.",
      "en": "Consistent soil moisture is important; avoid waterlogging."
    }
  },
  "nutrition": {
    "nutrient_group": "medium_feeder",
    "heavy_feeder": false,
    "medium_feeder": true,
    "light_feeder": false,
    "nitrogen_need": "medium",
    "phosphorus_need": "medium",
    "potassium_need": "medium",
    "calcium_need": "low",
    "magnesium_need": "low",
    "compost_recommended": true,
    "mulching_recommended": true,
    "fertilizer_sensitivity": "low",
    "notes": {
      "de": "Regelmäßige Kompostgabe und ausgewogene Düngung fördern die Fruchtbildung.",
      "en": "Regular compost application and balanced fertilization promote fruit production."
    }
  },
  "cultivation_planning": {
    "succession_sowing": {
      "possible": false
    },
    "bed_planning_notes": {
      "de": "Apfelbäume benötigen viel Platz und sollten nicht zu eng gepflanzt werden. Berücksichtigen Sie die Endgröße der Sorte und die Erziehungsform.",
      "en": "Apple trees require ample space and should not be planted too closely. Consider the final size of the variety and the training method."
    },
    "rotation_priority": "low",
    "interplanting_potential": "medium",
    "mechanization_relevance": "low"
  },
  "crop_rotation": {
    "de": "Äpfel sind Starkzehrer und sollten nicht in der Fruchtfolge auf andere Rosengewächse (z.B. Birnen, Kirschen, Pflaumen) oder Starkzehrer wie Kartoffeln, Tomaten oder Kohl folgen. Eine Anbaupause von 4-5 Jahren ist empfehlenswert.",
    "en": "Apples are heavy feeders and should not follow other Rosaceae family members (e.g., pears, cherries, plums) or other heavy feeders like potatoes, tomatoes, or cabbage in crop rotation. A break of 4-5 years is recommended."
  },
  "companion_planting": {
    "approach": "beneficial",
    "good_neighbors": [
      {
        "slug": "erdbeere",
        "name": {
          "de": "Erdbeere",
          "en": "Strawberry"
        },
        "reason": {
          "de": "Erdbeeren können den Boden unter Apfelbäumen gut bedecken und Feuchtigkeit speichern.",
          "en": "Strawberries can effectively cover the soil under apple trees and help retain moisture."
        },
        "relationship_type": "companion"
      },
      {
        "slug": "bohnen",
        "name": {
          "de": "Bohnen",
          "en": "Beans"
        },
        "reason": {
          "de": "Bohnen können Stickstoff im Boden fixieren und so die Nährstoffversorgung des Apfelbaums verbessern.",
          "en": "Beans can fix nitrogen in the soil, potentially improving the apple tree's nutrient supply."
        },
        "relationship_type": "companion"
      },
      {
        "slug": "kohl",
        "name": {
          "de": "Kohl",
          "en": "Cabbage"
        },
        "reason": {
          "de": "Kohlarten können Schädlinge wie den Apfelwickler abwehren.",
          "en": "Cabbage varieties may help deter pests like the codling moth."
        },
        "relationship_type": "companion"
      },
      {
        "slug": "knoblauch",
        "name": {
          "de": "Knoblauch",
          "en": "Garlic"
        },
        "reason": {
          "de": "Knoblauch kann pilzliche Krankheiten und Schädlinge abwehren.",
          "en": "Garlic can deter fungal diseases and pests."
        },
        "relationship_type": "companion"
      },
      {
        "slug": "lavendel",
        "name": {
          "de": "Lavendel",
          "en": "Lavender"
        },
        "reason": {
          "de": "Lavendel zieht nützliche Insekten an und kann Schädlinge abwehren.",
          "en": "Lavender attracts beneficial insects and may repel pests."
        },
        "relationship_type": "companion"
      },
      {
        "slug": "ringelblume",
        "name": {
          "de": "Ringelblume",
          "en": "Marigold"
        },
        "reason": {
          "de": "Ringelblumen können Nematoden im Boden reduzieren und nützliche Insekten anlocken.",
          "en": "Marigolds can help reduce nematodes in the soil and attract beneficial insects."
        },
        "relationship_type": "companion"
      }
    ],
    "bad_neighbors": [
      {
        "slug": "birne",
        "name": {
          "de": "Birne",
          "en": "Pear"
        },
        "reason": {
          "de": "Teilen ähnliche Schädlinge und Krankheiten, was zu verstärkten Problemen führen kann.",
          "en": "Share similar pests and diseases, potentially leading to increased problems."
        },
        "relationship_type": "competitor"
      },
      {
        "slug": "kirsche",
        "name": {
          "de": "Kirsche",
          "en": "Cherry"
        },
        "reason": {
          "de": "Teilen ähnliche Schädlinge und Krankheiten, was zu verstärkten Problemen führen kann.",
          "en": "Share similar pests and diseases, potentially leading to increased problems."
        },
        "relationship_type": "competitor"
      },
      {
        "slug": "pflaume",
        "name": {
          "de": "Pflaume",
          "en": "Plum"
        },
        "reason": {
          "de": "Teilen ähnliche Schädlinge und Krankheiten, was zu verstärkten Problemen führen kann.",
          "en": "Share similar pests and diseases, potentially leading to increased problems."
        },
        "relationship_type": "competitor"
      },
      {
        "slug": "walnussbaum",
        "name": {
          "de": "Walnussbaum",
          "en": "Walnut tree"
        },
        "reason": {
          "de": "Walnussbäume sondern Juglon ab, eine Substanz, die das Wachstum vieler Pflanzen hemmt.",
          "en": "Walnut trees exude juglone, a substance that inhibits the growth of many plants."
        },
        "relationship_type": "allelopathic"
      }
    ],
    "design_rules": {
      "de": [
        "Pflanzen Sie Kräuter wie Lavendel, Thymian oder Rosmarin in der Nähe von Apfelbäumen, um nützliche Insekten anzulocken und Schädlinge abzuschrecken.",
        "Bodendecker wie Erdbeeren oder Klee können helfen, den Boden feucht zu halten und Unkraut zu unterdrücken.",
        "Vermeiden Sie die Nähe zu anderen Kernobstsorten oder stark konkurrierenden Pflanzen."
      ],
      "en": [
        "Plant herbs like lavender, thyme, or rosemary near apple trees to attract beneficial insects and deter pests.",
        "Ground cover plants like strawberries or clover can help keep the soil moist and suppress weeds.",
        "Avoid planting near other pome fruit varieties or highly competitive plants."
      ]
    },
    "notes": {
      "de": "Die Wahl der Begleitpflanzen kann helfen, die Gesundheit des Apfelbaums zu fördern und Schädlingsbefall zu reduzieren. Achten Sie auf ausreichenden Abstand, um Konkurrenz um Wasser und Nährstoffe zu vermeiden.",
      "en": "The choice of companion plants can help promote the health of the apple tree and reduce pest infestations. Ensure adequate spacing to avoid competition for water and nutrients."
    }
  },
  "deficiencies": {
    "calcium_deficiency": {
      "slug": "calcium_deficiency",
      "name": {
        "de": "Kalziummangel",
        "en": "Calcium deficiency"
      },
      "description": {
        "de": "Mangel an Kalzium, der zu physiologischen Störungen wie Bitterfäule führen kann.",
        "en": "Lack of calcium, which can lead to physiological disorders such as bitter pit."
      },
      "symptoms": {
        "de": "Bitterfäule in den Früchten, Wachstumsstörungen an jungen Blättern.",
        "en": "Bitter pit in fruit, growth disturbances on young leaves."
      },
      "treatment": {
        "de": "Kalziumdünger (z.B. Calciumnitrat) über Blattdüngung oder Bodenapplikation, Verbesserung der Bodenstruktur und Wasserhaltefähigkeit.",
        "en": "Calcium fertilizers (e.g., calcium nitrate) via foliar spray or soil application, improve soil structure and water retention."
      }
    },
    "magnesium_deficiency": {
      "slug": "magnesium_deficiency",
      "name": {
        "de": "Magnesiummangel",
        "en": "Magnesium deficiency"
      },
      "description": {
        "de": "Mangel an Magnesium, wichtig für die Chlorophyllbildung.",
        "en": "Lack of magnesium, essential for chlorophyll production."
      },
      "symptoms": {
        "de": "Gelbfärbung zwischen den Blattadern (interkostale Chlorose), beginnend an älteren Blättern.",
        "en": "Yellowing between leaf veins (intercostal chlorosis), starting on older leaves."
      },
      "treatment": {
        "de": "Magnesiumsulfat (Bittersalz) als Blattdüngung oder Bodengabe.",
        "en": "Magnesium sulfate (Epsom salt) as a foliar spray or soil application."
      }
    },
    "potassium_deficiency": {
      "slug": "potassium_deficiency",
      "name": {
        "de": "Kaliummangel",
        "en": "Potassium deficiency"
      },
      "description": {
        "de": "Mangel an Kalium, wichtig für Wasserhaushalt und Fruchtentwicklung.",
        "en": "Lack of potassium, important for water balance and fruit development."
      },
      "symptoms": {
        "de": "Randnekrosen an älteren Blättern, schlechte Fruchtqualität, geringere Frosthärte.",
        "en": "Marginal necrosis on older leaves, poor fruit quality, reduced frost hardiness."
      },
      "treatment": {
        "de": "Kaliumdünger (z.B. Kaliumsulfat), Kompost.",
        "en": "Potassium fertilizers (e.g., potassium sulfate), compost."
      }
    }
  },
  "problems": {
    "biennial_bearing": {
      "slug": "biennial_bearing",
      "name": {
        "de": "Alternanz / zweijährige Tragbarkeit",
        "en": "Biennial bearing"
      },
      "description": {
        "de": "Der Baum trägt im einen Jahr sehr stark und im nächsten Jahr kaum Früchte.",
        "en": "The tree bears heavily one year and very little the next."
      },
      "symptoms": {
        "de": "Starker Fruchtbehang in einem Jahr, gefolgt von einem Jahr mit sehr geringem oder keinem Fruchtbehang.",
        "en": "Heavy fruit set in one year, followed by a year with very little or no fruit set."
      },
      "management": {
        "de": "Fruchtbehang ausdünnen im Ertragsjahr, Förderung des Wachstums im ertragsarmen Jahr durch angepasste Düngung und Schnitt.",
        "en": "Thin fruit set in the heavy-bearing year, promote growth in the light-bearing year through adjusted fertilization and pruning."
      }
    },
    "frost_damage": {
      "slug": "frost_damage",
      "name": {
        "de": "Frostschäden",
        "en": "Frost damage"
      },
      "description": {
        "de": "Schäden durch Spätfröste an Blüten oder jungen Früchten.",
        "en": "Damage to blossoms or young fruit caused by late frosts."
      },
      "symptoms": {
        "de": "Absterben von Blüten, schwarze Früchtchen, reduzierte Ernte.",
        "en": "Death of blossoms, blackening of small fruits, reduced harvest."
      },
      "management": {
        "de": "Standortwahl (windgeschützt, keine Frostlöcher), späte Sortenwahl, ggf. Schutzmaßnahmen (z.B. Vlies).",
        "en": "Site selection (sheltered, avoid frost pockets), choose late-blooming varieties, consider protective measures (e.g., fleece)."
      }
    },
    "sunburn": {
      "slug": "sunburn",
      "name": {
        "de": "Sonnenbrand an Früchten",
        "en": "Sunburn on fruit"
      },
      "description": {
        "de": "Schäden an Früchten durch zu intensive Sonneneinstrahlung, besonders bei unbeschatteten Früchten.",
        "en": "Damage to fruit from excessive sun exposure, especially on unshaded fruit."
      },
      "symptoms": {
        "de": "Helle, verfärbte oder lederartige Stellen auf der Fruchtschale, die sich bei starker Sonneneinstrahlung entwickeln.",
        "en": "Pale, discolored, or leathery patches on the fruit skin that develop under intense sunlight."
      },
      "management": {
        "de": "Ausreichende Belaubung des Baumes erhalten, ggf. Schattierung durch Netze, Sortenwahl.",
        "en": "Maintain adequate foliage on the tree, consider shading with nets if necessary, choose suitable varieties."
      }
    }
  },
  "problem_management": {
    "common_pest_groups": {
      "de": [
        "Saugende Insekten (Blattläuse, Spinnmilben)",
        "Bohrende Insekten (Apfelwickler)",
        "Käfer (Apfelblütenstecher)"
      ],
      "en": [
        "Sucking insects (aphids, mites)",
        "Boring insects (codling moth)",
        "Beetles (apple blossom weevil)"
      ]
    },
    "common_disease_groups": {
      "de": [
        "Pilzkrankheiten (Schorf, Mehltau)",
        "Bakterielle Krankheiten (Feuerbrand)",
        "Physiologische Störungen (Bitterfäule)"
      ],
      "en": [
        "Fungal diseases (scab, mildew)",
        "Bacterial diseases (fire blight)",
        "Physiological disorders (bitter pit)"
      ]
    },
    "prevention_principles": {
      "de": [
        "Sortenwahl: Resistente oder tolerante Sorten bevorzugen.",
        "Standortwahl: Sonnig, luftig, aber vor starkem Wind geschützt.",
        "Bodenpflege: Gut durchlässiger, nährstoffreicher Boden, Vermeidung von Staunässe.",
        "Pflanzengesundheit: Ausgewogene Düngung, ausreichende Wasserversorgung, Förderung der Biodiversität.",
        "Hygiene: Entfernen von befallenen Pflanzenteilen, Werkzeugdesinfektion.",
        "Nützlingsförderung: Schaffung eines Lebensraums für natürliche Gegenspieler von Schädlingen.",
        "Fruchtfolge: Ausreichende Anbaupause nach anderen Rosengewächsen."
      ],
      "en": [
        "Variety selection: Prefer resistant or tolerant varieties.",
        "Site selection: Sunny, airy, but protected from strong winds.",
        "Soil care: Well-draining, nutrient-rich soil, avoid waterlogging.",
        "Plant health: Balanced fertilization, adequate water supply, promote biodiversity.",
        "Sanitation: Remove infected plant parts, disinfect tools.",
        "Encourage beneficials: Create habitat for natural pest predators.",
        "Crop rotation: Ensure adequate break after other Rosaceae family members."
      ]
    },
    "diagnosis_notes": {
      "de": "Eine genaue Diagnose erfordert oft die Beobachtung von Symptomen über einen längeren Zeitraum und die Berücksichtigung von Standort- und Witterungsbedingungen. Bei Unsicherheit ist die Konsultation eines Fachmanns oder die Einsendung von Proben ratsam.",
      "en": "Accurate diagnosis often requires observing symptoms over time and considering site and weather conditions. If in doubt, consult an expert or send in samples."
    }
  },
  "disease_graph": {
    "scope": "apple_tree",
    "profiles": [
      {
        "slug": "scab",
        "severity": "medium",
        "conditions": {
          "de": [
            "Hohe Luftfeuchtigkeit (über 90%)",
            "Blattfeuchte über mehrere Stunden",
            "Temperaturen zwischen 10-25°C"
          ],
          "en": [
            "High humidity (over 90%)",
            "Leaf wetness for several hours",
            "Temperatures between 10-25°C"
          ]
        },
        "affected_parts": {
          "de": [
            "Blätter",
            "Früchte",
            "Blüten",
            "Junge Triebe"
          ],
          "en": [
            "Leaves",
            "Fruit",
            "Blossoms",
            "Young shoots"
          ]
        },
        "prevention": {
          "de": [
            "Resistente Sorten wählen.",
            "Befallene Blätter im Herbst entfernen.",
            "Ausreichender Pflanzabstand für gute Belüftung.",
            "Fungizide Spritzungen im Frühjahr bei feuchtem Wetter (z.B. auf Schwefel- oder Kupferbasis)."
          ],
          "en": [
            "Choose resistant varieties.",
            "Remove infected leaves in autumn.",
            "Ensure adequate spacing for good air circulation.",
            "Apply fungicide sprays in spring during wet weather (e.g., sulfur or copper-based)."
          ]
        },
        "organic_control": {
          "de": [
            "Regelmäßige Entfernung von befallenen Blättern und Früchten.",
            "Spritzungen mit Pflanzenjauchen (z.B. Schachtelhalm).",
            "Anwendung von Schwefelpräparaten.",
            "Förderung von Nützlingen."
          ],
          "en": [
            "Regular removal of infected leaves and fruit.",
            "Sprays with plant extracts (e.g., horsetail).",
            "Application of sulfur preparations.",
            "Encourage beneficial insects."
          ]
        }
      },
      {
        "slug": "powdery_mildew",
        "severity": "low",
        "conditions": {
          "de": [
            "Trockene Witterung mit hoher Luftfeuchtigkeit in der Nacht",
            "Temperaturen zwischen 15-25°C",
            "Hoher Stickstoffgehalt im Boden"
          ],
          "en": [
            "Dry weather with high humidity at night",
            "Temperatures between 15-25°C",
            "High nitrogen levels in the soil"
          ]
        },
        "affected_parts": {
          "de": [
            "Junge Blätter",
            "Junge Triebe",
            "Früchte"
          ],
          "en": [
            "Young leaves",
            "Young shoots",
            "Fruit"
          ]
        },
        "prevention": {
          "de": [
            "Ausgewogene Düngung, Stickstoff nicht übermäßig zuführen.",
            "Gute Belüftung durch Schnittmaßnahmen.",
            "Resistente Sorten wählen.",
            "Entfernen befallener Pflanzenteile."
          ],
          "en": [
            "Balanced fertilization, avoid excessive nitrogen.",
            "Ensure good ventilation through pruning.",
            "Choose resistant varieties.",
            "Remove infected plant parts."
          ]
        },
        "organic_control": {
          "de": [
            "Spritzungen mit Milch (1:10 mit Wasser verdünnt).",
            "Anwendung von Schwefelpräparaten.",
            "Pflanzenjauchen (z.B. Brennnessel)."
          ],
          "en": [
            "Sprays with milk (diluted 1:10 with water).",
            "Application of sulfur preparations.",
            "Plant extracts (e.g., nettle)."
          ]
        }
      },
      {
        "slug": "fire_blight",
        "severity": "high",
        "conditions": {
          "de": [
            "Warme, feuchte Witterung",
            "Temperaturen über 18°C",
            "Hohe Luftfeuchtigkeit",
            "Vorhandensein von Schädlingen (z.B. Obstfliegen, Blattläuse) als Vektoren"
          ],
          "en": [
            "Warm, humid weather",
            "Temperatures above 18°C",
            "High humidity",
            "Presence of insects (e.g., fruit flies, aphids) as vectors"
          ]
        },
        "affected_parts": {
          "de": [
            "Blüten",
            "Junge Triebe",
            "Zweige",
            "Stamm"
          ],
          "en": [
            "Blossoms",
            "Young shoots",
            "Branches",
            "Trunk"
          ]
        },
        "prevention": {
          "de": [
            "Resistente Sorten wählen.",
            "Vermeidung von Verletzungen an Rinde und Trieben.",
            "Schädlingskontrolle (insbesondere Insekten, die Bakterien übertragen).",
            "Entfernung von infizierten Pflanzen in der Umgebung.",
            "Vermeidung von übermäßiger Stickstoffdüngung."
          ],
          "en": [
            "Choose resistant varieties.",
            "Avoid wounding bark and shoots.",
            "Pest control (especially insects that transmit bacteria).",
            "Remove infected plants in the vicinity.",
            "Avoid excessive nitrogen fertilization."
          ]
        },
        "organic_control": {
          "de": [
            "Sofortiges und großzügiges Ausschneiden befallener Teile (mind. 30 cm unterhalb der sichtbaren Infektion).",
            "Werkzeuge nach jedem Schnitt desinfizieren (z.B. mit Alkohol).",
            "Befallene Pflanzenteile nicht kompostieren, sondern verbrennen oder sicher entsorgen."
          ],
          "en": [
            "Immediate and generous pruning of infected parts (at least 30 cm below visible infection).",
            "Disinfect tools after each cut (e.g., with alcohol).",
            "Do not compost infected plant parts; burn or dispose of them safely."
          ]
        }
      }
    ],
    "diagnostic_rules": [
      {
        "symptom": {
          "de": "Braune, samtige Flecken auf Blättern und Früchten, die später verholzen und rissig werden.",
          "en": "Brown, velvety spots on leaves and fruit that later turn woody and crack."
        },
        "possible_causes": [
          "scab"
        ],
        "first_checks": {
          "de": [
            "Ist das Wetter feucht und kühl?",
            "Sind die Flecken auf beiden Blattseiten und auf den Früchten sichtbar?"
          ],
          "en": [
            "Is the weather wet and cool?",
            "Are the spots visible on both sides of the leaves and on the fruit?"
          ]
        }
      },
      {
        "symptom": {
          "de": "Weißer, mehlartiger Belag auf jungen Blättern und Trieben.",
          "en": "White, powdery coating on young leaves and shoots."
        },
        "possible_causes": [
          "powdery_mildew"
        ],
        "first_checks": {
          "de": [
            "Ist die Witterung trocken, aber die Nächte feucht?",
            "Sind die betroffenen Pflanzenteile jung und wachsend?"
          ],
          "en": [
            "Is the weather dry but nights are humid?",
            "Are the affected plant parts young and actively growing?"
          ]
        }
      },
      {
        "symptom": {
          "de": "Blüten und junge Triebe sehen verbrannt aus, sterben ab, klebriger Saftaustritt.",
          "en": "Blossoms and young shoots look scorched, die back, sticky ooze present."
        },
        "possible_causes": [
          "fire_blight"
        ],
        "first_checks": {
          "de": [
            "Ist es warm und feucht?",
            "Sind Insekten aktiv, die die Krankheit übertragen könnten?"
          ],
          "en": [
            "Is it warm and humid?",
            "Are insects active that could transmit the disease?"
          ]
        }
      },
      {
        "symptom": {
          "de": "Kleine, eingesunkene, bittere Flecken unter der Fruchtschale.",
          "en": "Small, sunken, bitter spots under the fruit skin."
        },
        "possible_causes": [
          "bitter_pit"
        ],
        "first_checks": {
          "de": [
            "Tritt das Problem hauptsächlich bei der Lagerung auf?",
            "Gab es im Sommer Trockenstress oder unausgewogene Düngung?"
          ],
          "en": [
            "Does the problem primarily occur during storage?",
            "Was there drought stress or unbalanced fertilization during the summer?"
          ]
        }
      }
    ],
    "prevention_strategy": {
      "cultural": {
        "de": [
          "Wählen Sie robuste, krankheitsresistente Sorten.",
          "Sorgen Sie für einen sonnigen, gut belüfteten Standort.",
          "Verbessern Sie die Bodengesundheit durch Kompost und Vermeidung von Staunässe.",
          "Halten Sie die Bäume vital durch ausgewogene Düngung und angepasste Bewässerung.",
          "Entfernen Sie regelmäßig befallene Pflanzenteile und Fruchtmumien.",
          "Fördern Sie Nützlinge durch Anpflanzung von Blühstreifen und Verzicht auf chemische Pestizide."
        ],
        "en": [
          "Choose robust, disease-resistant varieties.",
          "Ensure a sunny, well-ventilated location.",
          "Improve soil health with compost and avoid waterlogging.",
          "Keep trees vital through balanced fertilization and appropriate watering.",
          "Regularly remove infected plant parts and fruit mummies.",
          "Promote beneficial insects by planting flowering strips and avoiding chemical pesticides."
        ]
      },
      "monitoring": {
        "de": [
          "Kontrollieren Sie regelmäßig Blätter, Blüten und Früchte auf Anzeichen von Schädlingen und Krankheiten.",
          "Achten Sie besonders während feuchter Perioden im Frühjahr auf Schorf und Feuerbrand.",
          "Überwachen Sie die Flugaktivität von Schädlingen wie dem Apfelwickler mittels Pheromonfallen.",
          "Beachten Sie die Witterungsbedingungen, die die Krankheitsentwicklung begünstigen."
        ],
        "en": [
          "Regularly inspect leaves, blossoms, and fruit for signs of pests and diseases.",
          "Pay special attention to scab and fire blight during wet periods in spring.",
          "Monitor pest activity, such as codling moth, using pheromone traps.",
          "Consider weather conditions that favor disease development."
        ]
      },
      "organic_first_response": {
        "de": [
          "Bei ersten Anzeichen von Blattläusen: starker Wasserstrahl oder Abwischen.",
          "Bei Schorf: Entfernung befallener Blätter und ggf. Spritzung mit Schwefelpräparaten.",
          "Bei Mehltau: Spritzung mit verdünnter Milch oder Schwefel.",
          "Bei Feuerbrand: sofortiges Ausschneiden und Desinfizieren."
        ],
        "en": [
          "For initial signs of aphids: strong water spray or wiping off.",
          "For scab: remove infected leaves and possibly spray with sulfur preparations.",
          "For mildew: spray with diluted milk or sulfur.",
          "For fire blight: immediate pruning and disinfection."
        ]
      },
      "notes": {
        "de": "Prävention ist der Schlüssel zur Gesunderhaltung von Apfelbäumen. Eine Kombination aus resistenten Sorten, guter Standortwahl, ausgewogener Pflege und Förderung natürlicher Gegenspieler ist am effektivsten.",
        "en": "Prevention is key to maintaining healthy apple trees. A combination of resistant varieties, good site selection, balanced care, and encouraging natural predators is most effective."
      }
    }
  },
  "diagnosis": {
    "de": "Die Diagnose von Problemen bei Apfelbäumen erfordert sorgfältige Beobachtung der Symptome, Kenntnis der typischen Schädlinge und Krankheiten sowie Berücksichtigung von Standort- und Witterungsbedingungen. Oft sind mehrere Faktoren beteiligt. Eine genaue Bestimmung ist entscheidend für die Wahl der richtigen Bekämpfungsmaßnahme.",
    "en": "Diagnosing problems in apple trees requires careful observation of symptoms, knowledge of common pests and diseases, and consideration of site and weather conditions. Often, multiple factors are involved. Accurate identification is crucial for selecting the correct control measures."
  },
  "phenology": {
    "stages": {
      "de": [
        "Austrieb: März",
        "Blüte: April-Mai",
        "Fruchtreife: August-November (sortenabhängig)"
      ],
      "en": [
        "Bud break: March",
        "Flowering: April-May",
        "Fruit ripening: August-November (variety dependent)"
      ]
    },
    "notes": {
      "de": "Die Blütezeit ist ein wichtiger Indikator für die Ernte und kann durch Spätfröste beeinträchtigt werden. Die Fruchtreife variiert stark je nach Sorte.",
      "en": "The flowering period is an important indicator for the harvest and can be affected by late frosts. Fruit ripening varies greatly depending on the variety."
    }
  },
  "pollination": {
    "summary": {
      "de": "Äpfel sind überwiegend Fremdbefruchter und benötigen für eine gute Ernte eine oder mehrere passende Befruchtersorten in der Nähe. Einige Sorten sind jedoch selbstfruchtbar oder zumindest teilselbstfruchtbar.",
      "en": "Apples are predominantly cross-pollinated and require one or more suitable pollinator varieties nearby for a good harvest. However, some varieties are self-fertile or at least partially self-fertile."
    },
    "pollinator_required": true,
    "self_fertility": "partial",
    "pollinator_notes": {
      "de": "Die Wahl der Befruchtersorten sollte auf die Blütezeit abgestimmt sein. Bienen und andere Insekten sind wichtige Bestäuber. Eine gute Mischung verschiedener Sorten im Umfeld fördert die Bestäubung.",
      "en": "The choice of pollinator varieties should be coordinated with the flowering time. Bees and other insects are important pollinators. A good mix of different varieties in the vicinity promotes pollination."
    }
  },
  "harvest": {
    "de": [
      "Die Erntezeit für Äpfel beginnt je nach Sorte im Spätsommer und reicht bis in den späten Herbst.",
      "Frühsorten können ab August geerntet werden, während Spätsorten bis in den November hinein reifen.",
      "Die genaue Erntezeit hängt von der Sorte, dem Standort und dem Wetter ab."
    ],
    "en": [
      "The harvest season for apples begins in late summer, depending on the variety, and extends into late autumn.",
      "Early varieties can be harvested from August, while late varieties ripen into November.",
      "The exact harvest time depends on the variety, location, and weather."
    ]
  },
  "harvest_details": {
    "harvest_frequency": {
      "de": "Jährlich, wobei es sortenbedingt zu Alternanz (zweijährige Fruchtrispe) kommen kann.",
      "en": "Annually, although biennial bearing (alternating years of high and low yield) can occur depending on the variety."
    },
    "harvest_indicators": {
      "de": [
        "Färbung der Fruchtschale (sortenabhängig)",
        "Geschmack (süßer, typischer Apfelgeschmack)",
        "Leichtes Lösen der Frucht vom Zweig bei sanftem Drehen",
        "Festigkeit des Fruchtfleisches",
        "Entfernen des Kerngehäuses vor dem Verzehr ist nicht nötig, aber die Kerne sind nicht zum Verzehr bestimmt."
      ],
      "en": [
        "Coloration of the fruit skin (variety dependent)",
        "Taste (sweet, typical apple flavor)",
        "Fruit detaches easily from the branch with a gentle twist",
        "Firmness of the flesh",
        "Removing the core before consumption is not necessary, but the seeds are not intended for consumption."
      ]
    },
    "post_harvest_handling": {
      "de": "Äpfel sollten vorsichtig geerntet werden, um Druckstellen zu vermeiden. Sie können direkt verzehrt, gelagert oder weiterverarbeitet werden. Eine kühle, dunkle und feuchte Lagerung verlängert die Haltbarkeit.",
      "en": "Apples should be harvested carefully to avoid bruising. They can be consumed fresh, stored, or processed. Cool, dark, and humid storage extends shelf life."
    }
  },
  "storage": {
    "de": [
      "Äpfel sind gut lagerfähig, die Lagerfähigkeit variiert je nach Sorte.",
      "Kühle, dunkle und gut belüftete Lagerbedingungen sind ideal.",
      "Sorten wie 'Boskoop' oder 'Golden Delicious' sind gut lagerfähig, während Frühsorten schneller verbraucht werden sollten."
    ],
    "en": [
      "Apples store well, with storage life varying by variety.",
      "Cool, dark, and well-ventilated storage conditions are ideal.",
      "Varieties like 'Boskoop' or 'Golden Delicious' store well, while early varieties should be consumed sooner."
    ]
  },
  "storage_details": {
    "general_storage_category": {
      "de": "Kühl und dunkel",
      "en": "Cool and dark"
    },
    "storage_life": {
      "de": "Einige Wochen bis mehrere Monate, je nach Sorte und Lagerbedingungen.",
      "en": "Several weeks to several months, depending on variety and storage conditions."
    },
    "processing_options": {
      "de": [
        "Apfelmus",
        "Apfelkuchen",
        "Apfelsaft",
        "Apfelwein (Cider)",
        "Getrocknete Apfelringe",
        "Kompott",
        "Gelee"
      ],
      "en": [
        "Applesauce",
        "Apple pie",
        "Apple juice",
        "Cider",
        "Dried apple rings",
        "Compote",
        "Jelly"
      ]
    }
  },
  "kitchen_usage": {
    "de": "Äpfel sind äußerst vielseitig und können roh verzehrt, zu Desserts, Kuchen, Kompott, Mus, Säften und Getränken verarbeitet werden. Sie sind eine beliebte Zutat in herzhaften Gerichten.",
    "en": "Apples are extremely versatile and can be eaten raw, used in desserts, pies, compotes, sauces, juices, and beverages. They are a popular ingredient in savory dishes."
  },
  "safety_and_edibility": {
    "edible_parts": {
      "de": [
        "Fruchtfleisch",
        "Schale (bei unbehandelten Früchten)"
      ],
      "en": [
        "Flesh",
        "Peel (for untreated fruit)"
      ]
    },
    "inedible_or_caution_parts": {
      "de": [
        "Kerne (enthalten geringe Mengen Amygdalin, das zu Zyanid verstoffwechselt werden kann)"
      ],
      "en": [
        "Seeds (contain small amounts of amygdalin, which can be metabolized into cyanide)"
      ]
    },
    "toxicity_notes": {
      "de": "Die Kerne sollten nicht in größeren Mengen verzehrt werden. Bei normalem Verzehr der Frucht besteht keine Gefahr.",
      "en": "The seeds should not be consumed in large quantities. There is no danger from normal consumption of the fruit."
    },
    "raw_consumption": {
      "de": "Ja, Äpfel sind roh sehr gut genießbar und ein beliebter Snack.",
      "en": "Yes, apples are very enjoyable raw and are a popular snack."
    }
  },
  "animal_safety": {
    "schema_version": "1.0",
    "last_reviewed": "2026-05-29",
    "summary": {
      "de": "Die Datenlage ist je nach Tierart unterschiedlich; unbekannte Einträge sollten vor Fütterung oder freiem Zugang fachlich geprüft werden.",
      "en": "Evidence varies by animal; unknown entries should be reviewed before feeding or allowing access."
    },
    "overall": {
      "max_risk_level": 3,
      "highest_status": "only_specific_parts",
      "emergency_level": "emergency_vet_immediately",
      "has_part_specific_risk": true,
      "has_unknowns": false,
      "human_review_recommended": true,
      "safe_animals": [
        "horse"
      ],
      "restricted_animals": [
        "dog",
        "cat",
        "rabbit",
        "guinea_pig",
        "hamster",
        "budgie",
        "chicken",
        "duck",
        "goose",
        "sheep",
        "goat",
        "cattle",
        "pig"
      ]
    },
    "animals": [
      {
        "key": "dog",
        "label": {
          "de": "Hund",
          "en": "Dog"
        },
        "status": "only_specific_parts",
        "risk_level": 3,
        "risk_certainty": "high",
        "access_recommendation": "only_specific_parts",
        "feed_suitability": "only_specific_parts",
        "emergency_level": "contact_vet_if_symptoms",
        "safe_parts": {
          "de": [
            "Fruchtfleisch",
            "Schale (bei unbehandelten Früchten)"
          ],
          "en": [
            "Fruit flesh",
            "Peel (for untreated fruit)"
          ]
        },
        "toxic_parts": {
          "de": [
            "Kerne",
            "Stängel",
            "Blätter",
            "Welkes Material"
          ],
          "en": [
            "Seeds",
            "Stems",
            "Leaves",
            "Wilted material"
          ]
        },
        "toxic_compounds": {
          "de": [
            "Cyanogene Glykoside"
          ],
          "en": [
            "Cyanogenic glycosides"
          ]
        },
        "symptoms": {
          "de": [
            "Ziegelrote Schleimhäute",
            "Erweiterte Pupillen",
            "Atembeschwerden",
            "Hecheln",
            "Schock"
          ],
          "en": [
            "Brick red mucous membranes",
            "Dilated pupils",
            "Difficulty breathing",
            "Panting",
            "Shock"
          ]
        },
        "risk_factors": {
          "de": [
            "Verzehr von Kernen, Stängeln oder Blättern, insbesondere in großen Mengen oder wenn das Material welk ist."
          ],
          "en": [
            "Ingestion of seeds, stems, or leaves, especially in large quantities or if the material is wilted."
          ]
        },
        "note": {
          "de": "Apfelfleisch und -schale (ungespritzt) sind für Hunde in Maßen als Leckerbissen sicher. Kerne, Stängel und Blätter enthalten jedoch Cyanogene Glykoside, die giftig sind und zu Zyanid verstoffwechselt werden können. Der Verzehr dieser Teile, insbesondere in größeren Mengen oder wenn sie welk sind, kann zu ernsthaften Vergiftungserscheinungen führen. Entfernen Sie immer die Kerne, bevor Sie Apfelstücke an Ihren Hund…",
          "en": "Apple flesh and peel (untreated) are safe for dogs in moderation as a treat. However, seeds, stems, and leaves contain cyanogenic glycosides, which are toxic and can be metabolized into cyanide. Ingestion of these parts, especially in large quantities or if wilted, can lead to serious poisoning symptoms. Always remove seeds before feeding apple pieces to your dog."
        },
        "evidence": {
          "level": "high",
          "source_basis": "species_specific",
          "species_specific": true,
          "direct_veterinary_source": true,
          "source_count": 1
        }
      },
      {
        "key": "cat",
        "label": {
          "de": "Katze",
          "en": "Cat"
        },
        "status": "only_specific_parts",
        "risk_level": 3,
        "risk_certainty": "high",
        "access_recommendation": "only_specific_parts",
        "feed_suitability": "only_specific_parts",
        "emergency_level": "contact_vet_if_symptoms",
        "safe_parts": {
          "de": [
            "Fruchtfleisch (ohne Kerne)",
            "Schale (bei unbehandelten Früchten)"
          ],
          "en": [
            "Fruit flesh (without seeds)",
            "Peel (for untreated fruit)"
          ]
        },
        "toxic_parts": {
          "de": [
            "Kerne",
            "Stängel",
            "Blätter",
            "Wilde oder verwelkte Pflanzenteile"
          ],
          "en": [
            "Seeds",
            "Stems",
            "Leaves",
            "Wilted or decaying plant parts"
          ]
        },
        "toxic_compounds": {
          "de": [
            "Cyanogene Glykoside"
          ],
          "en": [
            "Cyanogenic glycosides"
          ]
        },
        "symptoms": {
          "de": [
            "Ziegelrote Schleimhäute",
            "Erweiterte Pupillen",
            "Atembeschwerden",
            "Hecheln",
            "Schock"
          ],
          "en": [
            "Brick red mucous membranes",
            "Dilated pupils",
            "Difficulty breathing",
            "Panting",
            "Shock"
          ]
        },
        "risk_factors": {
          "de": [
            "Verzehr von Kernen, Stängeln oder Blättern",
            "Verzehr von verwelkten Pflanzenteilen",
            "Große Mengen"
          ],
          "en": [
            "Ingestion of seeds, stems, or leaves",
            "Ingestion of wilted plant parts",
            "Large quantities"
          ]
        },
        "note": {
          "de": "Das Fruchtfleisch des Apfels gilt in kleinen Mengen als unbedenklich für Katzen. Kerne, Stängel und Blätter enthalten jedoch cyanogene Glykoside und sind giftig. Verwelkte Pflanzenteile sind besonders gefährlich und können schwere Symptome verursachen.",
          "en": "Apple fruit flesh is considered safe for cats in small quantities. However, seeds, stems, and leaves contain cyanogenic glycosides and are toxic. Wilted plant parts are particularly dangerous and can cause severe symptoms."
        },
        "evidence": {
          "level": "high",
          "source_basis": "species_specific",
          "species_specific": true,
          "direct_veterinary_source": true,
          "source_count": 1
        }
      },
      {
        "key": "rabbit",
        "label": {
          "de": "Kaninchen",
          "en": "Rabbit"
        },
        "status": "only_specific_parts",
        "risk_certainty": "low",
        "access_recommendation": "only_specific_parts",
        "feed_suitability": "only_specific_parts",
        "emergency_level": "contact_vet_if_ingested",
        "safe_parts": {
          "de": [
            "Fruchtfleisch (ohne Kerne)",
            "Schale (in kleinen Mengen, unbehandelt)"
          ],
          "en": [
            "Fruit flesh (without seeds)",
            "Peel (in small amounts, untreated)"
          ]
        },
        "toxic_parts": {
          "de": [
            "Blätter",
            "Stängel",
            "Kerne",
            "Verwelktes Material"
          ],
          "en": [
            "Leaves",
            "Stems",
            "Seeds",
            "Wilted material"
          ]
        },
        "toxic_compounds": {
          "de": [
            "Cyanogene Glykoside (Blausäure freisetzend)"
          ],
          "en": [
            "Cyanogenic glycosides (releasing cyanide)"
          ]
        },
        "symptoms": {
          "de": [
            "Ziegelrote Schleimhäute",
            "Erweiterte Pupillen",
            "Atembeschwerden",
            "Hecheln",
            "Schock"
          ],
          "en": [
            "Brick red mucous membranes",
            "Dilated pupils",
            "Difficulty breathing",
            "Panting",
            "Shock"
          ]
        },
        "risk_factors": {
          "de": [
            "Verzehr großer Mengen toxischer Pflanzenteile (Blätter, Stängel, Kerne)",
            "Verzehr von verwelktem Material"
          ],
          "en": [
            "Ingestion of large quantities of toxic plant parts (leaves, stems, seeds)",
            "Consumption of wilted material"
          ]
        },
        "note": {
          "de": "Apfelfruchtfleisch kann in kleinen Mengen als Leckerbissen angeboten werden. Blätter, Stängel und Kerne enthalten jedoch cyanogene Glykoside, die für Kaninchen giftig sind. Besonders verwelktes Material ist gefährlich.",
          "en": "Apple fruit flesh can be offered in small amounts as a treat. However, leaves, stems, and seeds contain cyanogenic glycosides, which are toxic to rabbits. Wilted material is particularly dangerous."
        },
        "evidence": {
          "level": "low",
          "source_basis": "toxin_based_inference",
          "species_specific": false,
          "direct_veterinary_source": true,
          "source_count": 1
        }
      },
      {
        "key": "guinea_pig",
        "label": {
          "de": "Meerschweinchen",
          "en": "Guinea pig"
        },
        "status": "only_specific_parts",
        "risk_certainty": "low",
        "access_recommendation": "only_specific_parts",
        "feed_suitability": "only_specific_parts",
        "emergency_level": "emergency_vet_immediately",
        "safe_parts": {
          "de": [
            "Fruchtfleisch (ohne Kerne)",
            "Schale (von unbehandelten Früchten, in Maßen)"
          ],
          "en": [
            "Fruit flesh (without seeds)",
            "Peel (from untreated fruit, in moderation)"
          ]
        },
        "toxic_parts": {
          "de": [
            "Kerne",
            "Blätter",
            "Stängel",
            "Äste",
            "Wurzeln",
            "Welke Pflanzenteile"
          ],
          "en": [
            "Seeds",
            "Leaves",
            "Stems",
            "Branches",
            "Roots",
            "Wilted plant parts"
          ]
        },
        "toxic_compounds": {
          "de": [
            "Cyanogene Glykoside (z.B. Amygdalin)"
          ],
          "en": [
            "Cyanogenic glycosides (e.g., Amygdalin)"
          ]
        },
        "symptoms": {
          "de": [
            "Atembeschwerden",
            "Hecheln",
            "Schock",
            "Erweiterte Pupillen",
            "Ziegelrote Schleimhäute"
          ],
          "en": [
            "Difficulty breathing",
            "Panting",
            "Shock",
            "Dilated pupils",
            "Brick red mucous membranes"
          ]
        },
        "risk_factors": {
          "de": [
            "Verzehr großer Mengen von Kernen, Blättern oder Stängeln",
            "Verzehr von welken Pflanzenteilen"
          ],
          "en": [
            "Consumption of large quantities of seeds, leaves, or stems",
            "Consumption of wilted plant parts"
          ]
        },
        "note": {
          "de": "Apfelfleisch ohne Kerne kann in sehr kleinen Mengen als gelegentlicher Leckerbissen angeboten werden. Kerne, Blätter und Stängel enthalten Cyanogene Glykoside und sind giftig. Welke Pflanzenteile sind besonders gefährlich.",
          "en": "Apple flesh without seeds can be offered in very small quantities as an occasional treat. Seeds, leaves, and stems contain cyanogenic glycosides and are toxic. Wilted plant parts are particularly dangerous."
        },
        "evidence": {
          "level": "low",
          "source_basis": "toxin_based_inference",
          "species_specific": false,
          "direct_veterinary_source": true,
          "source_count": 1
        }
      },
      {
        "key": "hamster",
        "label": {
          "de": "Hamster",
          "en": "Hamster"
        },
        "status": "only_specific_parts",
        "risk_certainty": "low",
        "access_recommendation": "only_specific_parts",
        "feed_suitability": "only_specific_parts",
        "emergency_level": "contact_vet_if_symptoms",
        "safe_parts": {
          "de": [
            "Fruchtfleisch (ohne Kerne)"
          ],
          "en": [
            "Fruit flesh (without seeds)"
          ]
        },
        "toxic_parts": {
          "de": [
            "Kerne",
            "Stängel",
            "Blätter"
          ],
          "en": [
            "Seeds",
            "Stems",
            "Leaves"
          ]
        },
        "toxic_compounds": {
          "de": [
            "Cyanogene Glykoside (z.B. Amygdalin)"
          ],
          "en": [
            "Cyanogenic glycosides (e.g., Amygdalin)"
          ]
        },
        "symptoms": {
          "de": [
            "Ziegelrote Schleimhäute",
            "Erweiterte Pupillen",
            "Atembeschwerden",
            "Hecheln",
            "Schock"
          ],
          "en": [
            "Brick red mucous membranes",
            "Dilated pupils",
            "Difficulty breathing",
            "Panting",
            "Shock"
          ]
        },
        "risk_factors": {
          "de": [
            "Verzehr von Kernen, Stängeln oder Blättern",
            "Verzehr von welken Blättern (höherer Toxin-Gehalt)",
            "Übermäßiger Verzehr des Fruchtfleisches (Zuckergehalt)"
          ],
          "en": [
            "Consumption of seeds, stems, or leaves",
            "Consumption of wilted leaves (higher toxin content)",
            "Overconsumption of fruit flesh (sugar content)"
          ]
        },
        "note": {
          "de": "Apfelfleisch ohne Kerne kann in sehr kleinen Mengen als gelegentlicher Leckerbissen angeboten werden. Kerne, Stängel und Blätter enthalten Cyanogene Glykoside und sind giftig.",
          "en": "Apple flesh without seeds can be offered in very small quantities as an occasional treat. Seeds, stems, and leaves contain cyanogenic glycosides and are toxic."
        },
        "evidence": {
          "level": "low",
          "source_basis": "toxin_based_inference",
          "species_specific": false,
          "direct_veterinary_source": true,
          "source_count": 1
        }
      },
      {
        "key": "budgie",
        "label": {
          "de": "Wellensittich",
          "en": "Budgie"
        },
        "status": "only_specific_parts",
        "risk_certainty": "low",
        "access_recommendation": "only_specific_parts",
        "feed_suitability": "only_specific_parts",
        "emergency_level": "contact_vet_if_ingested",
        "safe_parts": {
          "de": [
            "Fruchtfleisch",
            "Schale (unbehandelt)"
          ],
          "en": [
            "Fruit flesh",
            "Peel (untreated)"
          ]
        },
        "toxic_parts": {
          "de": [
            "Kerne",
            "Blätter",
            "Stängel"
          ],
          "en": [
            "Seeds",
            "Leaves",
            "Stems"
          ]
        },
        "toxic_compounds": {
          "de": [
            "Cyanogene Glykoside"
          ],
          "en": [
            "Cyanogenic glycosides"
          ]
        },
        "symptoms": {
          "de": [
            "Atembeschwerden",
            "Lethargie",
            "erweiterte Pupillen",
            "Schock (bei hoher Dosis)"
          ],
          "en": [
            "Difficulty breathing",
            "Lethargy",
            "Dilated pupils",
            "Shock (at high doses)"
          ]
        },
        "risk_factors": {
          "de": [
            "Verzehr von Kernen, Blättern oder Stängeln",
            "Übermäßiger Verzehr des Fruchtfleisches (Zuckergehalt)"
          ],
          "en": [
            "Ingestion of seeds, leaves, or stems",
            "Excessive consumption of fruit flesh (sugar content)"
          ]
        },
        "note": {
          "de": "Apfelfleisch und Schale (unbehandelt) können in kleinen Mengen als gelegentlicher Leckerbissen angeboten werden. Alle Kerne, Blätter und Stängel müssen vollständig entfernt werden, da sie cyanogene Glykoside enthalten, die für Vögel giftig sind.",
          "en": "Apple flesh and peel (untreated) can be offered in small quantities as an occasional treat. All seeds, leaves, and stems must be completely removed as they contain cyanogenic glycosides, which are toxic to birds."
        },
        "evidence": {
          "level": "low",
          "source_basis": "toxin_based_inference",
          "species_specific": false,
          "direct_veterinary_source": true,
          "source_count": 1
        }
      },
      {
        "key": "horse",
        "label": {
          "de": "Pferd",
          "en": "Horse"
        },
        "status": "safe_in_moderation",
        "risk_level": 2,
        "risk_certainty": "high",
        "access_recommendation": "safe_in_moderation",
        "feed_suitability": "treat_only",
        "emergency_level": "contact_vet_if_symptoms",
        "safe_parts": {
          "de": [
            "Fruchtfleisch ohne Kerne"
          ],
          "en": [
            "Fruit flesh without seeds"
          ]
        },
        "toxic_parts": {
          "de": [
            "Kerne"
          ],
          "en": [
            "Seeds"
          ]
        },
        "toxic_compounds": {
          "de": [
            "Cyanogene Glykoside in den Kernen"
          ],
          "en": [
            "Cyanogenic glycosides in seeds"
          ]
        },
        "symptoms": {
          "de": [
            "Ziegelrote Schleimhaeute",
            "Erweiterte Pupillen",
            "Atembeschwerden",
            "Hecheln",
            "Schock"
          ],
          "en": [
            "Brick red mucous membranes",
            "Dilated pupils",
            "Difficulty breathing",
            "Panting",
            "Shock"
          ]
        },
        "risk_factors": {
          "de": [
            "Ganze oder grosse Apfelstuecke koennen eine Erstickungsgefahr darstellen.",
            "Uebermaessige Mengen liefern viel Zucker und koennen die Verdauung belasten.",
            "Kerne sollten entfernt werden, weil sie cyanogene Glykoside enthalten."
          ],
          "en": [
            "Whole or large apple pieces can be a choking hazard.",
            "Excessive amounts add substantial sugar and may cause digestive upset.",
            "Seeds should be removed because they contain cyanogenic glycosides."
          ]
        },
        "note": {
          "de": "Apfelfruchtfleisch ohne Kerne kann Pferden gelegentlich als Leckerli gegeben werden. Die Warnung betrifft vor allem Kerne, ganze oder zu grosse Stuecke und uebermaessige Mengen, nicht das Fruchtfleisch selbst.",
          "en": "Apple flesh without seeds can be offered to horses occasionally as a treat. The warning is focused on seeds, whole or oversized pieces, and excessive consumption, not the fruit flesh itself."
        },
        "evidence": {
          "level": "high",
          "source_basis": "species_specific",
          "species_specific": true,
          "direct_veterinary_source": true,
          "source_count": 1
        }
      },
      {
        "key": "chicken",
        "label": {
          "de": "Huhn",
          "en": "Chicken"
        },
        "status": "only_specific_parts",
        "risk_certainty": "low",
        "access_recommendation": "only_specific_parts",
        "feed_suitability": "only_specific_parts",
        "emergency_level": "contact_vet_if_symptoms",
        "safe_parts": {
          "de": [
            "Fruchtfleisch (ohne Kerne)",
            "Schale (bei unbehandelten Früchten)"
          ],
          "en": [
            "Fruit flesh (without seeds)",
            "Peel (for untreated fruit)"
          ]
        },
        "toxic_parts": {
          "de": [
            "Kerne",
            "Stängel",
            "Blätter",
            "Wurzeln",
            "insbesondere verwelkte Pflanzenteile"
          ],
          "en": [
            "Seeds",
            "Stems",
            "Leaves",
            "Roots",
            "especially wilted plant parts"
          ]
        },
        "toxic_compounds": {
          "de": [
            "Cyanogene Glykoside (z.B. Amygdalin)"
          ],
          "en": [
            "Cyanogenic glycosides (e.g., Amygdalin)"
          ]
        },
        "symptoms": {
          "de": [
            "Ziegelrote Schleimhäute",
            "Erweiterte Pupillen",
            "Atembeschwerden",
            "Hecheln",
            "Schock"
          ],
          "en": [
            "Brick red mucous membranes",
            "Dilated pupils",
            "Difficulty breathing",
            "Panting",
            "Shock"
          ]
        },
        "risk_factors": {
          "de": [
            "Verzehr großer Mengen von Kernen, Stängeln oder Blättern",
            "Verzehr von verwelkten Pflanzenteilen"
          ],
          "en": [
            "Consumption of large quantities of seeds, stems, or leaves",
            "Consumption of wilted plant parts"
          ]
        },
        "note": {
          "de": "Apfelfleisch und -schale (unbehandelt) können in kleinen Mengen als Leckerbissen angeboten werden. Kerne, Stängel und Blätter enthalten jedoch cyanogene Glykoside, die bei Verzehr in größeren Mengen giftig sein können. Verwelkte Pflanzenteile sind besonders gefährlich.",
          "en": "Apple flesh and peel (untreated) can be offered in small quantities as a treat. However, seeds, stems, and leaves contain cyanogenic glycosides, which can be toxic if consumed in larger quantities. Wilted plant parts are particularly dangerous."
        },
        "evidence": {
          "level": "low",
          "source_basis": "toxin_based_inference",
          "species_specific": false,
          "direct_veterinary_source": true,
          "source_count": 1
        }
      },
      {
        "key": "duck",
        "label": {
          "de": "Ente",
          "en": "Duck"
        },
        "status": "only_specific_parts",
        "risk_certainty": "low",
        "access_recommendation": "only_specific_parts",
        "feed_suitability": "only_specific_parts",
        "emergency_level": "contact_vet_if_symptoms",
        "safe_parts": {
          "de": [
            "Fruchtfleisch (ohne Kerne)",
            "Schale (ungespritzt)"
          ],
          "en": [
            "Fruit flesh (without seeds)",
            "Peel (untreated)"
          ]
        },
        "toxic_parts": {
          "de": [
            "Kerne",
            "Blätter",
            "Stängel",
            "Blüten",
            "Wurzeln"
          ],
          "en": [
            "Seeds",
            "Leaves",
            "Stems",
            "Flowers",
            "Roots"
          ]
        },
        "toxic_compounds": {
          "de": [
            "Cyanogene Glykoside (z.B. Amygdalin)"
          ],
          "en": [
            "Cyanogenic glycosides (e.g., amygdalin)"
          ]
        },
        "symptoms": {
          "de": [
            "Atembeschwerden",
            "erweiterte Pupillen",
            "Schock",
            "Zyanidvergiftungssymptome"
          ],
          "en": [
            "Difficulty breathing",
            "dilated pupils",
            "shock",
            "cyanide poisoning symptoms"
          ]
        },
        "risk_factors": {
          "de": [
            "Verzehr von Kernen, Blättern oder Stängeln, insbesondere welkem Material",
            "Große Mengen"
          ],
          "en": [
            "Ingestion of seeds, leaves, or stems, especially wilted material",
            "Large quantities"
          ]
        },
        "note": {
          "de": "Apfelfleisch (ohne Kerne) kann Enten in kleinen Mengen als gelegentlicher Leckerbissen angeboten werden. Kerne, Blätter und Stängel enthalten jedoch cyanogene Glykoside, die giftig sind und zu Zyanidvergiftungen führen können. Welke Pflanzenteile sind besonders gefährlich.",
          "en": "Apple flesh (without seeds) can be offered to ducks in small quantities as an occasional treat. However, seeds, leaves, and stems contain cyanogenic glycosides, which are toxic and can lead to cyanide poisoning. Wilted plant parts are particularly dangerous."
        },
        "evidence": {
          "level": "low",
          "source_basis": "toxin_based_inference",
          "species_specific": false,
          "direct_veterinary_source": true,
          "source_count": 1
        }
      },
      {
        "key": "goose",
        "label": {
          "de": "Gans",
          "en": "Goose"
        },
        "status": "only_specific_parts",
        "risk_certainty": "low",
        "access_recommendation": "only_specific_parts",
        "feed_suitability": "only_specific_parts",
        "emergency_level": "contact_vet_if_symptoms",
        "safe_parts": {
          "de": [
            "Fruchtfleisch (ohne Kerne)",
            "Schale (bei unbehandelten Früchten)"
          ],
          "en": [
            "Fruit flesh (without seeds)",
            "Peel (for untreated fruit)"
          ]
        },
        "toxic_parts": {
          "de": [
            "Kerne",
            "Blätter",
            "Stängel",
            "Rinde",
            "Wurzeln",
            "verwelktes Pflanzenmaterial"
          ],
          "en": [
            "Seeds",
            "Leaves",
            "Stems",
            "Bark",
            "Roots",
            "Wilted plant material"
          ]
        },
        "toxic_compounds": {
          "de": [
            "Cyanogene Glykoside"
          ],
          "en": [
            "Cyanogenic glycosides"
          ]
        },
        "symptoms": {
          "de": [
            "Ziegelrote Schleimhäute",
            "erweiterte Pupillen",
            "Atembeschwerden",
            "Hecheln",
            "Schock"
          ],
          "en": [
            "Brick red mucous membranes",
            "dilated pupils",
            "difficulty breathing",
            "panting",
            "shock"
          ]
        },
        "risk_factors": {
          "de": [
            "Verzehr von Kernen, Blättern, Stängeln oder welkem Material",
            "Verzehr großer Mengen"
          ],
          "en": [
            "Consumption of seeds, leaves, stems, or wilted material",
            "Consumption of large quantities"
          ]
        },
        "note": {
          "de": "Das Fruchtfleisch des Apfels (ohne Kerne) kann in sehr kleinen Mengen als gelegentlicher Leckerbissen angeboten werden. Kerne, Blätter, Stängel und welkes Pflanzenmaterial enthalten cyanogene Glykoside, die für Gänse giftig sein können. Aufgrund des natürlichen Fressverhaltens von Gänsen, die auch Blätter und heruntergefallene Früchte mit Kernen fressen könnten, wird die Pflanze insgesamt als nicht empfohlen…",
          "en": "Apple fruit flesh (without seeds) can be offered in very small quantities as an occasional treat. Seeds, leaves, stems, and wilted plant material contain cyanogenic glycosides, which can be toxic to geese. Due to the natural foraging behavior of geese, who might consume leaves and fallen fruit with seeds, the plant is generally classified as not recommended."
        },
        "evidence": {
          "level": "low",
          "source_basis": "toxin_based_inference",
          "species_specific": false,
          "direct_veterinary_source": true,
          "source_count": 1
        }
      },
      {
        "key": "sheep",
        "label": {
          "de": "Schaf",
          "en": "Sheep"
        },
        "status": "only_specific_parts",
        "risk_certainty": "low",
        "access_recommendation": "only_specific_parts",
        "feed_suitability": "only_specific_parts",
        "emergency_level": "emergency_vet_immediately",
        "safe_parts": {
          "de": [
            "Fruchtfleisch (ohne Kerne)",
            "Schale (bei unbehandelten Früchten)"
          ],
          "en": [
            "Fruit flesh (without seeds)",
            "Peel (for untreated fruit)"
          ]
        },
        "toxic_parts": {
          "de": [
            "Kerne",
            "Blätter",
            "Stängel",
            "Welkes Pflanzenmaterial"
          ],
          "en": [
            "Seeds",
            "Leaves",
            "Stems",
            "Wilted plant material"
          ]
        },
        "toxic_compounds": {
          "de": [
            "Cyanogene Glykoside",
            "Zyanid"
          ],
          "en": [
            "Cyanogenic glycosides",
            "Cyanide"
          ]
        },
        "symptoms": {
          "de": [
            "Ziegelrote Schleimhäute",
            "Erweiterte Pupillen",
            "Atembeschwerden",
            "Hecheln",
            "Schock"
          ],
          "en": [
            "Brick red mucous membranes",
            "Dilated pupils",
            "Difficulty breathing",
            "Panting",
            "Shock"
          ]
        },
        "risk_factors": {
          "de": [
            "Verzehr großer Mengen von Kernen",
            "Verzehr von welken Blättern oder Stängeln",
            "Zugang zu Fallobst mit Kernen"
          ],
          "en": [
            "Consumption of large quantities of seeds",
            "Consumption of wilted leaves or stems",
            "Access to fallen fruit with seeds"
          ]
        },
        "note": {
          "de": "Apfelfleisch und -schale (unbehandelt) können Schafen in Maßen als Leckerbissen angeboten werden. Kerne, Blätter, Stängel und insbesondere welkes Pflanzenmaterial enthalten jedoch cyanogene Glykoside, die zu Zyanid verstoffwechselt werden und hochgiftig sind. Schafe sollten keinen Zugang zu diesen Pflanzenteilen haben.",
          "en": "Apple flesh and peel (untreated) can be offered to sheep in moderation as a treat. However, seeds, leaves, stems, and especially wilted plant material contain cyanogenic glycosides, which can be metabolized into cyanide and are highly toxic. Sheep should not have access to these plant parts."
        },
        "evidence": {
          "level": "low",
          "source_basis": "toxin_based_inference",
          "species_specific": false,
          "direct_veterinary_source": true,
          "source_count": 1
        }
      },
      {
        "key": "goat",
        "label": {
          "de": "Ziege",
          "en": "Goat"
        },
        "status": "only_specific_parts",
        "risk_certainty": "low",
        "access_recommendation": "only_specific_parts",
        "feed_suitability": "only_specific_parts",
        "emergency_level": "contact_vet_if_symptoms",
        "safe_parts": {
          "de": [
            "Fruchtfleisch (ohne Kerne)",
            "Schale (ungespritzt)"
          ],
          "en": [
            "Fruit flesh (without seeds)",
            "Peel (untreated)"
          ]
        },
        "toxic_parts": {
          "de": [
            "Blätter",
            "Stängel",
            "Samen",
            "verwelkte Pflanzenteile"
          ],
          "en": [
            "Leaves",
            "Stems",
            "Seeds",
            "Wilted plant material"
          ]
        },
        "toxic_compounds": {
          "de": [
            "Cyanogene Glykoside (z.B. Amygdalin)"
          ],
          "en": [
            "Cyanogenic glycosides (e.g., Amygdalin)"
          ]
        },
        "symptoms": {
          "de": [
            "Zyanidvergiftung: Ziegelrote Schleimhäute",
            "erweiterte Pupillen",
            "Atembeschwerden",
            "Hecheln",
            "Schock"
          ],
          "en": [
            "Cyanide poisoning: Brick red mucous membranes",
            "dilated pupils",
            "difficulty breathing",
            "panting",
            "shock"
          ]
        },
        "risk_factors": {
          "de": [
            "Verzehr großer Mengen von Blättern, Stängeln oder Samen",
            "Verzehr von welkem Pflanzenmaterial (erhöhte Toxizität)"
          ],
          "en": [
            "Consumption of large quantities of leaves, stems, or seeds",
            "Consumption of wilted plant material (increased toxicity)"
          ]
        },
        "note": {
          "de": "Apfelfrüchte können Ziegen in Maßen als Leckerbissen angeboten werden, sofern Kerne entfernt und die Menge begrenzt wird. Blätter, Stängel und Samen enthalten jedoch cyanogene Glykoside und sind giftig, insbesondere wenn sie welk sind. Ziegen sind Wiederkäuer und können empfindlicher auf Zyanid reagieren.",
          "en": "Apple fruits can be offered to goats in moderation as a treat, provided seeds are removed and quantity is limited. However, leaves, stems, and seeds contain cyanogenic glycosides and are toxic, especially when wilted. Goats are ruminants and may be more sensitive to cyanide."
        },
        "evidence": {
          "level": "low",
          "source_basis": "toxin_based_inference",
          "species_specific": false,
          "direct_veterinary_source": true,
          "source_count": 1
        }
      },
      {
        "key": "cattle",
        "label": {
          "de": "Rind",
          "en": "Cattle"
        },
        "status": "only_specific_parts",
        "risk_certainty": "low",
        "access_recommendation": "only_specific_parts",
        "feed_suitability": "only_specific_parts",
        "emergency_level": "emergency_vet_immediately",
        "safe_parts": {
          "de": [
            "Fruchtfleisch (ohne Kerne)",
            "Schale (bei unbehandelten Früchten)"
          ],
          "en": [
            "Fruit flesh (without seeds)",
            "Peel (for untreated fruit)"
          ]
        },
        "toxic_parts": {
          "de": [
            "Blätter",
            "Stängel",
            "Samen/Kerne",
            "insbesondere verwelkte Blätter und Äste"
          ],
          "en": [
            "Leaves",
            "Stems",
            "Seeds",
            "especially wilted leaves and branches"
          ]
        },
        "toxic_compounds": {
          "de": [
            "Cyanogene Glykoside"
          ],
          "en": [
            "Cyanogenic glycosides"
          ]
        },
        "symptoms": {
          "de": [
            "Ziegelrote Schleimhäute",
            "Erweiterte Pupillen",
            "Atembeschwerden",
            "Hecheln",
            "Schock"
          ],
          "en": [
            "Brick red mucous membranes",
            "Dilated pupils",
            "Difficulty breathing",
            "Panting",
            "Shock"
          ]
        },
        "risk_factors": {
          "de": [
            "Zugang zu heruntergefallenen Ästen oder Schnittgut",
            "Verzehr ganzer Früchte (mit Kernen)",
            "Verzehr von verwelkten Blättern, die einen höheren Toxinspiegel aufweisen können"
          ],
          "en": [
            "Access to fallen branches or pruned material",
            "Ingestion of whole fruits (with seeds)",
            "Consumption of wilted leaves, which may have higher toxin levels"
          ]
        },
        "note": {
          "de": "Apfelblätter, Stängel und Samen enthalten cyanogene Glykoside, die bei der Verdauung Blausäure freisetzen können. Verwelkte Blätter sind besonders gefährlich. Während das Fruchtfleisch in Maßen als Leckerbissen unbedenklich sein kann, ist der Verzehr der toxischen Pflanzenteile für Rinder nicht empfohlen und kann zu schwerwiegenden Vergiftungen führen.",
          "en": "Apple leaves, stems, and seeds contain cyanogenic glycosides, which can release hydrogen cyanide upon digestion. Wilted leaves are particularly dangerous. While the fruit flesh may be safe in moderation as a treat, consumption of the toxic plant parts is not recommended for cattle and can lead to severe poisoning."
        },
        "evidence": {
          "level": "low",
          "source_basis": "toxin_based_inference",
          "species_specific": false,
          "direct_veterinary_source": true,
          "source_count": 1
        }
      },
      {
        "key": "pig",
        "label": {
          "de": "Schwein",
          "en": "Pig"
        },
        "status": "only_specific_parts",
        "risk_certainty": "low",
        "access_recommendation": "only_specific_parts",
        "feed_suitability": "only_specific_parts",
        "emergency_level": "contact_vet_if_symptoms",
        "safe_parts": {
          "de": [
            "Fruchtfleisch",
            "Schale (ungespritzt)"
          ],
          "en": [
            "Fruit flesh",
            "Peel (untreated)"
          ]
        },
        "toxic_parts": {
          "de": [
            "Kerne",
            "Blätter",
            "Stängel",
            "Wurzeln",
            "verwelkte Pflanzenteile"
          ],
          "en": [
            "Seeds",
            "Leaves",
            "Stems",
            "Roots",
            "Wilted plant material"
          ]
        },
        "toxic_compounds": {
          "de": [
            "Cyanogene Glykoside (z.B. Amygdalin)"
          ],
          "en": [
            "Cyanogenic glycosides (e.g., amygdalin)"
          ]
        },
        "symptoms": {
          "de": [
            "Atembeschwerden",
            "erweiterte Pupillen",
            "Schock",
            "ziegelrote Schleimhäute",
            "Hecheln"
          ],
          "en": [
            "Difficulty breathing",
            "dilated pupils",
            "shock",
            "brick red mucous membranes",
            "panting"
          ]
        },
        "risk_factors": {
          "de": [
            "Zugang zur ganzen Pflanze (insbesondere Blätter, Stängel, Kerne)",
            "Verzehr großer Mengen von Kernen oder welken Pflanzenteilen",
            "Übermäßiger Verzehr der Frucht (Zuckergehalt)"
          ],
          "en": [
            "Access to the whole plant (especially leaves, stems, seeds)",
            "Consumption of large quantities of seeds or wilted plant material",
            "Overconsumption of fruit (sugar content)"
          ]
        },
        "note": {
          "de": "Apfelfleisch und -schale (ungespritzt) können Schweinen in Maßen als Leckerbissen angeboten werden. Kerne, Blätter und Stängel enthalten jedoch cyanogene Glykoside und sollten nicht verfüttert werden. Verwelkte Pflanzenteile sind besonders gefährlich.",
          "en": "Apple flesh and peel (untreated) can be offered to pigs in moderation as a treat. However, seeds, leaves, and stems contain cyanogenic glycosides and should not be fed. Wilted plant material is particularly dangerous."
        },
        "evidence": {
          "level": "low",
          "source_basis": "toxin_based_inference",
          "species_specific": false,
          "direct_veterinary_source": true,
          "source_count": 1
        }
      }
    ]
  },
  "seed_saving": {
    "de": [
      "Die Samen von Äpfeln können gewonnen und zur Vermehrung genutzt werden, jedoch sind die Nachkommen oft nicht sortenecht.",
      "Für sortenechte Nachkommen ist eine Veredelung (z.B. durch Okulation oder Kopulation) notwendig."
    ],
    "en": [
      "Apple seeds can be collected and used for propagation, but the resulting offspring are often not true to type.",
      "Grafting (e.g., budding or whip-and-tongue grafting) is necessary for true-to-type offspring."
    ]
  },
  "seed_saving_advanced": {
    "de": "Apfelkerne benötigen eine Kältebehandlung (Stratifikation) über mehrere Monate, um keimfähig zu werden. Die Keimung ist oft unregelmäßig. Für die Züchtung neuer Sorten werden die Samen von ausgewählten Kreuzungen verwendet.",
    "en": "Apple seeds require a period of cold stratification for several months to become viable. Germination is often irregular. For breeding new varieties, seeds from selected crosses are used."
  },
  "woody_crop_details": {
    "training_systems_to_research": [
      "Espalier",
      "Cordon",
      "Bush tree",
      "Half-standard",
      "Full-standard"
    ],
    "rootstock_relevance": "High",
    "renewal_pruning_relevance": "High",
    "notes": {
      "de": "Die Wahl der Unterlage beeinflusst Wuchs, Größe und Fruchtbildung des Apfelbaums maßgeblich. Verschiedene Erziehungsformen sind möglich und erfordern angepasste Schnitt- und Pflegemaßnahmen.",
      "en": "The choice of rootstock significantly influences the growth, size, and fruit production of the apple tree. Various training systems are possible and require adapted pruning and care measures."
    }
  },
  "pruning_logic": {
    "scope": "Apple trees (Malus)",
    "system": "General pruning and training principles for fruit trees",
    "remove": {
      "de": [
        "Dead, diseased, or damaged branches",
        "Crossing or rubbing branches",
        "Wasserschosse (senkrecht nach oben wachsende Triebe)",
        "Root suckers",
        "Äste, die nach innen zur Baummitte wachsen",
        "Competing leaders",
        "Äste mit engen Astwinkeln (bruchgefährdet)"
      ],
      "en": [
        "Dead, diseased, or damaged branches",
        "Crossing or rubbing branches",
        "Water sprouts (suckers growing vertically upwards)",
        "Root suckers",
        "Branches growing inwards towards the center of the tree",
        "Competing leaders",
        "Branches with narrow crotch angles (prone to splitting)"
      ]
    },
    "preserve": {
      "de": [
        "Strong, well-spaced scaffold branches forming the main structure",
        "Fruchtspieße (kurze, gedrungene Zweige, an denen Früchte entstehen)",
        "Well-balanced growth across the tree",
        "Ausreichender Lichteinfall in die Krone"
      ],
      "en": [
        "Strong, well-spaced scaffold branches forming the main structure",
        "Fruiting spurs (short, stubby branches where fruit is produced)",
        "Well-balanced growth across the tree",
        "Adequate light penetration into the canopy"
      ]
    },
    "avoid": {
      "de": [
        "Zu viel Laub auf einmal entfernen, was den Baum stressen kann",
        "Bündige Schnitte setzen, die den Astring entfernen",
        "Pruning during frost periods",
        "Stummel stehen lassen, die zu Fäulnis führen können"
      ],
      "en": [
        "Removing too much foliage at once, which can stress the tree",
        "Making flush cuts that remove the branch collar",
        "Pruning during frost periods",
        "Leaving stubs that can lead to decay"
      ]
    },
    "timing_rules": [
      {
        "season": "Late Winter",
        "months": [
          1,
          2,
          3
        ],
        "purpose": {
          "de": "Erziehungsschnitt, Auslichten und Pflegeschnitt",
          "en": "Formative pruning, thinning, and maintenance"
        },
        "notes": {
          "de": "Hauptschnittzeit. Fördert kräftiges Wachstum und Fruchtbildung im neuen Jahr. Durchgeführt, solange der Baum in Ruhe ist und vor dem Austrieb.",
          "en": "Main pruning period. Encourages vigorous growth and fruit production for the coming year. Performed while the tree is dormant and before bud break."
        }
      },
      {
        "season": "Summer",
        "months": [
          6,
          7
        ],
        "purpose": {
          "de": "Früchte ausdünnen, starkes Wachstum regulieren und Lichteinfall verbessern",
          "en": "Thinning fruit, controlling vigorous growth, improving light penetration"
        },
        "notes": {
          "de": "Entfernen von Wasserschossern und Auslichten von übermäßig dichtem Laub, um die Fruchtentwicklung zu verbessern und Sonnenbrand vorzubeugen.",
          "en": "Removal of water sprouts and thinning of overly dense foliage to improve fruit development and prevent sunburn."
        }
      },
      {
        "season": "Autumn",
        "months": [
          10,
          11
        ],
        "purpose": {
          "de": "Hygieneschnitt, Entfernen von krankem Material",
          "en": "Sanitation, removal of diseased material"
        },
        "notes": {
          "de": "Entfernen von befallenen Blättern und Früchten zur Reduzierung von Krankheitsdruck im nächsten Jahr.",
          "en": "Removal of infected leaves and fruit to reduce disease pressure in the following year."
        }
      }
    ],
    "cut_location_rules": {
      "de": [
        "Schnitte knapp außerhalb des Astrings setzen und den Astring intakt lassen.",
        "Beim Entfernen kleinerer Äste auf einen Seitenast oder eine Knospe zurückschneiden, die in die gewünschte Wuchsrichtung zeigt.",
        "Avoid leaving stubs.",
        "Use clean, sharp pruning tools."
      ],
      "en": [
        "Make cuts just outside the branch collar, leaving the collar intact.",
        "For removing smaller branches, cut back to a lateral branch or bud pointing in the desired direction of growth.",
        "Avoid leaving stubs.",
        "Use clean, sharp pruning tools."
      ]
    },
    "intensity_rules": {
      "young_trees": {
        "de": "Leichter bis moderater Schnitt, um die natürliche Form zu fördern und ein starkes Gerüst aufzubauen.",
        "en": "Light to moderate pruning to encourage natural form and build a strong framework."
      },
      "mature_trees": {
        "de": "Moderater Schnitt zur Erhaltung der Form, Förderung der Fruchtbildung und zur Vermeidung von Alternanz. Nicht mehr als 20-25% des alten Holzes pro Jahr entfernen.",
        "en": "Moderate pruning to maintain shape, encourage fruiting, and prevent biennial bearing. Remove no more than 20-25% of old wood annually."
      },
      "old_trees": {
        "de": "Verjüngungsschnitt durch Entfernen älterer, weniger produktiver Äste und Förderung neuer Triebe.",
        "en": "Rejuvenation pruning by removing older, less productive branches and encouraging new growth."
      }
    },
    "tool_hygiene": {
      "de": "Werkzeuge vor und nach Gebrauch reinigen und desinfizieren, besonders nach dem Schnitt an kranken Pflanzenteilen, um die Ausbreitung von Krankheiten zu verhindern.",
      "en": "Clean and disinfect tools before and after use, especially after pruning diseased plant parts, to prevent disease spread."
    },
    "diagram_requirements": {
      "de": [
        "Diagram showing correct pruning cuts.",
        "Diagram illustrating different training systems (e.g., espalier, cordon)."
      ],
      "en": [
        "Diagram showing correct pruning cuts.",
        "Diagram illustrating different training systems (e.g., espalier, cordon)."
      ]
    },
    "notes": {
      "de": "Der Schnitt sollte immer auf die spezifische Sorte, das Alter des Baumes und die gewünschte Erziehungsform abgestimmt sein. Ein guter Schnitt fördert nicht nur den Ertrag, sondern auch die Gesundheit des Baumes.",
      "en": "Pruning should always be adapted to the specific variety, the age of the tree, and the desired training system. Good pruning not only promotes yield but also the tree's health."
    }
  },
  "pruning_training": {
    "general_principles": {
      "de": [
        "Ziel ist ein gut belichteter und belüfteter Baum mit einer stabilen Gerüststruktur.",
        "Entfernen Sie abgestorbene, kranke oder sich kreuzende Äste.",
        "Fördern Sie die Bildung von Fruchtäspen.",
        "Bei jungen Bäumen steht der Aufbau eines stabilen Gerüsts im Vordergrund.",
        "Bei älteren Bäumen liegt der Fokus auf Erhaltungsschnitt und Verjüngung."
      ],
      "en": [
        "The goal is a well-lit and ventilated tree with a stable framework structure.",
        "Remove dead, diseased, or crossing branches.",
        "Encourage the formation of fruiting spurs.",
        "For young trees, the focus is on establishing a stable framework.",
        "For older trees, the focus is on maintenance pruning and rejuvenation."
      ]
    },
    "training_systems": {
      "spalier": {
        "de": "Flache Erziehungsform an Spalieren, oft an Hauswänden oder Zäunen. Benötigt regelmäßigen Schnitt zur Formerhaltung.",
        "en": "Flat training system on trellises, often against walls or fences. Requires regular pruning to maintain shape."
      },
      "cordon": {
        "de": "Einseitige oder mehrseitige Erziehung an einem Haupttrieb. Platzsparend und gut für kleine Gärten.",
        "en": "One-sided or multi-sided training along a main leader. Space-saving and good for small gardens."
      },
      "bush_tree": {
        "de": "Baum mit einem kurzen Stamm (ca. 40-60 cm) und einer offenen Krone. Gängige Form für Hausgärten.",
        "en": "Tree with a short trunk (approx. 40-60 cm) and an open crown. Common form for home gardens."
      },
      "half_standard": {
        "de": "Baum mit einem Stamm von ca. 80-120 cm Höhe. Bietet mehr Platz unter dem Baum.",
        "en": "Tree with a trunk of approx. 80-120 cm height. Provides more space under the tree."
      },
      "full_standard": {
        "de": "Baum mit einem hohen Stamm (über 150 cm). Benötigt viel Platz und ist für Obstwiesen geeignet.",
        "en": "Tree with a tall trunk (over 150 cm). Requires ample space and is suitable for orchards."
      }
    },
    "pruning_timing": {
      "de": "Der Hauptschnitt erfolgt in der Regel im Spätwinter (Januar-März) während der Vegetationsruhe. Sommerschnitte können zur Auslichtung und besseren Fruchtentwicklung eingesetzt werden.",
      "en": "The main pruning is usually done in late winter (January-March) during dormancy. Summer pruning can be used for thinning and improving fruit development."
    },
    "notes": {
      "de": "Regelmäßiger Schnitt ist entscheidend für Gesundheit, Ertrag und Fruchtqualität. Achten Sie auf scharfes und sauberes Werkzeug.",
      "en": "Regular pruning is crucial for health, yield, and fruit quality. Ensure sharp and clean tools."
    }
  },
  "ecology": {
    "pollinator_value": "high",
    "wildlife_value": "high",
    "biodiversity_notes": {
      "de": "Apfelbäume bieten Nahrung und Lebensraum für eine Vielzahl von Insekten, Vögeln und Kleinsäuern. Ihre Blüten sind eine wichtige Nahrungsquelle für Bestäuber im Frühjahr.",
      "en": "Apple trees provide food and habitat for a variety of insects, birds, and small mammals. Their blossoms are an important food source for pollinators in spring."
    }
  },
  "practical_notes": {
    "de": "Äpfel sind robust, benötigen aber regelmäßigen Schnitt zur Ertragssteigerung und Gesunderhaltung. Achten Sie auf die Wahl passender Befruchtersorten und auf vorbeugende Maßnahmen gegen Schorf und Apfelwickler. Die Lagerfähigkeit variiert stark je nach Sorte.",
    "en": "Apples are robust but require regular pruning to increase yield and maintain health. Pay attention to choosing suitable pollinator varieties and implementing preventive measures against scab and codling moth. Storage life varies greatly by variety."
  },
  "slug": "apfel",
  "sources": [
    {
      "title": "Wikidata entity",
      "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104819",
      "publisher": "Wikidata",
      "date_accessed": "2026-05-11"
    },
    {
      "title": "GBIF species match",
      "url": "https://api.gbif.org/v1/species/match?name=Malus&kingdom=Plantae",
      "publisher": "GBIF",
      "date_accessed": "2026-05-11"
    },
    {
      "title": "Deutschsprachige Wikipedia: Äpfel",
      "url": "https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%84pfel",
      "publisher": "Wikipedia",
      "date_accessed": "2026-05-11"
    },
    {
      "title": "English Wikipedia: Malus",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malus",
      "publisher": "Wikipedia",
      "date_accessed": "2026-05-11"
    }
  ]
}